Synthesis and Characterization of Cu2FeSnSe4 Nanofilms

Well dispersed Cu2FeSnSe4 (CFTSe) nanofilms were synthesized by hot-injection method. The structural and morphological measurements were characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), Raman spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Chemical composition and optical properties of as-synthesized CFTSe nanoparticles were characterized using EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The average particle size of the nanoparticles was about 7-10 nm. The UV-Vis absorption spectra showed that the synthesized CFTS nanofilms have a band gap (Eg) of about 1.16 eV. Photo-electrochemical characteristics of CFTSe nanoparticles were studied and indicated their potential application in photovoltaic applications.

Role of Nanocrystallites of Al-Based Glasses and H2O2 in Degradation Azo Dyes

Al-based metallic glasses have a special atomic structure and should have a unique degradation ability in azo dye solutions. The Al88Ni9Y3 (Y3), Al85Ni9Y6 (Y6) and Al82Ni9Y9 (Y9) glassy ribbons are melt spun and used in degrading methyl orange (MO) azo dye solution with adding H2O2. With increasing cY, the as-spun ribbons have an increasing GFA (glass formability) and gradually decreased the degradation rate of MO solution. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) results show that the Y3 ribbon has nano-scale crystallites, which may form the channels to transport elements to the surface for degrading the MO solution. After adding H2O2, the degradation efficiency of Al-based glasses is improved and the Y6 ribbon has formed nano-scale crystallites embedded in the amorphous matrix and it has the largest improvement in MO solution degradation. These results indicate that forming nano-scale crystallites and adding H2O2 are effective methods to improve the degradation ability of Al-based glasses in azo dye solutions.

Pollen grain micromorphology in some genera of Ornithogaleae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae) and its relative significance

In this research, the pollen micromorphology of nine species belonging to Honorius, Loncomelos, Ornithogalum and Stellarioides are observed by LM (Light Microscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and two species by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). Lately, the phylogenetic studies have determined nineteen monophyletic genera in subfamily Ornithogaloideae (=tribe Ornithogaleae). Our results show that the pollen grains characters such as shape, size, exine ornamentation on equatorial surface, sulcus margin exine ornamentation, sulcus membrane ornamentation and lumina number on exine surface are varied among all studied genera. The dendrogram of palynological characters analyzed on LM and SEM observation by MVSP (Multi Variate Statistical Package) software partly supports the monophyletic genera. According to the obtained palynological dendrogram, Loncomelos arcuatum and Ornithogalum sintenisii are placed in one subtype. Based on the sporoderm structure (exine thickness and the endexine type), L. arcuatum differs from O. sintenisii. Finally, the palynological characters can be useful for clarifying the taxonomic relationship in this subfamily.

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI MIKROEMULGEL DARI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.)

Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab jerawat. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antijerawat adalah daun sirsak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan formulasi ekstrak daun sirsak dan evaluasinya, sehingga memiliki stabilitas yang baik. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengekstraksi daun sirsak menggunakan metode maserasi, kemudian dilakukan fermentasi untuk membandingkan konsentrasi hambat minimum yang lebih efektif sebagai antibakteri Staphyloccoccus aureus. Setelah itu, dibuat 9 formula mikroemulsi dengan variasi konsentrasi dan jenis kosurfaktan yaitu Tegocare® dan Plantacare®. Pemilihan formula mikroemulsi terbaik dipilih berdasarkan evaluasi secara organoleptik. Terhadap mikroemulsi terbaik dilakukan karakterisasi lainnya seperti pengujian freeze and thaw, uji sentrifugasi dan uji TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). Evaluasi sediaan mikroemulgel meliputi organoleptik, pH, viskositas, homogenitas, dan daya sebar selama penyimpanan 28 hari, serta uji panelis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan (sig > 0,05) antara ekstrak fermentasi dan nonfermentasi, sehingga ekstrak nonfermentasi digunakan dalam formulasi dengan konsentrasi 10 mg/ml. Mikroemulsi dengan kosurfaktan Plantacare® 10% merupakan formula mikroemulsi terpilih. Pada pengujian freeze and thaw, mikroemulsi stabil sampai siklus kelima, sedangkan pada pengujian TEM mikroemulsi memiliki ukuran partikel sebesar 50,0 nm. Mikroemulsi terpilih diinkorporasi ke dalam 3 formula basis gel (Viscolam®) dengan variasi konsentrasi 8% - 10%. Dari hasil analisis menggunakan ANOVA, nilai pH pada ketiga formula tersebut tidak konstan (sig < 0,05), sedangkan untuk nilai viskositas hanya formula II (konsentrasi 9%) yang konstan pada nilai sig > 0,05.

Profil Distribusi dan Klirens Pengkontras CT SCAN AuNP-PAMAM G4- NIMOTUZUMAB disimulasikan menggunakan Senyawa 198AuNP-PAMAM G4-NIMOTUZUMAB

Riset nanopartikel emas sebagai senyawa pengkontras CT-Scan telahdimulai sejak 3 tahun lalu di Indonesia. Riset interaksi antibodi monoklonal,khususnya nimotuzumab, dengan reseptor EGFR/HER1 dimulai sejak lima tahun lalu dan telah dimanfaatkan untuk penyiapan senyawa pengkontras MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) spesifik target melalui pelabelan konjugat dendrimer-nimotuzumab dengan radionuklida. Sintesis senyawa AuNP-PAMAM G4-Nimotuzumab untuk diagnosis dan terapi pada kanker paru-paru telah berhasil dilakukan di PTRR dan hasil karakterisasinya dengan menggunakan beberapa metode seperti KCKT (Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi), SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate) page elektroforesa dan TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang terbentuk adalah sebagai AuNP-PAMAM G4-Nimotuzumab. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji pre klinis dari senyawa pengkontras AuNPPAMAM G4-nimotuzumab meliputi uji distribusi dan klirens dengan disimulasikan menggunakan senyawa radioaktiv 198AuNP-PAMAM G4- nimotuzumab. Hasil uji distribusi senyawa 198AuNP-PAMAM G4- nimotuzumab menunjukkan penimbunan pada beberapa organ seperti ginjal, hati dan limpa, sedangkan dari hasil uji klirens diperoleh waktu paruh biologis senyawa tersebut adalah 11.77 hari. Hasil pemeriksaan terhadap urin dengan menggunakan kolom PD-10 (Sephadex G25) menunjukkan bahwa ~ 85 % yang dikeluarkan lewat urin masih berbentuk AuNP-PAMAM G4- Nimotuzumab. Hasil pencitraan dengan alat autoradiography menunjukkan bahwa sampai dengan 48 jam setelah penyuntikan, akumulasi radioaktivitas yang terdeteksi masih terdapat pada hati.

A novel bacteriochlorin-gold nanoparticle construct for photoacoustic imaging

Herein we report the synthesis of new gold nanoparticle-bacteriochlorin conjugate (Au-NP-PS) as a highly efficient photoacoustic (PA) imaging agent. The conjugate was obtained by reacting a water soluble thio-bacteriochlorin (derived from bacteriochlorophyll-[Formula: see text] with Au-NP. The resulting NPs were characterized by UV-vis, TEM (transmission electron microscopy)/HRTEM (high resolution TEM) and diffraction pattern. The results obtained from in vitro studies suggest that due to conjugation between the PS and Au-NPs, the photoacoustic (PA) signals from the Au-NP-PS were greatly enhanced by a factor of 2.4 compared to that from PS alone.

Nanostructure of the rust formed on low alloy steels after exposure tests in a high SOx environment

Exposure tests were performed on low alloy steels in a high SOx environment, and the structure of the rust was analyzed by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and Raman spectroscopy.

Synthesis and Characterization of CdS Nanoparticles

CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by using PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) as macromolecular surfactant, N, N-dimethylformamide as solvent, cadmium acetate and thiourea as precursors. The optical properties and morphologies for the synthesized CdS nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) measurements. The results show that PVP could act as a better stabilizer for the formation of CdS nanoparticles in N, N-dimethylformamide. The obtained CdS nanoparticles have spherical morphology and a narrow size distribution. CdS nanoparticles could give an apparent extionic absorption peaks and quantum confinement effects.

Appearance of iron-labeled blood mononuclear cells in electron microscopy

Mononuclear cells from rabbit bone marrow were cultured for 14 days in cell-free medium for hematopoietic cells together with iron oxid nanoparticles, and then they were processed by technique for free cells for TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Staining with turnbull blue was used for the detection of iron using a light microscope. It was shown that iron nanoparticles were incorporated into the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells during 14 days cultivation. Here they were localized within different sized vacuoles with distinct membranes.