Individual differences in tonic immobility may reflect behavioural strategies

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans W Erhard ◽  
Michael Mendl ◽  
Stine B Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Long-term consistency despite cross-seasonal changes in personality traits of common waxbills

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 781-806
Author(s):  
Soraia Guerra ◽  
Ana Cristina R. Gomes ◽  
Gonçalo C. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Proactive Behaviour

Abstract Tests of long-term consistency in personality differences are not abundant. We studied personality in common waxbills (Estrilda astrild) from one Autumn to the next, and also from Autumn to a subsequent Spring, using a behavioural assay for their proactive-reactive personality axis (mirror test) and for tonic immobility. From one Autumn to the next, individual differences were consistent and the population median behaviours did not change, indicating long-term stability of personality differences. From Autumn to Spring, behavioural differences remained consistent, despite the population shifting to more proactive behaviour and individual differences being accentuated in the proactive-reactive personality axis. This increase in personality differences was not found between the two previous Autumns, suggesting a seasonal rather than longitudinal change, and a possible role for personality differences during the Spring breeding season. We conclude that waxbill personality differences are stable in the long term, despite changes in behaviour between Autumn and Spring.

Inter-individual differences of calling and exploratory behaviour in a lebinthine cricket species hint at different mate-finding strategies

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ming Kai Tan ◽  
Stefan Schöneich ◽  
Tony Robillard
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Syndrome ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Active Exploration ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Abstract Individual fitness can be boosted by behavioural strategies that maximise mate-finding probability while minimising predation risk. Animals that use acoustics to find mates may benefit from using both stationary calling and active exploration, but these also expose them to different types of predators. Studying calling and searching behaviours concurrently allows us to understand their evolutionary trade-offs between survival and reproduction. Unlike most other crickets, lebinthine males alternate between singing and exploration to find females, which offer a unique and excellent opportunity to test for inter-individual differences and behavioural syndrome between call properties and exploratory behaviours. Our data demonstrate that call properties and exploratory behaviour were repeatable. We did not, however, find that call properties correlate with exploration as some consistently exploratory individuals produce longer calls while others produce shorter calls. Our study suggests that lebinthine males use different combinations of calling and exploratory behaviours to cope with unpredictable risk–benefit scenarios.

scholarly journals Genetic trade-off between abilities to avoid attack and to mate: a cost of tonic immobility

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nakayama ◽  
Takahisa Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Antipredator Behaviour ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Syndromes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Consistent individual differences in correlated behaviours across contexts or situations, that is, behavioural syndromes, have recently been identified as an important factor shaping the evolution of behavioural traits, because of their potential for explaining trade-offs in behavioural responses. We examined a genetic link between abilities to mate and to avoid predation from the viewpoint of two genetically correlated behavioural traits; tonic immobility (TI), which is considered to be an antipredator behaviour, and activity levels in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum . Males derived from two strains artificially selected for divergent durations of TI were used in the present study: the L strain (with longer duration and higher frequency of TI) and the S strain (shorter duration and lower frequency of TI). We found that males of the L strain had higher survival rates in predatory environments than those of the S strain, and lower mating success even in predator-free environments. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study showing a genetic trade-off between abilities to mate and to avoid predation in relation to behavioural syndromes, using individuals exhibiting different behavioural strategies.

scholarly journals Cell Proliferation in the Adult Chicken Hippocampus Correlates With Individual Differences in Time Spent in Outdoor Areas and Tonic Immobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Armstrong ◽  
Bernhard Voelkl ◽  
Sabine Voegeli ◽  
Sabine G. Gebhardt-Henrich ◽  
Jonathan H. Guy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Adult Chicken

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Inter-individual variation shapes the human microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Wissel ◽  
Leigh K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Microbiome Research

Abstract The target article suggests inter-individual variability is a weakness of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research, but we discuss why it is actually a strength. We comment on how accounting for individual differences can help researchers systematically understand the observed variance in microbiota composition, interpret null findings, and potentially improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in future clinical microbiome research.

Why Speech-Language Clinicians Should Be in the Classroom

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Wadle
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Regular Classroom ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Therapy Room

Lack of training is only an excuse for not collaborating outside of the therapy room. With our present training, speech-language clinicians have many skills to share in the regular classroom setting. This training has provided skills in task analysis, a language focus, an appreciation and awareness of individual differences in learning, and motivational techniques.

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