Neuropsychological tests accurately predict incident Alzheimer disease after 5 and 10 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
J.C. Ballenger
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests

Neuropsychological tests accurately predict incident Alzheimer disease after 5 and 10 years

Neurology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1853-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Tierney ◽  
C. Yao ◽  
A. Kiss ◽  
I. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests

scholarly journals Atypical Repetition in Daily Conversation on Different Days for Detecting Alzheimer Disease: Evaluation of Phone-Call Data From Regular Monitoring Service

10.2196/16790 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e16790
Author(s):  
Yasunori Yamada ◽  
Kaoru Shinkawa ◽  
Keita Shimmei
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Regular Monitoring ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
Specific Number

Background Identifying signs of Alzheimer disease (AD) through longitudinal and passive monitoring techniques has become increasingly important. Previous studies have succeeded in quantifying language dysfunctions and identifying AD from speech data collected during neuropsychological tests. However, whether and how we can quantify language dysfunction in daily conversation remains unexplored. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the linguistic features that can be used for differentiating AD patients from daily conversations. Methods We analyzed daily conversational data of seniors with and without AD obtained from longitudinal follow-up in a regular monitoring service (from n=15 individuals including 2 AD patients at an average follow-up period of 16.1 months; 1032 conversational data items obtained during phone calls and approximately 221 person-hours). In addition to the standard linguistic features used in previous studies on connected speech data during neuropsychological tests, we extracted novel features related to atypical repetition of words and topics reported by previous observational and descriptive studies as one of the prominent characteristics in everyday conversations of AD patients. Results When we compared the discriminative power for AD, we found that atypical repetition in two conversations on different days outperformed other linguistic features used in previous studies on speech data during neuropsychological tests. It was also a better indicator than atypical repetition in single conversations as well as that in two conversations separated by a specific number of conversations. Conclusions Our results show how linguistic features related to atypical repetition across days could be used for detecting AD from daily conversations in a passive manner by taking advantage of longitudinal data.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Profiles Differentiate Alzheimer Disease from Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia in an Autopsy-Defined Cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Ramirez-Gomez ◽  
Ling Zheng ◽  
Bruce Reed ◽  
Joel Kramer ◽  
Dan Mungas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Learning Test

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of neuropsychological tests to differentiate autopsy-defined Alzheimer disease (AD) from subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD). Methods: From a sample of 175 cases followed longitudinally that underwent autopsy, we selected 23 normal controls (NC), 20 SIVD, 69 AD, and 10 mixed cases of dementia. Baseline neuropsychological tests, including Memory Assessment Scale word list learning test, control oral word association test, and animal fluency, were compared between the three autopsy-defined groups. Results: The NC, SIVD, and AD groups did not differ by age or education. The SIVD and AD groups did not differ by the Global Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. Subjects with AD performed worse on delayed recall (p < 0.01). A receiver operating characteristics analysis comparing the SIVD and AD groups including age, education, difference between categorical (animals) versus phonemic fluency (letter F), and the first recall from the word learning test distinguished the two groups with a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 67%, and positive likelihood ratio of 2.57 (AUC = 0.789, 95% CI 0.69-0.88, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In neuropathologically defined subgroups, neuropsychological profiles have modest ability to distinguish patients with AD from those with SIVD.

Lack of Practice Effects on Neuropsychological Tests as Early Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease?

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette E. Zehnder ◽  
Stafan Bläsi ◽  
Manfred Berres ◽  
Rene Spiegel ◽  
Andreas U. Monsch
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Cognitive Markers

scholarly journals Associations between tau, Aβ, and cortical thickness with cognition in Alzheimer disease

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. e601-e612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rik Ossenkoppele ◽  
Ruben Smith ◽  
Tomas Ohlsson ◽  
Olof Strandberg ◽  
Niklas Mattsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Prodromal Ad

ObjectiveTo examine the cross-sectional associations between regional tau, β-amyloid (Aβ), and cortical thickness and neuropsychological function across the preclinical and clinical spectrum of Alzheimer disease (AD).MethodsWe included 106 participants from the Swedish Biomarkers for Identifying Neurodegenerative Disorders Early and Reliably (BioFINDER) study, of whom 33 had preclinical AD (Aβ-positive cognitively normal individuals), 25 had prodromal AD (Aβ-positive mild cognitive impairment), and 48 had probable AD dementia. All underwent [18F]flortaucipir (tau) and structural MRI (cortical thickness), and 88 of 106 underwent [18F]flutemetamol (Aβ) PET. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and education were performed to examine associations between 7 regions of interest and 7 neuropsychological tests for all 3 imaging modalities.ResultsIn preclinical AD, [18F]flortaucipir, but not [18F]flutemetamol or cortical thickness, was associated with decreased global cognition, memory, and processing speed (range standardized β = 0.35–0.52,p< 0.05 uncorrected for multiple comparisons). In the combined prodromal AD and AD dementia group, both increased [18F]flortaucipir uptake and reduced cortical thickness were associated with worse performance on a variety of neuropsychological tests (most regions of interest survived correction for multiple comparisons atp< 0.05), while increased [18F]flutemetamol uptake was specifically associated with lower scores on a delayed recall memory task (p< 0.05 uncorrected for multiple comparisons). The strongest effects for both [18F]flortaucipir and cortical thickness on cognition were found in the lateral and medial parietal cortex and lateral temporal cortex. The effect of [18F]flutemetamol on cognition was generally weaker and less region specific.ConclusionOur findings suggest that tau PET is more sensitive than Aβ PET and measures of cortical thickness for detecting early cognitive changes in preclinical AD. Furthermore, both [18F]flortaucipir PET and cortical thickness show strong cognitive correlates at the clinical stages of AD.

scholarly journals Comparing the Neuropsychiatric Profile of Patients with Alzheimer Disease Who Present Spared versus Impaired Executive Functioning

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht ◽  
Anabel Chade ◽  
Teresa Torralva ◽  
María Roca ◽  
Facundo Manes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Repetitive Motor ◽  
Shed Light

Background. A “dysexecutive” group of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) has been previously identified, and these patients have been found to present higher frequency of psychiatric symptoms and more pronounced functional impact. This study aimed at evaluating the frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with early AD who present with impaired executive functioning.Methods. Thirty patients with early AD diagnosis were divided into a spared (SEF) and an impaired (IEF) executive functioning group according to their performance scores on neuropsychological tests. Their closest relatives or caregivers completed the Cambridge behavioral inventory (CBI), which assesses behavioral symptoms grouped into 13 categories.Results. A significant difference was exclusively found between SEF and IEF in terms of the frequency of stereotypies and repetitive motor behavior (U=60.5,P=.024).Conclusions. The presence of stereotypies could be associated with a dysexecutive profile in AD patients. These results shed light on the role of frontal circuitry in the expression of motor symptoms in AD and prompt for further research that will contribute to the differential diagnosis both of different subtypes of AD and other types of dementia.

scholarly journals The Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) in the diagnosis of vascular dementia

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Sellitto Porto ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dementia Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Areas

Abstract The Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) is considered a very useful instrument to assess patients with dementia. The tasks are grouped into five subscales, each one evaluating different cognitive areas, namely: Attention, Initiation/Perseveration (I/P), Construction, Conceptualization and Memory. Objective: To verify the ability of the DRS in discriminating vascular dementia (VaD) patients from healthy controls and VaD from Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Methods: The DRS was applied to 68 patients with mild dementia (12 with VaD and 56 with AD) and 60 healthy controls. The clinical diagnosis was made by two neurologists based on the patients´ history, laboratory and neuroimaging results and neuropsychological tests. Results: In the comparison between VaD patients and controls, the subscales I/P, Memory, Conceptualization and Attention were those displaying best discrimination between the two groups. The cutoff <124 yielded 93.3% of sensitivity and 91.7% of specificity for the diagnosis of VaD. Only the I/P subscale differentiated VaD from AD patients. Conclusions: The DRS was found to be a useful instrument to discriminate VaD patients from controls. VaD patients showed worse performance in tasks of executive functions than AD patients. Executive dysfunction, evaluated through the I/P subscale of the DRS, might be useful in differentiating between VaD and AD patients.

Structural and Chemical Studies of Pathological Fibers in Human Neurofibrillary Degeneration

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 726-729
Author(s):  
K.S. Kosik ◽  
L.K. Duffy ◽  
S. Bakalis ◽  
C. Abraham ◽  
D.J. Selkoe
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Neuritic Plaque ◽  
Protein Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Studies

The major structural lesions of the human brain during aging and in Alzheimer disease (AD) are the neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and the senile (neuritic) plaque. Although these fibrous alterations have been recognized by light microscopists for almost a century, detailed biochemical and morphological analysis of the lesions has been undertaken only recently. Because the intraneuronal deposits in the NFT and the plaque neurites and the extraneuronal amyloid cores of the plaques have a filamentous ultrastructure, the neuronal cytoskeleton has played a prominent role in most pathogenetic hypotheses.The approach of our laboratory toward elucidating the origin of plaques and tangles in AD has been two-fold: the use of analytical protein chemistry to purify and then characterize the pathological fibers comprising the tangles and plaques, and the use of certain monoclonal antibodies to neuronal cytoskeletal proteins that, despite high specificity, cross-react with NFT and thus implicate epitopes of these proteins as constituents of the tangles.

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