Comparison of CT Scan and Electron Microscopic Findings on Endoscopically Harvested Middle Turbinates

1998 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Biedlingmaier ◽  
Anna Trifillis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Middle Turbinate ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Grade Iii

CT scans of eight nonsmoking patients with chronic sinusitis and two controls were graded for their disease severity (from 0 to IV) with the classification system proposed by May. Subsequently, endoscopically harvested middle turbinate specimens from these patients (16 diseased turbinates, 4 controls) were evaluated both by scanning and by transmission electron microscopy. As the severity of the disease increased as demonstrated by CT scan, electron microscopy of 5 × 3 × 0.05 mm mucosal specimens demonstrated that the number of ciliated cells decreased whereas the number of goblet and squamous cells increased. As the disease progressed to stages III and IV, scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated areas of squamous metaplasia and areas completely denuded of epithelium. The increased goblet cell population, the loss of cilia and ciliated cells, and the patches of denuded epithelium may account for the recurrent bacterial infections and chronic nasal drainage seen in patients with chronic sinusitis. The extensive mucosal changes that occur in grade III and IV disease are similar to those occurring in cigarette smokers, and it takes years to recover after discontinuation of smoking. Delayed recovery of the mucosal epithelium may account for both the recurrent infections and the slower response to treatment on the part of patients with extensive grade III and IV changes on the CT scan.

Effect of the Radioprotector WR2721 on Irradiation-Induced Injury to Ciliated Cells of Eustachian Tube

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy T. K. Jung ◽  
Young Min Park ◽  
David Panossian ◽  
Douglas Weeks ◽  
Stanley K. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Irradiation Injury ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Serous Otitis Media ◽  
Experimental Group

Our previous studies revealed that injury to the ciliated cells of the eustachian tube may be the primary cause of irradiation-induced serous otitis media. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the radioprotector WR2721 on irradiation-induced injury to ciliated cells of the eustachian tube (ET) in chinchillas. Twelve chinchillas were divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group, which was pretreated with a single intraperitoneal dose of the radioprotector S-2-[3-aminopropylamino]ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR2721) 400 mg/kg. The two groups were exposed to 30 Gy of 13-MeV electrons in a single fraction to the area of the bullae and nasopharynx. Ciliary dysfunction was tested and ciliated cells of the ET were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pretreatment with WR2721 was found to protect ciliated cells of the ET from irradiation injury.

Bacterial Location in Chronic Sinusitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Ebenfelt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sinus Mucosa

Background In chronic nonallergic sinusitis, it is often assumed that bacteria invade the sinus mucosa where the inflammatory condition begins and is maintained. However, the bacterial presence in a normal or moderately damaged epithelial layer has never been proved in biopsy studies. Methods In this study, mucosal samples from six consecutive patients with chronic sinusitis were examined. Transmission electron microscopy was used and the presence of bacterial invasion and formation of phagosomes containing bacteria as a marker of host response were studied. Results Phagocytosis of bacteria was observed in the sinus mucosa in samples from only one patient. In the other five patients, no signs of phagocytosis were seen. Conclusion Based on these results, we concluded that in chronic sinusitis, bacterial invasion in sinus mucosa is not an obligatory phenomenon.

scholarly journals Profil Distribusi dan Klirens Pengkontras CT SCAN AuNP-PAMAM G4- NIMOTUZUMAB disimulasikan menggunakan Senyawa 198AuNP-PAMAM G4-NIMOTUZUMAB

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adang H G ◽  
Anung Pujiyanto ◽  
Abdul Mutalib ◽  
Rista A S ◽  
Indrarini L ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tem Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sds Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate

Riset nanopartikel emas sebagai senyawa pengkontras CT-Scan telahdimulai sejak 3 tahun lalu di Indonesia. Riset interaksi antibodi monoklonal,khususnya nimotuzumab, dengan reseptor EGFR/HER1 dimulai sejak lima tahun lalu dan telah dimanfaatkan untuk penyiapan senyawa pengkontras MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) spesifik target melalui pelabelan konjugat dendrimer-nimotuzumab dengan radionuklida. Sintesis senyawa AuNP-PAMAM G4-Nimotuzumab untuk diagnosis dan terapi pada kanker paru-paru telah berhasil dilakukan di PTRR dan hasil karakterisasinya dengan menggunakan beberapa metode seperti KCKT (Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi), SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate) page elektroforesa dan TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang terbentuk adalah sebagai AuNP-PAMAM G4-Nimotuzumab. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji pre klinis dari senyawa pengkontras AuNPPAMAM G4-nimotuzumab meliputi uji distribusi dan klirens dengan disimulasikan menggunakan senyawa radioaktiv 198AuNP-PAMAM G4- nimotuzumab. Hasil uji distribusi senyawa 198AuNP-PAMAM G4- nimotuzumab menunjukkan penimbunan pada beberapa organ seperti ginjal, hati dan limpa, sedangkan dari hasil uji klirens diperoleh waktu paruh biologis senyawa tersebut adalah 11.77 hari. Hasil pemeriksaan terhadap urin dengan menggunakan kolom PD-10 (Sephadex G25) menunjukkan bahwa ~ 85 % yang dikeluarkan lewat urin masih berbentuk AuNP-PAMAM G4- Nimotuzumab. Hasil pencitraan dengan alat autoradiography menunjukkan bahwa sampai dengan 48 jam setelah penyuntikan, akumulasi radioaktivitas yang terdeteksi masih terdapat pada hati. 

scholarly journals Preparation of Terpenoid-Invasomes with Selective Activity against S. aureus and Characterization by Cryo Transmission Electron Microscopy

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard P. Kaltschmidt ◽  
Inga Ennen ◽  
Johannes F. W. Greiner ◽  
Robin Dietsch ◽  
Anant Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Airway Infections ◽  
Mediate Cell ◽  
Selective Activity

Terpenoids are natural plant-derived products that are applied to treat a broad range of human diseases, such as airway infections and inflammation. However, pharmaceutical applications of terpenoids against bacterial infection remain challenging due to their poor water solubility. Here, we produce invasomes encapsulating thymol, menthol, camphor and 1,8-cineol, characterize them via cryo transmission electron microscopy and assess their bactericidal properties. While control- and cineol-invasomes are similarly distributed between unilamellar and bilamellar vesicles, a shift towards unilamellar invasomes is observable after encapsulation of thymol, menthol or camphor. Thymol- and camphor-invasomes show a size reduction, whereas menthol-invasomes are enlarged and cineol-invasomes remain unchanged compared to control. While thymol-invasomes lead to the strongest growth inhibition of S. aureus, camphor- or cineol-invasomes mediate cell death and S. aureus growth is not affected by menthol-invasomes. Flow cytometric analysis validate that invasomes comprising thymol are highly bactericidal to S. aureus. Notably, treatment with thymol-invasomes does not affect survival of Gram-negative E. coli. In summary, we successfully produce terpenoid-invasomes and demonstrate that particularly thymol-invasomes show a strong selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Our findings provide a promising approach to increase the bioavailability of terpenoid-based drugs and may be directly applicable for treating severe bacterial infections such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

Collagenous Ultrastructure of the Torn Medial Meniscus Posterior Root: A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 3221-3228
Author(s):  
Young-Jin Seo ◽  
Sung-Jae Kim ◽  
Dawoon Jung ◽  
Jeehyoung Kim ◽  
Young-Soo Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Mechanical Axis ◽  
Posterior Root ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Grade Iii

Background: The collagen ultrastructure of torn medial meniscus posterior roots (MMPRs) has not been precisely defined. Purpose: To investigate the ultrastructure of torn MMPRs, focusing on their collagen fibers, and to compare the collagen net architecture between intact and torn MMPRs using the Collagen Meniscal Architecture (CMA) scoring system. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Forty-three human meniscal specimens were obtained from 32 patients with osteoarthritis during total knee arthroplasty between January 2018 and November 2018. There were 23 specimens taken from patients with an MMPR tear and 20 taken from patients without an MMPR tear served as a control group. The presence of an MMPR tear was defined as a complete radial tear within 9 mm of the posterior root attachment. The collagen ultrastructure of the meniscal specimens was assessed with transmission electron microscopy using the CMA scoring system. Patient demographics included sex, age, and body mass index, and radiographic assessments included the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading system and the mechanical axis angle. Results: The median CMA score was significantly higher in torn MMPRs (5.5 [interquartile range, 3.5-6.0]) than in intact MMPRs (2.0 [interquartile range, 1.5-3.8]) ( P < .001). When the CMA scores were converted to CMA grading, 23 torn MMPRs had 1 grade I, 9 grade II, and 13 grade III menisci. In 20 intact MMPRs, there were 12 grade I, 7 grade II, and 1 grade III menisci. No significant differences in sex, age, body mass index, K-L grade, or mechanical axis angle were found between groups. Conclusion: This study showed that torn MMPRs had decreased numbers and disorganized courses of collagen fibers. The structural problem of torn MMPRs can negatively affect meniscal healing, function, and long-term survival after root repair. Clinical Relevance: These results might provide a histopathological reason for the low healing rate after MMPR repair.

Ultrastructure of Mucous Blanket in Otitis Media with Effusion

1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Inagaki ◽  
Yasuo Sakakura ◽  
Yuichi Majima ◽  
Takeshi Shimizu ◽  
Kotaro Ukai
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Ciliary Movement ◽  
Mucous Layer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Lucent

We used transmission electron microscopy to study the mucous blanket of the promontory from children with otitis media with effusion. The vast majority of the epithelial cells were secretory, and the rest were ciliated. The mucous blanket consisted of the electron-lucent periciliary fluid and the mucous layer. In the mucous layer, two layers were identified: An inner layer with migrating cells, and an outer layer with specks. Moreover, there was a lucent zone over the nonciliated surface that was as high as the microvilli. The thickness of the periciliary layer was predominantly as great as that of the ciliary tips, which just make contact with the mucous layer; however, the mucous layer occasionally penetrated into the periciliary space. These findings indicated that there is a mucociliary dysfunction in the middle ear caused by a decrease in the number of ciliated cells, and an abnormal interaction between cilia and mucus that would interfere with ciliary movement. Thus, such a system would fail to transport the mucous blanket.

Techniques for Transmission Electron Microscopy of Fiber-Matrix Interfaces in Aluminum Alloy-Boron Composites by Ion Erosio

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
G. G. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fiber Matrix ◽  
Ion Erosion ◽  
Row Of Fibers

The morphology and composition of the fiber-matrix interface can best be studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. For some composites satisfactory samples can be prepared by electropolishing. For others such as aluminum alloy-boron composites ion erosion is necessary.When one wishes to examine a specimen with the electron beam perpendicular to the fiber, preparation is as follows: A 1/8 in. disk is cut from the sample with a cylindrical tool by spark machining. Thin slices, 5 mils thick, containing one row of fibers, are then, spark-machined from the disk. After spark machining, the slice is carefully polished with diamond paste until the row of fibers is exposed on each side, as shown in Figure 1.In the case where examination is desired with the electron beam parallel to the fiber, preparation is as follows: Experimental composites are usually 50 mils or less in thickness so an auxiliary holder is necessary during ion milling and for easy transfer to the electron microscope. This holder is pure aluminum sheet, 3 mils thick.

Direct Observation of Heat Exchanger Deposits by Cross Sectioning

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
R. W. Anderson ◽  
D. L. Senecal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Deposit Layer

A problem was presented to observe the packing densities of deposits of sub-micron corrosion product particles. The deposits were 5-100 mils thick and had formed on the inside surfaces of 3/8 inch diameter Zircaloy-2 heat exchanger tubes. The particles were iron oxides deposited from flowing water and consequently were only weakly bonded. Particular care was required during handling to preserve the original formations of the deposits. The specimen preparation method described below allowed direct observation of cross sections of the deposit layers by transmission electron microscopy.The specimens were short sections of the tubes (about 3 inches long) that were carefully cut from the systems. The insides of the tube sections were first coated with a thin layer of a fluid epoxy resin by dipping. This coating served to impregnate the deposit layer as well as to protect the layer if subsequent handling were required.

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