EFFECT OF NON-GENETIC AND GENETIC FACTORS ON BIRTH WEIGHT OF MENGALI SHEEP OF BALOCHISTAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masood Tariq ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male To Female

Data on birth weight of 2377 lambs obtained from 581 dams and 56 sires of Mengali sheep born during 2005 and 2009 were recorded and analyzed to identify the factors affecting birth weight of Mengali lambs. Mengali flocks were kept under semi-intensive condition in four stations at three different locations (Experimental Station Center for Advanced studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology (CASVAB), University of Balochistan, (ESC), Quetta, Killi Hassni, Quetta; Khadkucha, Mastung and Peer Wala (Mal), Nushki). The lambing occurred spring and autumn, however majority of the Mengali sheep (85 %) lambed during spring between (February and March months). Among the total lambs born, the male to female sex ratio was 49.43: 50.57 respectively and shown no significant difference between two sexes. The overall least-squares means for birth weight of males and females pooled over parity and type of birth were 3.61±0.36 and 3.48±0.39 kg respectively

scholarly journals Genetic and Non-genetic Factors Affecting Gestation Length and Calve Birth Weight of Sahiwal-Friesian Crossbred Groups

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MAI Talukder ◽  
JM Panandam
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Sire Breed

This study focused on the dairy unit at the Ladang Pusat Ternakan Haiwan Ayer Hitam in Johor, Malaysia. Eight crossbreed groups namely M50, M50-1, M50-2, M50-3, M56, M63, M75 and M75-1 were evaluated. Retrospective data on gestation length and calf birth weight were extracted for evaluation of 1346 animals and were analyzed between 1981 and 2001. Effects of breed group, parity, calf sex and age at calving were non significant for GL. Year of birth was only significant (P<0.05) affected for GL. The GL for the breed groups ranged between 279 - 283 days. The cow breed group x parity interaction effect was significant (P<0.05) for CBW. Sire breed group, calf sex and age at calving significantly (P<0.05) affected the CBW. There was no significant difference in CBW of the cow breed groups for the first two parities. M50, M50-1, M63 and M75-1 had significantly (P<0.05) higher CBW in the third and fourth parity (26.76-28.98 kg). M50-3 and M56 had significantly (P<0.05) lower CBW than M50 and M63. M56 had the lowest (P<0.05) CBW in the fourth parity (22.22 ± 1.24 kg). Individual additive genetic effect, maternal additive genetic effect, individual heterosis and maternal heterosis were non-significant for GL and CBW. Calf sex significantly (P<0.01) affected the CBW in all breed groups except M56 and M63. Male calves weighed significantly (P<0.01) heavier than female calves in the earlier breed group. Calf mortality ranged between 3.49 - 7.27%. The highest calf mortality at birth was observed in M75 (7.27%) followed by M50-3 (6.8%) and M75-1 (5.66%). The lowest mortality was observed in M50-1. M50, M50-1, M63 and M75-1 had better performance on CBW. Higher Friesian grades calf mortality rate was higher than lower Friesian grades. The non genetic factor year of birth only affected GL, but most of the genetic and non genetic factors significantly (P<0.05) affected the CBW.

Gestation length, birth weight and growth rates of pure-bred indigenous goats and their crosses in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
East African ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Indigenous Goats

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

scholarly journals The Effect of China’s Two-Child Policy on the Child Sex Ratio: Evidence From Shanghai, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 004695802110679
Author(s):  
Di Tang ◽  
Xiangdong Gao ◽  
Jiaoli Cai ◽  
Peter. C. Coyte
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Municipal Level

Objective: The bias towards males at birth has resulted in a major imbalance in the Chinese sex ratio that is often attributed to China’s one-child policy. Relaxation of the one-child policy has the potential to reduce the imbalance in the sex ratio away from males. In this study, we assessed whether the bias towards males in the child sex ratio was reduced as a result of the two-child policy in China. Medical records data from one large municipal-level obstetrics hospital in Shanghai, East China. Design: Matching and difference-in-differences (MDID) techniques were used to investigate the effect of the two-child policy on the imbalance in the sex ratio at birth after matching for pregnancy status and socioeconomic factors. Results: Analyzing 133,358 live births suggest that the relaxation of the one-child policy had a small, but statistically significant effect in reducing the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that relaxation of the one-child policy reduced the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth from 1.10 to 1.05 over the study period at one of the major obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in China.

scholarly journals Factors affecting growth traits of beef cattle breeds raised inSlovakia

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Krupa ◽  
M. Oravcová ◽  
P. Polák ◽  
J. Huba ◽  
Z. Krupová
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sex Effect ◽  
Beef Cattle Breeds

Growth traits of purebred calves of six beef breeds (Aberdeen Angus &ndash; AA, Blonde d&rsquo;Aquitaine &ndash; BA, Charolais &ndash; CH,Hereford &ndash; HE, Limousine &ndash; LI and Beef Simmental &ndash; BS) born from 1998 to 2002 were analysed. Traits under study were birth weight (BW), weight at 120 days (W120), weight at 210 days &ndash; weaning weight (WW), weight at 365 days &ndash; yearling weight (YW) and average daily gains from birth to 120 days (ADG1), from birth to 210 days (ADG2), from birth to 365 days (ADG3), from 120 to 210 days (ADG4). General linear model with class effects of breed, dam&rsquo;s age at calving, sex, herd-year-season (HYS) and covariation of age at weighing was used for analyses. All effects significantly affected both weight and gain traits except for dam&rsquo;s age that was significant for BW, W120, YW and ADG3, and age at weighing that was significant for W120, WW, YW, ADG2, ADG3, ADG4. Estimated least squares means of growth traits were compared using Scheffe&rsquo;s multiple-range tests. Highest BW (40.57&nbsp;kg) and W120 (172.43 kg) were found for BA calves. BS calves had highest WW (260.30 kg), YW (424.07 kg), ADG1 (1&nbsp;154&nbsp;g), ADG2 (1 053 g), ADG3 (1 054 g) and ADG4 (1 098 g). Highest BW, YW, ADG3 and ADG4 were found for males-singles. Males-twins had highest W120, WW, ADG1 and ADG2. Calves descending from 5&ndash;7 years old dams had highest BW, W120, WW, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG4. The proportion of variability of growth traits explained by HYS effect (42.96&ndash;71.69%) was high, whereas proportions of variability explained by SEX effect (2.03&ndash;5.77%), age of dam (1.02&ndash;2.24%) and breed (1.05&ndash;2.21%) were low. Residuals accounted for 23.71 up to 53.79% of total variance. &nbsp;

scholarly journals ACTR-38. A SINGLE CENTER STUDY: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF COMBINED CHEMORADIATION THERAPY WITH TEMOZOLOMIDE FOR NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA IN KOREAN PATIENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi21-vi21
Author(s):  
Kyeong-O Go ◽  
Ha Young Yang ◽  
Kihwan Hwang ◽  
Jung Ho Han ◽  
Hyoung Soo Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Korean Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Abstract In newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM), Temozolomide (TMZ) during and after radiation therapy has become standard treatment. This study describes the long-term use and follow-up results of this therapy for GBM. From 2004 to 2013 in a single institute, 112 Korean patients with newly diagnosed GBM were analyzed retrospectively. The Kaplan-Meier method, the two-sided log-rank test and Cox’s regression analysis was used to determine survival and its affecting factors. The toxicities of TMZ were evaluated using CTCAE v5.0. During the median follow-up period of 18.8 months, median PFS and OS were 9.2 and 20.3 months, respectively. This better survival outcome than the Stupp’s original study might be probably a large treatment effect of a single institution, ethnicity, and associated genetic factors. The TMZ during radiation therapy was completed in 108 patients (96.4%) and TMZ after radiation therapy in 59 patients (52.7%). Eight patients presented with grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxic effects during the protocol. Sixty-six patients (58.9%) received salvage treatment because of the poor response to adjuvant treatment or progression of the disease who achieved completion of adjuvant treatment was shown significantly longer median OS (p= 0.007) and PFS (p< 0.001). Age (< 60 years), preoperative KPS score (≥ 90), the extent of resection (≥ 78% by volumetric measurement, gross total resection), and completion of the Stupp’s protocol were significant factors affecting better survival. Between the sexes, and ages over 65 years did not show any significant difference among their groups. With marginal significances, the mutated IDH-1 and the methylated MGMT promoter showed longer median PFS(p= 0.075 and 0.777, respectively) and OS (p= 0.085 and 0.131, respectively). TMZ during and after radiation therapy might be effective and safe for newly diagnosed Korean patients with GBM. Further studies about various clinical and genetic factors affecting better survival are mandatory.

Factors affecting pre-weaning growth and weaning conformation of Angus cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
R Barlow ◽  
EB Dettmann ◽  
LG Williams
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Weaning weight (ww) and conformation score (cs) records from Angus calves in five New South Wales herds were analysed by least-squares procedures to assess the nature and magnitude of variation. Herd, year, age of dam and sex were considered as main effects. Covariates included in the models were weaning age (WA) for ww and average daily gain (ADG), and both WA and ww for cs. Male calves (steers and bulls) were 16.6 kg heavier at weaning than female calves. Dams that were 5-8 years of age weaned calves that were 30.1 kg, 15.4 kg and 6.7 kg heavier than 2-, 3- and 4-year-old dams respectively. When ww was not included as a covariate in the model, age of dam effects on cs reflected those on ww, and there was little difference in cs between males and females. When adjusted for differences in ww, males had poorer cs than females, and calves from 3-year-old dams, and from dams over 8 years old, had poorer cs than those from dams of all other ages. Partial regressions of ww and ADG on WA, and of cs on ww, varied considerably between herd/year/sex subgroups.

scholarly journals Reproductive aspects of the gulf pipefish, Syngnathus scovelli (Teleostei: Syngnathidae), from Southeastern Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. GASPARINI ◽  
R. L. TEIXEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Immature Male ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

This study attempts to assess the relationship between fecundity and fertility of males and females of the gulf pipefish, Syngnathus scovelli. Specimens of this pipefish were collected in detached algae in the inner surf-zone of a dissipative sandy beach in southeastern Brazil. 97 specimens were collected, and they were associates to detached algae. From these, 14 were males, 36 females and 47 immature. Male-female sex ratio was 0.4:1, which was significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio. Fish ranged from 43 to 98 mm TL (Fig. 1), and males and females showed similar size. Only 7 males were pregnants, while 9 females had hydrated oocytes. Minimum number of eggs/embryos in the pouch was 30 and the maximum 92. Minimum number of hydrated oocytes was 36, and the maximum was 165. The number of egg/embryos, and hydrated oocytes were weakly related to total length. It seems that the gulf pipefish occupy the inner surf-zone of the Praia do Iate are brought to the shallows accidentally when the specimens were inhabiting drifting vegetation.

A note on non-genetic factors affecting body weights of Bikaneri sheep (Magra strain)

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Chopra ◽  
R. M. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Body Weights

SUMMARYThe least squares analysis on birth, weaning, 6-month and yearling weights in Magra lambs showed that years of lambing, age and weight of dam at lambing and sex of lamb significantly affected all the body weights except the age of dam which did not significantly affect 6-month and yearling weights. Adjustment of these weights for significant effect will be necessary in obtaining estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters.

scholarly journals Noninvasive genetic census of greater one-horned rhinocerosRhinoceros unicornisin Gorumara National Park, India: a pilot study for population estimation

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udayan Borthakur ◽  
Pranjal Kumar Das ◽  
Anjan Talukdar ◽  
Bibhab Kumar Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
National Park ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Population Estimation ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Male To Female

AbstractThe greater one-horned rhinocerosRhinoceros unicornisis a flagship species for conservation in protected areas in India and Nepal. In India the species is afforded the highest level of legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. Although censuses of greater one-horned rhinoceros have been carried out for decades using the traditional total count method, no advanced scientific approach has been adopted for population estimation of the species in India or elsewhere. We optimized noninvasive genetic techniques for identification of greater one-horned rhinoceros from dung samples, and applied these to estimate the number of rhinoceros in Gorumara National Park, in West Bengal, India. Our results confirmed the presence of 43 individuals from 60 dung samples collected throughout the Park in 2011. We confirmed a male-to-female sex ratio of 3.8 : 1, based on analysis of DNA from dung samples, using a y-chromosome linked marker. Our results are in concordance with a census carried out by the West Bengal Forest Department that found 42 rhinoceros in the Park, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 3.5 : 1. Our study thus demonstrates the feasibility of using a noninvasive genetic approach for population estimation of greater one-horned rhinoceros in the wild.

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