scholarly journals Comparing the Neuropsychiatric Profile of Patients with Alzheimer Disease Who Present Spared versus Impaired Executive Functioning

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht ◽  
Anabel Chade ◽  
Teresa Torralva ◽  
María Roca ◽  
Facundo Manes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Repetitive Motor ◽  
Shed Light

Background. A “dysexecutive” group of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) has been previously identified, and these patients have been found to present higher frequency of psychiatric symptoms and more pronounced functional impact. This study aimed at evaluating the frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with early AD who present with impaired executive functioning.Methods. Thirty patients with early AD diagnosis were divided into a spared (SEF) and an impaired (IEF) executive functioning group according to their performance scores on neuropsychological tests. Their closest relatives or caregivers completed the Cambridge behavioral inventory (CBI), which assesses behavioral symptoms grouped into 13 categories.Results. A significant difference was exclusively found between SEF and IEF in terms of the frequency of stereotypies and repetitive motor behavior (U=60.5,P=.024).Conclusions. The presence of stereotypies could be associated with a dysexecutive profile in AD patients. These results shed light on the role of frontal circuitry in the expression of motor symptoms in AD and prompt for further research that will contribute to the differential diagnosis both of different subtypes of AD and other types of dementia.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological profile of a male psychiatric patient with a Morgagni-Stewart-Morel syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aksel Hansen ◽  
Liliana Engelhardt ◽  
Wolfgang Pleschutznig ◽  
Gerhard Dammann ◽  
Stephanie Vietze
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Psychiatric Patient ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Admission Diagnosis ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Definition Of

In 1765 Giovanni Morgagni described a syndrome consisting of hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI), obesity and hirsutism. In 1928 Stewart and in 1930 Morel added neuropsychiatric symptoms, e.g. depression and dementia, which led to the definition of the Morgagni-Stewart-Morel Syndrome (MSM). Although mostly women were characterized in literature no gender specifity is demanded. This case report presents the rare case of a 66 year old male psychiatric patient with Morgagni-Stewart-Morel Syndrome. The patient complained of loss of concentration and difficulties with activities of daily living. Admission diagnosis was an opioid misuse on the basis of a chronic pain syndrome. In this case report we are describing clinical features, the patient history and technical (MRI) and neuropsychological tests. Although severe psychiatric symptoms and neuropsychological deficits are commonly seen in these patients, our patient showed only mild symptoms. This case reports shows the possibility of a male patient with MSM. If MSM is a separate entity or just an epiphenomena of hormone dysregulation should be investigated in further studies.

scholarly journals Role of physical activity in ameliorating neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease: A narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1316-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Marco Solmi ◽  
Cristina Basso ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Pinar Soysal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Narrative Review

Anosognosia and Its Relation to Psychiatric Symptoms in Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bora Yoon ◽  
Yong S. Shim ◽  
Yun Jeong Hong ◽  
Seong Hye Choi ◽  
Hee Kyung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions ◽  
The Individual

Background: We investigated differences in the prevalence of anosognosia and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) characteristics according to disease severity in patients with early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD). Methods: We recruited 616 patients with EOAD. We subdivided participants into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of anosognosia and then again by Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. We compared the differences in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores according to anosognosia and disease severity. Results: The percentage of patients with anosognosia in each CDR group steadily increased as the CDR rating increased (CDR 0.5 8.6% vs CDR 1 13.6% vs CDR 2 26.2%). The NPI total score was significantly higher in patients with anosognosia in the CDR 0.5 and 1 groups; by contrast, it had no association in the CDR 2 group. Frontal lobe functions were associated with anosognosia only in the CDR 0.5 and 1 groups. After stratification by CDR, in the CDR 0.5 group, the prevalence of agitation ( P = .040) and appetite ( P = .013) was significantly higher in patients with anosognosia. In the CDR 1 group, patients with anosognosia had a significantly higher prevalence of delusions ( P = .032), hallucinations ( P = .048), and sleep disturbances ( P = .047). In the CDR 2 group, we found no statistical difference in the frequency of symptoms between patients with and without anosognosia. Conclusion: These results confirm that the prevalence of anosognosia as well as the individual NPS and cognitive functions associated with it differ according to EOAD severity.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms, Caregiver Burden and Distress in Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Bento Lima-Silva ◽  
Valéria Santoro Bahia ◽  
Viviane Amaral Carvalho ◽  
Henrique Cerqueira Guimarães ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Significant Difference

Background/Aims: We aimed to compare caregiver burden and distress in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to investigate which factors contribute to caregivers' burden and distress. Methods: Fifty patients and their caregivers were invited to participate. Among the patients, 20 had a diagnosis of bvFTD and 30 had AD. Caregivers and patients were statistically equivalent for age, sex, education and dementia severity according to Clinical Dementia Rating. The protocol included the Short Zarit Burden Inventory, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, the Executive Interview with 25 Items, Direct Assessment of Functional Status and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Results: In the NPI, caregivers of bvFTD patients reported a higher presence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver distress compared to caregivers of AD patients. There was no significant difference in the perceived burden. In bvFTD, DAD and GAI scores were significantly correlated with burden, whereas in AD, burden was correlated with CSDD and NPI scores. Psychiatric symptoms were associated with distress in both groups. Conclusions: Caregivers of bvFTD patients experienced higher levels of distress than caregivers of AD patients. Patients' functional limitations were associated with burden of caregivers of bvFTD patients, whereas neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with caregiver strain in both groups.

scholarly journals Preservice Science Teachers' Discrimination Level of Science and Pseudoscience

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Murat Berat Uçar ◽  
◽  
Elvan Sahin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Teacher Education Program ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Service Science ◽  
Preservice Science Teachers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teachers Beliefs ◽  
Discrimination Level ◽  
Shed Light

This quantitative study aimed to examine Turkish pre-service science teachers’ beliefs regarding the demarcating between science and pseudoscience. Participants completed the Science and Pseudoscience Distinction Scale. Data collected from the 123 pre-service science teachers were examined based on the dimensions of the instrument, namely science as a process of inquiry (SCI), demarcating between science and pseudoscience, and pseudoscientific beliefs (PS). This study found that these pre-service science teachers generally did not hold strong beliefs on distinguishing science and pseudoscience. Their beliefs regarding SCI were not highly favorable. Moreover, this study revealed that they had some PS. Considering the role of gender and year in the program, the results of two-way MANOVA indicated that there was no statistically significant difference on the related belief constructs for these pre-service science teachers. Thus, the present study intended to shed light on pre-service science teachers’ mindsets about identifying accurate scientific information rather than pseudoscientific confusions that could aid preparing scientifically literate students. It was shown that their teacher education program did not facilitate favorable beliefs. This study highlights some potential areas for further exploration of addressing pre-service science teachers’ discrimination skills of science and pseudoscience.

Second generation direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) Treatment on HCV+ patients: Patient reported outcomes (PROs) and psychiatric symptoms in a real world setting sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S316-S317
Author(s):  
M. Moneglia ◽  
A. Santangelo ◽  
I. Burian ◽  
L. Gragnani ◽  
F. Elisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Real World ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported

IntroductionAnti-HCV treatments are moving away from interferon-alpha towards DAAs, associated with fewer side effects, better tolerability, and better PROs.AimsTo describe neuropsychiatric symptoms and PROs during DAAs treatment in a group of HCV+ patients.MethodsForty outpatients, scheduled for DAAs treatment, were assessed at enrolment (T0), 4 weeks (T1), at the end of treatment (EOT) and after 12 weeks of follow up (F-UP), by means of MDRS, HAM-D, HAM-A, MRS, Y-BOCS and SF-36. Afterwards the sample was divided into two groups as a function of a positive psychiatric history (19) and compared with each other.ResultsTotal sample mean scores between W0 and F-UP were compared and an improving trend was observed in all administered scales. An SF-36 items analysis showed a statistically significant difference in emotional role functioning between W0 vs EOT and EOT vs F-UP, in change in overall health status between W0 vs EOT and W0 vs F-UP.A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a positive psychiatric history was not associated with an improvement in vitality of 4.3 (minimal clinically important difference). Comparing the two groups, no significant fluctuations in SF-36 scores were founded and major deviations score increases were recorded in patients with a psychiatric history in all scales.ConclusionsOur real world data shows that new regimens do not seem to be associated with psychiatric side effects and conversely a clinical improvement compared to baseline was found, suggesting an immediate gain in PROs over the treatment period, particularly the psychiatric subgroup.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Agitation and apathy increase risk of dementia in psychiatric inpatients with late-onset psychiatric symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Shao ◽  
Haiyun Xu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Xijian Dai ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background A diagnosis of dementia in middle-aged and elder people is often complicated by physical frailty and comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs). Previous studies have identified NPSs as a risk factor for dementia. The aim of this study was to figure out to what extent individual NPS and certain demographic factors increased the risk of dementia in middle-aged and senior psychiatric inpatients. Methods One hundred twenty-seven middle-aged and senior patients admitted to psychiatric wards for late-onset (age ≥ 50 years) psychiatric symptoms were included and categorized into dementia or non-demented psychiatric disorders (NDPD). The patients’ demographic information and medical records were collected during the first hospitalization and subjected to statistical analyses. Results 41.73% of the registered psychiatric inpatients were diagnosed as dementia in which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was the dominant subtype. The NDPD group consisted of nine individual diagnoses, except for schizophrenia. The frequencies of dementia inpatients increased with first episode age while that of NDPD inpatients decreased with first episode age. In the enrolled inpatients, most of dementia patients were males while females accounted for a higher proportion of NDPD patients. 58.49% of enrolled dementia inpatients presented cognitive deficit (CD) as the initial symptom while the remaining 41.51% showed NPS as initial symptom. Of the 12 NPSs, agitation and apathy greatly and significantly increased risk of dementia in psychiatric inpatients with late-onset psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions These results added evidence that the demented patients admitted to psychiatric ward are more likely to be male, older first episode age, and have characteristic NPS including aberrant motor behavior (AMB), hallucinations, agitation, irritability and apathy. Further, this study emphasized the importance of agitation and apathy of NPSs functioning as risk factors of dementia in these inpatients.

scholarly journals The Role of Chinese Herbal Therapy in Methamphetamine Abuse and its Induced Psychiatric Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Qin Ru ◽  
Qi Xiong ◽  
Mei Zhou ◽  
Kai Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Chinese Herbal Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Impairments

Repeated intake of methamphetamine (METH) leads to drug addiction, the inability to control intake, and strong drug cravings. It is also likely to cause psychiatric impairments, such as cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety. Because the specific neurobiological mechanisms involved are complex and have not been fully and systematically elucidated, there is no established pharmacotherapy for METH abuse. Studies have found that a variety of Chinese herbal medicines have significant therapeutic effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms and have the advantage of multitarget comprehensive treatment. We conducted a systematic review, from neurobiological mechanisms to candidate Chinese herbal medicines, hoping to provide new perspectives and ideas for the prevention and treatment of METH abuse.

Cerebellar and subcortical atrophy contribute to psychiatric symptoms in frontotemporal dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelie Bussy ◽  
Jake Levy ◽  
Raihaan Patel ◽  
Lani Cupo ◽  
Tristin Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Preclinical Phase

Recent studies have suggested that cerebellar and subcortical structures are impacted early in the disease progression of genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due to microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), progranulin (GRN) and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72). However, the clinical contribution of the structures involved in the cerebello-subcortical circuitry has been understudied in FTD given their potentially central role in cognition and behaviour processes. The present study aims to investigate whether there is an association between the atrophy of the cerebellar and subcortical structures, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (using the revised version of the Cambridge Behavioral Inventory, CBI-R) across genetic mutations and whether this association starts during the preclinical phase of the disease. Our study included 983 participants from the Genetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative (GENFI) including mutation carriers (n=608) and non-carrier first-degree relatives of known symptomatic carriers (n= 375). Voxel-wise analysis of the thalamus, striatum, globus pallidus, amygdala, and the cerebellum was performed using deformation based morphometry (DBM) and partial least squares analyses (PLS) were used to link morphometry and behavioural symptoms. Our univariate results suggest that in this group of primarily presymptomatic subjects, volume loss in subcortical and cerebellar structure was primarily a function of aging, with only the C9orf72 group showing more pronounced volume loss in the thalamus compared to the non-carrier individuals. PLS analyses demonstrated that the cerebello-subcortical circuitry is related to all neuropsychiatric symptoms from the CBI-R, with significant overlap in brain/behaviour patterns, but also specificity for each genetic group. The biggest differences were in the extent of the cerebellar involvement (larger extent in C9orf72 group) and more prominent amygdalar contribution in the MAPT group. Finally, our findings demonstrated that C9orf72 and MAPT brain scores were related to estimated years before the age of symptom onset (EYO) in a second order relationship highlighting a steeper brain score decline 20 years before expected symptom onset, while GRN brain scores were related to age and not EYO. Overall, these results demonstrated the important role of the subcortical structures and especially of the cerebellum in genetic FTD symptom expression.

The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soares Severo ◽  
Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽  
Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽  
Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽  
Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Zinc Transporters ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

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