Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella typhi

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a signifi cant cause of morbidity and mortality. In Nepal, very few studies on BSIs have restricted the understanding of their cause, prevention and treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate BSIs causing pathogens and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in patients visiting Kathmandu ModelHospital during December 2012 to May 2013.Materials and Methods: Standard laboratory procedure was used to screen, isolate and identify the bacteria from 1,205 patients. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern (AST) was analyzed by modifi ed Kirby Bauer technique and data were analyzed using SPSS version-16.Results: Out of 1,205 blood samples, 186 (15.4 %) were culture positive. The most common bacteria isolated were: Salmonella spp., Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and CoNS. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causes of BSIs. Salmonella Typhi was isolated in 71 % cases of bloodstream infection followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A in 16 %, Escherichia coli in 5.3 % and Klebsiella pneumonia in 0.5 %. The gram-positive organism responsible for causing BSI was coagulase-negative staphylococcus in 7 % cases. There was no significant association between bacteremia and gender of the patients. During ASTs, Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Chloramphenicol with only 0.5 % resistivity. Salmonella Typhi (85.6 % of isolates) showed resistance to Nalidixic acid. Gram-positive bacteria showed 100 % sensitivity towards Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin and were least sensitive to Amoxicillin.Conclusion: Salmonella spp., was major cause of BSIs. Increase in antibiotic resistivity for BSI causing pathogens has necessitated continuous monitoring of the susceptibility of organisms towards antibiotics.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 71-75

Download Full-text

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in culture positive typhoid fever cases isolated at Patan hospital

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v9i1.23348 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1450-1452

Author(s):

Sanjay Kumar Shrestha ◽

Shova Basnet

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

National Committee ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

High Degree

Background: Enteric fever is one of the most common systemic infections of developing countries like Nepal. The changing trend of antibiotic susceptibility and increasing rate of resistance to the commonly used antibiotics has been of great concern in the proper treatment and prevention of this disease. This study aims to investigate the current antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi A and B. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at Patan hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal from ____ to -------. Blood culture sample were collected from suspected patients presenting to different departments of the hospital and tested microbiologically by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method and results were interpreted by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory (NCCLS) guidelines. Results: Out of the total sample of 212, 40(18.8%) cases were isolated as Salmonella species. Out of these, 29(72.5%) cases were S typhi and 11(27.5%) were S paratyphi. Isolates were mainly from adult age group. Regarding the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the sensitivity to chloramphenicol was 95% and to cotrimoxazole 97% whereas the sensitivity to ciprofloxacin was 52.5% and 27.5% for Ofloxacin. Nalidixic Acid Resistance Salmonella typhi strain was 60.0 percent. Sensitivity to ceftriaxone, meropenem and colistin was found to be 100 percent. Conclusions: A high degree of variability is seen in antimicrobial sensitivity pattern with very high degree of sensitivity to the historically used antibiotics like chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. Unfortunately, sensitivity to quinolones was seen to be very low, which were used widely in the last two decades.

Download Full-text

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Infected Lesions

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v16i41.1631 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (41) ◽

pp. 446-451

Author(s):

Jatan Bahadur Sherchan ◽

Pranita Gurung

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Wound Infection ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Number Of Patients

Background: Wound infection with multidrug resistant bacteria along with risk factors is a major burden and challenge to the health care persons. This study focuses on antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates and risk factors of patients with infected wounds.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between November 2017 to June 2018 in Kathmandu University Hospital. Pus sample and wound swabs collected from patients during the study period were included. All microbiological processing were done following standard guidelines and patient’s information was collected following ethical guidelines.Results: Total number of patients observed for wound infection was 2,763. Pathogenic bacteria were detected in 252(9.12%) samples. 167(66.27%) were multidrug resistant. 118(46.82%) had risk factors. Among risk factors 14 had malignancy, 12 had diabetes, 32 were above age 60 without other risk factors, 45 received prior antibiotics and had critical illness and 15 were renal failure patients. Multidrug resistant bacteria was detected more among patients with risk factors 101(85.59%) in comparison to patients without risk factor 66(49.25%). When p value was calculated it was found significant. (p=<0.05).Conclusions: Significant amount of multidrug resistant bacteria were found in wounds of patients with risk factors. Prevention of wound infection by taking care of postoperative wounds, controlling and treating the risk factors, avoiding misuse of antibiotics and early microbiological analysis of infected wound might help to reduce the burden in healthcare centers.Keywords: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase; methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus; multidrug resistant.

Download Full-text

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella Isolates in Shree Birendra Hospital Chhauni

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v4i0.21669 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Dhirendra Kunwar ◽

Sabita Bhatta ◽

Raina Chaudhary ◽

Komal Raj Rijal

Keyword(s):

Blood Sample ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Culture Positive

Objectives: This study was aimed to know the prevalence of Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: A total of 4619 febrile patients suspecting the cases of typhoid fever by clinician, attending at Shree Birendra hospital during May- November 2013 were subjected to culture. Blood sample (5ml) was collected from the suspected cases and inoculated immediately into 45ml of Brain heart infusion broth (BHI) and further processed for the identification of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates were determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 4619 blood sample, 8.7% (n= 403) sample were culture positive. Among culture positive, 66.3%(n=267) cases were S. Typhi, 26.1% (n=105) cases were S. Paratyphi and 7.7% (n=31) were other than Salmonella isolates respectively. Out of 372 Salmonella isolates, most of the S. Typhi isolates i.e. 95.51%(n=255) and S. Paratyphi isolates i.e. 97.14%(n=102) are highly resistant to nalidixic acid. Most of these isolates were also found resistant to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin.Conclusion: Therefore, screening of nalidixic acid susceptibility might be done prior to prescribe the drug for the treatment of enteric fever.

Download Full-text