Chapter 4 Protected Values and Omission Bias as Deontological Judgments

2009 ◽  
pp. 133-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Baron ◽  
Ilana Ritov
Keyword(s):  
Protected Values ◽  
Omission Bias

scholarly journals Protected values: No omission bias and no framing effects

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Tanner ◽  
Douglas L. Medin
Keyword(s):  
Framing Effects ◽  
Protected Values ◽  
Omission Bias

scholarly journals Protected Values and Omission Bias

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Ritov ◽  
Jonathan Baron
Keyword(s):  
Protected Values ◽  
Omission Bias

scholarly journals Social media and mental health: Reviewing effects on eudaimonic well-being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Meier ◽  
Leonard Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Omission Bias ◽  
Health And Well Being

Do social media affect users’ mental health and well-being? By now, considerable research has addressed this highly contested question. Prior studies have investigated the effects of social media use on hedonic well-being (e.g., affect and life satisfaction), psychopathology (e.g., depressive or anxiety symptoms), or psychosocial risk/resilience factors (e.g., loneliness, stress, self-esteem). Yet, public concern over social media effects often centers on more long-term negative outcomes, which may be better captured by indicators of eudaimonic well-being. Indeed, neglecting the eudaimonic side of well-being may have introduced outcome omission bias, since eudaimonia is both conceptually and empirically distinct from other dimensions of mental health and may be uniquely affected by social media use. Specifically, psychology currently theorizes eudaimonic well-being to be best represented by the experiences of (a) meaningfulness, (b) authenticity, and (c) self-actualization. A research synthesis of how social media use relates to these core indicators of eudaimonia is currently missing, however. We thus present a first narrative review that synthesizes both theoretical and empirical links between three key social media uses (i.e., active, passive, and “screen time”) and eudaimonic well-being. The synthesis shows that while there are indeed several plausible theoretical links, the evidence is too scarce and inconsistent to allow definitive conclusions at this time. We instead give recommendations for how the field can close important gaps by investigating whether social media afford or constrain opportunities to find meaning, live authentically, and grow as a person.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Russian experience in reforming control and supervisory activities (part 2)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-342
Author(s):  
E V Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Protected Values ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Implementation ◽  
Positive Results

The modern period of reform of control and Supervisory activities is full of events, novelties of norm-setting, social experiments. In recent years, the main vector of reforms is aimed at respecting the interests of controlled objects in the preparation and conduct of control and Supervisory activities, the introduction of risk-based control, allowing to concentrate resources for control and supervision in those areas where there is a high probability of violation of the values protected by law. The article considers the dynamics and the main results of the reform of control and Supervisory activities. Among the positive results of the reform are the pilot implementation of a risk-based approach in control and supervisory activities, a system for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of control and supervisory activities. Some positive dynamics emerged in the application of checklists. From the point of view of the author, insufficient attention is paid to questions of a critical analysis of the need and sufficiency of control and supervisory activities in terms of the protection of legally protected values; the possibility of replacing state control and supervision by other, including non-state institutions. The author substantiates the conclusion about the analysis of the need for control (supervision), systematization of control and Supervisory functions and audit of mandatory requirements before making and implementing decisions related to the technological aspects of control (supervision). Also, proposals are made to adjust the provisions contained in the draft law “on state and municipal control (supervision) in the Russian Federation”.

How Field Experiments in Economics Can Complement Psychological Research on Judgment Biases

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142110336
Author(s):  
John A. List
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Individual Behaviors ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Omission Bias ◽  
Open Air Markets

This review summarizes results of field experiments examining individual behaviors across several market settings—from open-air markets to rideshare markets to tax-compliance markets—where people sort themselves into market roles wherein they make consequential decisions. Using three distinct examples from my own research on the endowment effect, left-digit bias, and omission bias, I showcase how field experiments can help researchers understand mediators, heterogeneity, and causal moderation involved in judgment biases in the field. In this manner, the review highlights that economic field experiments can serve an invaluable intellectual role alongside traditional laboratory research.

Omission Bias

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Anton Musiienko
Keyword(s):  
Omission Bias

The Omission Bias

2015 ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Rolf Dobelli
Keyword(s):  
Omission Bias

scholarly journals Processing Narratives Concerning Protected Values: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Neural Correlates

2016 ◽  
pp. bhv325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas T. Kaplan ◽  
Sarah I. Gimbel ◽  
Morteza Dehghani ◽  
Mary Helen Immordino-Yang ◽  
Kenji Sagae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Protected Values

Security Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Paweł Kępka
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Security Design ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Protected Values ◽  
The Individual

The article presents issues related to  security design including, among others, the classification of security design, criteria for its division, the essence of design, security interests and objectives, security determinants (environment), concepts for safety-enhancing activities under specified conditions, security potential and the concept of security enhancing activities. The considerations are based on the assumption that security is first and foremost based on the need to protect against the real risks posed by elements that could negatively affect individuals, communities or entire countries. On the other hand, the long history, beyond the defined approach to  providing security, resulting strictly from the willingness to  live in  a  specific environment (space), indicates cases in which the sense of security is related to the authority, capabilities, quality of assets and resources possessed. Both of the approaches presented emphasise that, regardless of their attitude, the issue of protection of human life and health is the most important category of things to be protected. The first approach indicates a reactionary character, closely related to intervention in respect of a given threat (real or imaginary), while the second one draws the perspective of organising the security potential that constitutes the strength of the individual in general, including the case of a real threat. It is a sign of preparing resources (legal, organisational, material, financial, informational) for the potential threat from nature, another person or a country. The concepts defined for preparing for what becomes a threat to the protected values are not only logical, but can also be seen in a hierarchical way. The proof in this case is that, first of all, people repel what threatens them here and now and only then do they think about building their security potential as an answer to what they may face in the future.

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