XPS of Ti+TiN+(N,C) multilayer films deposited by filtered cathodic arc deposition with controlled feed gas flow rate

1999 ◽  
Vol 120-121 ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liuhe ◽  
Xia Lifang ◽  
Ma Xinxin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Multilayer Films ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Cathodic Arc Deposition ◽  
Cathodic Arc ◽  
Arc Deposition

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FLOW RATE IN REDUCING TIN MICRODROPLETS ON BIOMEDICAL TI-13ZR-13NB ALLOY

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Shah ◽  
S. Izman ◽  
M. A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Cathodic Arc

Cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD) is one of the promising techniques that have a potential to coat titanium nitride (TiN) on biomedical implants due to its good adhesion and high evaporation rate. However, this method emits microdroplets which have the possible detrimental effect on the coating performance. Past studies indicated that micro droplets can be controlled through proper deposition parameters. In the present work, an attempt was made to study the effect of nitrogen gas flow rates (100 to 300 sccm) on TiN coating of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb biomedical alloy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate surface morphology and coating thickness while crystal phase of the coated substrates was determined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Image analysis software was employed to quantify microdroplets counts. Results show that higher nitrogen gas flow rate able to decrease a significant amount of microdroplets and concurrently increase the thickness of TiN coating. A mixed crystal planes of (111) and (220) are obtained on the coated substrates at this setting which exhibits denser structure with higher adhesion strength as compared to substrates coated at the lower N2 gas flow rate.

Analysis on microstructure and characteristics of TiAlN/CrN nano-multilayer films deposited by cathodic arc deposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 518 (24) ◽  
pp. 7519-7522 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Sun ◽  
C.H. Hsu ◽  
S.H. Liu ◽  
C.Y. Su ◽  
C.K. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Films ◽  
Cathodic Arc Deposition ◽  
Cathodic Arc ◽  
Arc Deposition

Growth Defects and Surface Roughness in TiN-Coated Tool Steel at Various N2 Gas Flow Rates Using Cathodic Arc PVD Technique

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 965-970
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali ◽  
E. Hamzah ◽  
I.A. Qazi ◽  
M.R.M. Toff
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Line Profile ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Cathodic Arc

In the present study, titanium nitride coatings on tool steel were deposited using cathodic arc physical vapour deposition technique. We studied and discussed the effect of various nitrogen gas flow rate on the surface properties of TiN-coated steel. The coating properties investigated in this work include the surface morphology, surface roughness, line profile and fractal dimension analyses using atomic force microscope. Minimum values for surface roughness, line profile and fractal dimension analyses were recorded at nitrogen gas flow rate of 200 sccm. This is mainly because of the reduction in macro-droplets and minimization of the growth defects, usually produced during etching and deposition stages. Critical limit of nitrogen gas flow rate in TiN coatings were identified and considered an important aspect to understand the performance of TiN PVD-coated steel.

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN GAS FLOW RATE ON THE PROPERTIES OF TiN-COATED HIGH-SPEED STEEL (HSS) USING CATHODIC ARC EVAPORATION PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) TECHNIQUE

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 631-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI MUBARAK ◽  
ESAH BINTI HAMZAH ◽  
MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF ◽  
ABDUL HAKIM BIN HASHIM
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Cathodic Arc Evaporation ◽  
Arc Evaporation ◽  
Cathodic Arc

Cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) is a widely-used technique for generating highly ionized plasma from which hard and wear resistant physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings can be deposited. A major drawback of this technique is the emission of micrometer-sized droplets of cathode material from the arc spot, which are commonly referred to as "macroparticles." In present study, titanium nitride ( TiN ) coatings on high-speed steel (HSS) coupons were produced with a cathodic arc evaporation technique. We studied and discussed the effect of various nitrogen gas flow rates on microstructural and mechanical properties of TiN -coated HSS coupons. The coating properties investigated in this work included the surface morphology, thickness of deposited coating, adhesion between the coating and substrate, coating composition, coating crystallography, hardness and surface characterization using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) with glazing incidence angle (GIA) technique, scratch tester, hardness testing machine, surface roughness tester, and atomic force microscope (AFM). An increase in the nitrogen gas flow rate showed decrease in the formation of macro-droplets in CAE PVD technique. During XRD-GIA studies, it was observed that by increasing the nitrogen gas flow rate, the main peak [1,1,1] shifted toward the lower angular position. Surface roughness decreased with an increase in nitrogen gas flow rate but was higher than the uncoated polished sample. Microhardness of TiN -coated HSS coupons showed more than two times increase in hardness than the uncoated one. Scratch tester results showed good adhesion between the coating material and substrate. Considerable improvement in the properties of TiN -deposited thin films was achieved by the strict control of all operational steps.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

On the Influence of Fluctuating Flow Rate Upon the Performance and Behaviour of Isothermal Reacting Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-898
Author(s):  
Otakar Trnka ◽  
Miloslav Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reacting Systems

Three simple computational techniques are proposed and employed to demonstrate the effect of fluctuating flow rate of feed on the behaviour and performance of an isothermal, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A fluidized bed reactor (FBR), in which a non-catalytic gas-solid reaction occurs, is also considered. The influence of amplitude and frequency of gas flow rate fluctuations on reactant concentrations at the exit of the CSTR is shown in four different situations.

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