Lower total serum protein, albumin, and beta- and gamma-globulin in major and treatment-resistant depression: Effects of antidepressant treatments

1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fran Van Hunsel ◽  
Annick Wauters ◽  
Eric Vandoolaeghe ◽  
Hugo Neels ◽  
Paul Demedts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Antidepressant Treatments ◽  
Resistant Depression

Automated Procedure for Simultaneously Measuring Total Globulin and Total Protein in Serum

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Savory ◽  
M Geraldine Heintges ◽  
Robert E Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
A Minor

Abstract An automated continuous-flow procedure has been developed for simultaneously measuring total serum protein and globulin. The method for total protein is a minor modification of an existing automated method in which the biuret reagent is used. Total globulin is measured by reaction with glyoxylic acid, and standardized with N-acetyltryptophan. An empirical factor relating concentration of N-acetyltryptophan to human globulin has been derived. Values for total serum globulin obtained by this new automated procedure correlate closely with values obtained by electrophoresis, but do not agree with values obtained by use of procedures involving binding of anionic dye. Recovery of gamma globulin added to serum is essentially quantitative; the day-to-day precision (CV) is 4.31%.

scholarly journals The Metabolism of Serum Proteins in Neonatal Rabbits

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria P. Deichmiller ◽  
Frank J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Newborn Animals

1. Incorporation of S35-labeled amino acids into serum proteins has been studied in neonatal and developing rabbits. It was found that, per unit weight, neonatal rabbits synthesized only about 1/36 of the gamma globulin, 1/7 of the beta globulin, ½ of the alpha globulin, and ⅛ of the albumin that an adult synthesized. The growing rabbit developed the ability to synthesize various serum proteins at different times. 2. Plasma volumes and serum protein concentrations were determined at different times during the growth period of the rabbit. Plasma volumes were found to be 1 and ½ times larger in newborn animals than in adults, with a gradual decline to the adult level. The total serum protein concentration at birth was about 60 to 65 per cent of the adult value and gradually increased with growth as the plasma volume decreased. 3. Half-lives of homologous albumin and gamma globulin were studied. The half-life of albumin in neonates was nearly twice as long as the half-life in adults, the latter value being reached at 1 month of age. The half-life of gamma globulin in neonates was more than twice as long as the half-life in adults and reached adult values at 2 to 3 months. 4. Attempts were made to alter serum protein metabolism. Gamma globulin synthesis early in life was augmented with antigen injections.

Serum Protein Values in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Additional Protein ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The present investigations were stimulated by an interest in the effect of feeding larger amounts of protein to premature infants than provided by human milk. Twenty-one premature infants between 1500 and 2400 gm in weight and 1 and 56 days of age were studied. The total serum protein and the serum-protein components were determined by paper electrophoresis. During an initial 8 weeks of the experiment the infants received human milk; later 10 of them received additional protein from a skimmed-milk preparation containing 89% casein. During the first 8 weeks the concentration of total protein in the serum decreased from 5.63 to 4.03 gm/100 ml. The decrease was in the albumin fraction (from 3 to 2 gm/100 ml) and the gammaglobulin fraction (from 1 to 0.5 gm/100 ml). The other globulin fractions remained constant. Casein added to the diet resulted in concentrations of total serum protein and serum albumin at higher levels, but the decrease with increasing age was not prevented. The decrease in gamma globulin, concurrent with increasing age, was not prevented by additional casein, on the contrary resulted in a further decrease. The author relates this to other studies in which a lower frequency of infection was found in premature infants fed on human milk than in infants fed on human milk with additional protein.

Venlafaxine and paroxetine in treatment-resistant depression

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-F. Poirier ◽  
P. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Antidepressant Treatments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Improvement Score ◽  
Treat Patient

BackgroundAbout one-third of patients fail to respond to initial antidepressant therapy, which suggests a need for more effective drugs.AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine and paroxetine in 122 patients with non-chronic treatment-resistant depression.MethodIn-patients or out-patients satisfying DSM – III – R criteria for major depression in evolution for less than eight months, having a baseline HAM–D score 18 and a HAM – D Item 3 score < 3 were eligible. Patients were required to have a history of resistance to two previous antidepressant treatments and a CGI improvement score of 3 at the beginning of treatment. Doses were adjusted to 200–300 mg/day for venlafaxine and 30–40 mg/day for paroxetine.ResultsFor the observed-case analysis, the response rate was 51.9% for venlafaxine and 32.7% for paroxetine (P=0.044), and a remission was achieved in 42.3% of venlafaxine-treated and 20.0% of paroxetine-treated patients (P=0.01). The incidence of adverse effects was comparable between treatment groups.ConclusionsVenlafaxine showed some evidence of superiority to paroxetine in this difficult-to-treat patient population.

Treatment resistant depression and Axis I co-morbidity

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1223-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. PETERSEN ◽  
J. A. GORDON ◽  
A. KANT ◽  
M. FAVA ◽  
J. F. ROSENBAUM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Antidepressant Treatments ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
And Gender

Background. Treatment resistant depression (TRD) continues to present a formidable challenge to clinicians, accounts for over half of the annual costs associated with treatment for depression and causes great frustration to patients. Although there have been studies attempting to define TRD, little information is available as to the cause of TRD. One suggestion is that patients with TRD have a greater frequency of co-morbid psychiatric disorders, which explains their resistance to standard antidepressant treatments. The objective of this study was to compare the co-morbidity of Axis I disorders between a sample of TRD patients and a sample of non-TRD patients.Methods. TRD and non-TRD patients, recruited from two separate antidepressant treatment studies, were assessed for Axis I co-morbidity using the SCID-P for the DSM-III-R. Patients for the two samples were then matched for baseline HAM-D-17 total score and gender.Results. Results reveal that non-TRD patients had a higher rate of both lifetime and current generalized anxiety disorder co-morbidity than did the TRD patients. No other statistically significant differences in Axis I co-morbidity were found.Conclusions. These findings do not support the idea that current or lifetime Axis I co-morbidity is more common in TRD than non-TRD patients. In fact, the only statistical difference showed non-TRD patients with higher co-morbidity rates.

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