The role of cryptococcal latex antigen tests

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
M Backo
Keyword(s):  
Antigen Tests

The role of ultra-sensitive molecular methods for detecting malaria – the broader perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Kamaliddin ◽  
Colin J Sutherland ◽  
Sandrine Houze ◽  
Gilles Cottrell ◽  
Valerie Briand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Patient Screening ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conventional Tool

Abstract Ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostics are lowering the limit of detection for malaria parasites in the blood and providing insights not captured by conventional tool such as microscopy and rapid antigen tests. Low-level malaria infections identified by molecular tools may influence clinical outcomes, transmission events, and elimination efforts. While many ultra-sensitive molecular methods require well-equipped laboratories, technologies such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) or recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) provide more portable and analytically sensitive solutions. These tools may benefit asymptomatic patient screening, antenatal care, and elimination campaigns. We review the recent evidence, offer our perspective on the impact of these new tests and identify future research priorities.

scholarly journals Use of respirator vs. surgical masks in healthcare personnel and its impact on SARS-CoV-2 acquisition: a prospective multicentre cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Haller ◽  
Sabine Guesewell ◽  
Thomas Egger ◽  
Giulia Scanferla ◽  
Reto Thoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Mask Type ◽  
Multicentre Cohort Study ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multicentre Cohort

Background There is insufficient evidence regarding the role of respirators in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analysed the impact of filtering facepiece class 2 (FFP2) vs. surgical masks on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition among Swiss healthcare workers (HCW). Methods Our prospective multicentre cohort enrolled patient-facing HCWs from June to August 2020. Participants were asked about COVID-19 risk exposures/behaviours, including preferred mask type when caring for COVID-19 patients outside of aerosol-generating procedures (AGP). For those performing AGPs, we asked whether they used FFP2 irrespective of the patients COVID-19 status (i.e. universal use). The impact of FFP2 on i) self-reported SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal PCR/rapid antigen tests captured during weekly surveys, and ii) SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion between baseline and January/February 2021 was assessed. Results We enrolled 3259 participants from nine healthcare institutions, whereof 716 (22%) preferentially used FFP2 respirators. Among these, 81/716 (11%) reported a SARS-CoV-2-positive swab, compared to 352/2543 (14%) surgical mask users (median follow-up 242 days); seroconversion was documented in 85/656 (13%) FFP2 and 426/2255 (19%) surgical mask users. Adjusted for baseline characteristics, COVID-19 exposure, and risk behaviour, FFP2 use was non-significantly associated with a decreased risk for SARS-CoV-2-positive swab (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0, p=0.052) and seroconversion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.0, p=0.053); household exposure was the strongest risk factor (aHR for positive swab 10.1, p<0.001; aOR for seroconversion 5.0, p<0.001). In subgroup analysis, FFP2 use was clearly protective among those with frequent (>20 patients) COVID-19 exposure (aHR 0.7, p<0.001; aOR 0.6, p=0.035). Universal FFP2 use during AGPs showed no protective effect (aHR 1.1, p=0.7; aOR 0.9, p=0.53). Conclusion Respirators compared to surgical masks may convey additional protection from SARS-CoV-2 for HCW with frequent exposure to COVID-19 patients.

The role of cryptococcal latex antigen tests

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Backo ◽  
Lewis Tomalty ◽  
Wendy Wobeser
Keyword(s):  
Antigen Tests

scholarly journals Role of Rapid Antigen Test in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Aroop Mohanty ◽  
Ankita Kabi ◽  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
Vivek Hada
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Spread Of Infection

In the current world scenario where we are seeing of an alarming increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections, it is necessary that in addition to RT-PCR assays, there is development and standardization of other rapid and efficient diagnostic tests. In relation to the total number of confirmed cases, India ranks second only behind the United States and according to forecasts it will not be long before it reaches the first place. As in developing countries, such as India, it is difficult to implement molecular biology facilities in all centres, the creation of rapid antigen tests is increasingly common in the detection and diagnosis of cases of COVID-19 in an early stage limiting the spread of infection.”

scholarly journals The dark side of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing: screening asymptomatic patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Caruana ◽  
Laure-Line Lebrun ◽  
Oriane Aebischer ◽  
Onya Opota ◽  
Luis Urbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Antigen Testing

AbstractMost of the reports describing SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (RATs) performances derive from COVID-19 symptomatic subjects in outpatient settings during periods of highest incidence of infections and high rates of hospital admissions. Here we investigated the role of RATs in an Emergency Department, as a screening tool before admission for COVID-19 asymptomatic patients. Each patient was screened with two simultaneous nasopharyngeal swabs: one immediately analyzed at the bedside using RAT and the other sent to the laboratory for RT-PCR analysis. A total of 116 patients were screened at hospital admission in a 250-bed community hospital in Morges (EHC), Switzerland. With a disease prevalence of 6% based on RT-PCR results, RAT detected only two out of seven RT-PCR positive patients (sensitivity 28.6%) and delivered two false positive results (specificity 98.2%), thus resulting not fiable enough to be used as a screening method in this clinical scenario.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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