INCREASED MALE-TO-FEMALE SEX RATIO AMONG HLA-DR COMPATIBLE PREGNANCIES

The Lancet ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 325 (8431) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Ober ◽  
Joe Leigh Simpson ◽  
Ruta Radvany
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Male To Female

scholarly journals The Effect of China’s Two-Child Policy on the Child Sex Ratio: Evidence From Shanghai, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 004695802110679
Author(s):  
Di Tang ◽  
Xiangdong Gao ◽  
Jiaoli Cai ◽  
Peter. C. Coyte
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Municipal Level

Objective: The bias towards males at birth has resulted in a major imbalance in the Chinese sex ratio that is often attributed to China’s one-child policy. Relaxation of the one-child policy has the potential to reduce the imbalance in the sex ratio away from males. In this study, we assessed whether the bias towards males in the child sex ratio was reduced as a result of the two-child policy in China. Medical records data from one large municipal-level obstetrics hospital in Shanghai, East China. Design: Matching and difference-in-differences (MDID) techniques were used to investigate the effect of the two-child policy on the imbalance in the sex ratio at birth after matching for pregnancy status and socioeconomic factors. Results: Analyzing 133,358 live births suggest that the relaxation of the one-child policy had a small, but statistically significant effect in reducing the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that relaxation of the one-child policy reduced the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth from 1.10 to 1.05 over the study period at one of the major obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in China.

scholarly journals Noninvasive genetic census of greater one-horned rhinocerosRhinoceros unicornisin Gorumara National Park, India: a pilot study for population estimation

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udayan Borthakur ◽  
Pranjal Kumar Das ◽  
Anjan Talukdar ◽  
Bibhab Kumar Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
National Park ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Population Estimation ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Male To Female

AbstractThe greater one-horned rhinocerosRhinoceros unicornisis a flagship species for conservation in protected areas in India and Nepal. In India the species is afforded the highest level of legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. Although censuses of greater one-horned rhinoceros have been carried out for decades using the traditional total count method, no advanced scientific approach has been adopted for population estimation of the species in India or elsewhere. We optimized noninvasive genetic techniques for identification of greater one-horned rhinoceros from dung samples, and applied these to estimate the number of rhinoceros in Gorumara National Park, in West Bengal, India. Our results confirmed the presence of 43 individuals from 60 dung samples collected throughout the Park in 2011. We confirmed a male-to-female sex ratio of 3.8 : 1, based on analysis of DNA from dung samples, using a y-chromosome linked marker. Our results are in concordance with a census carried out by the West Bengal Forest Department that found 42 rhinoceros in the Park, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 3.5 : 1. Our study thus demonstrates the feasibility of using a noninvasive genetic approach for population estimation of greater one-horned rhinoceros in the wild.

Low male-to-female sex ratio of children born in India: national survey of 1·1 million households

The Lancet ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 367 (9506) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Jha ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Priya Vasa ◽  
Neeraj Dhingra ◽  
Deva Thiruchelvam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male To Female

EFFECT OF NON-GENETIC AND GENETIC FACTORS ON BIRTH WEIGHT OF MENGALI SHEEP OF BALOCHISTAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masood Tariq ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male To Female

Data on birth weight of 2377 lambs obtained from 581 dams and 56 sires of Mengali sheep born during 2005 and 2009 were recorded and analyzed to identify the factors affecting birth weight of Mengali lambs. Mengali flocks were kept under semi-intensive condition in four stations at three different locations (Experimental Station Center for Advanced studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology (CASVAB), University of Balochistan, (ESC), Quetta, Killi Hassni, Quetta; Khadkucha, Mastung and Peer Wala (Mal), Nushki). The lambing occurred spring and autumn, however majority of the Mengali sheep (85 %) lambed during spring between (February and March months). Among the total lambs born, the male to female sex ratio was 49.43: 50.57 respectively and shown no significant difference between two sexes. The overall least-squares means for birth weight of males and females pooled over parity and type of birth were 3.61±0.36 and 3.48±0.39 kg respectively

Declining Frequency of Circumcision: Implications for Changes in the Absolute Incidence and Male to Female Sex Ratio of Urinary Tract Infections in Early Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Wiswell ◽  
Robert W. Enzenauer ◽  
Mark E. Holton ◽  
J. Devn Cornish ◽  
Charles T. Hankins
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Frequency Rate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Male To Female

The results of an investigation examining the circumcision frequency rate and its effect on the incidence of urinary tract infections in a large, widely dispersed population base during the 10-year period since the 1975 report of the American Academy of Pediatrics Ad Hoc Task Force on Circumcision are reported. Our study population included the 427,698 infants born in all United States Army hospitals, worldwide, from Jan 1, 1975, through Dec 31, 1984. There was an initial plateau in the circumcision frequency rate at approximately 85% during the first 4 years of the study period. In the subsequent 6 years there was a steady, significant decrease (P < .001) of 1.4% to 4.0% per year through 1984, when the circumcision frequency rate reached its nadir of 70.5%. There was a concomitant increase in the total number of urinary tract infections among male infants (P < .02) as the circumcision rate declined. This increase was due to the increase in the overall number of uncircumcised boys (who had a greater than 11-fold increased infection rate compared with circumcised boys). During the first half of the study period, there was a female predominance for urinary tract infections from birth onward. As the number of circumcised boys decreased (with a resultant increase in the total number of boys with infection), the male to female ratio of urinary tract infections during the first 3 months of life reversed, reflecting a movement toward a male predominance for infection in early infancy. This is the first, well-documented report of a decreasing rate of circumcisions performed on the American male population. We conclude that the number of urinary tract infections in male infants, as well as the male to female sex ratio, is affected by the circumcision practices of the population examined.

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