physical vapor deposition
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2022 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 111111
Author(s):  
Michael G. Eberhardt ◽  
Andrea M. Hodge ◽  
Paulo S. Branicio

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taikyu Kim ◽  
Cheol Hee Choi ◽  
Pilgyu Byeon ◽  
Miso Lee ◽  
Aeran Song ◽  
...  

AbstractAchieving high-performance p-type semiconductors has been considered one of the most challenging tasks for three-dimensional vertically integrated nanoelectronics. Although many candidates have been presented to date, the facile and scalable realization of high-mobility p-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) is still elusive. Here, we report a high-performance p-channel tellurium (Te) FET fabricated through physical vapor deposition at room temperature. A growth route involving Te deposition by sputtering, oxidation and subsequent reduction to an elemental Te film through alumina encapsulation allows the resulting p-channel FET to exhibit a high field-effect mobility of 30.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an ION/OFF ratio of 5.8 × 105 with 4-inch wafer-scale integrity on a SiO2/Si substrate. Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverters using In-Ga-Zn-O and 4-nm-thick Te channels show a remarkably high gain of ~75.2 and great noise margins at small supply voltage of 3 V. We believe that this low-cost and high-performance Te layer can pave the way for future CMOS technology enabling monolithic three-dimensional integration.


Author(s):  
Florian Mertes ◽  
Stefan Röttger ◽  
Annette Röttger

In this work, a novel approach for the standardization of low-level 222Rn emanation is presented. The technique is based on the integration of a 222Rn source, directly, with an α-particle detector, which allows the residual 222Rn to be continuously monitored. Preparation of the device entails thermal physical vapor deposition of 226RaCl2 directly onto the surface of a commercially available ion implanted Si-diode detector, resulting in a thin-layer geometry. This enables continuous collection of well resolved α-particle spectra of the nuclei, decaying within the deposited layer, with a detection efficiency of approximately 0.5 in a quasi 2π geometry. The continuously sampled α-particle spectra are used to derive the emanation by statistical inversion. It is possible to achieve this with high temporal resolution due to the small background and the high counting efficiency of the presented technique. The emanation derived in this way exhibits a dependence on the relative humidity of up to 15% in the range from 20% rH to 90% rH. Traceability to the SI is provided by employing defined solid-angle α-particle spectrometry to characterize the counting efficiency of the modified detectors. The presented technique is demonstrated to apply to a range covering the release of at least 1 to 210 222Rn atoms per second, and it results in SI-traceable emanation values with a combined standard uncertainty not exceeding 2%. This provides a pathway for the realization of reference atmospheres covering typical environmental 222Rn levels and thus drastically improves the realization and the dissemination of the derived unit of the activity concentration concerning 222Rn in air.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ganapathy Sriniva ◽  
S Palani ◽  
C Rajaravi ◽  
S Karthik

Abstract The nickel-iron-chromium (alloy 20) is enriching by hybrid surface treatment through plasma nitride (PN) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. The plasma nitriding process takes 12 hours at 500°C. Potentiodynamic testing is used to characterize the corrosion performance of the treated material, followed by morphological analysis of the exposed surface; XRD, EDX, SEM, hardness, and tensile testing are used to investigate appropriate coating properties. Plasma nitride and hybrid PVD nickel-iron-chromium alloys exhibit perlite (γ + α ’) phases and martensite (γ + α) phases, respectively. The martensite microstructure ensures superior tensile strength and hardness. The pin-on-disc tribometer test proposes to analyze friction and hard-faced behavior in the dry sliding position. The inclusion of Si improves the adherent oxide film, resulting in a low wear rate in TiAlSiN alloy 20. Due to the presence of the passive film, TiAlSiN alloy 20 exposes the most passive region to attain better corrosion resistance.


Author(s):  
Siddesh Kumar N M ◽  
Chethan S ◽  
Talluri Nikhil ◽  
Dhruthi .

Abstract An enormous amount of research is conducted on aluminium alloys on friction stir process, despite magnesium alloy reporting severe weight reduction when compared to aluminium alloys; a very slight amount of research was testified by friction stir processing of magnesium alloys. Magnesium is highly reactive and susceptible to corrosion in the presence of an aggressive environment. This highly corrosive nature of magnesium limits its applications. Surface properties like crystal structure, composition, and micro structure influence the corrosion and wear property of the material. Coating and alloying like laser surface modifications are performed to passivate magnesium surface from corrosion. Coating techniques, however were found to be insufficient in corrosion protection due to coating defects like pores, cracks, etc, and adhesion problems caused due to poor surface preparation of the substrate, and also impurities present in coating which provides micro galvanic cells for corrosion. Current study analyses the detailed overview of different types of Surface modification methods such as Physical vapor deposition, Chemical vapor deposition, Chemical conversion coating, Ion implantation coating techniques and also work focuses on few of Alloying or Surface processing methods such as Laser surface modification namely Laser surface melting, Laser surface cladding, Laser Shot Peening, Laser surface alloying and Friction stir processing (FSP). Friction stir processing a novel method derived from friction stir welding is used as surface modification method, which modifies micro structure, composition of surface layer without changing bulk properties, for enhancing corrosion resistance property. FSP enhances the micro structure and homogenizes but it is also eliminating the breaking up of the brittle- network phases and also cast micro structure imperfections. Indeed FSP can produce particle and fiber-reinforced magnesium-based surface composites. FSP empowers the manufacturing of magnesium by adding additives. Comparison of the different methods of coating and surface modification has been compared with FSP


2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 10-53
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Sergievskaya ◽  
Adrien Chauvin ◽  
Stephanos Konstantinidis

Sputter deposition of atoms onto liquid substrates aims at producing colloidal dispersions of small monodisperse ultrapure nanoparticles (NPs). Since sputtering onto liquids combines the advantages of the physical vapor deposition technique and classical colloidal synthesis, the review contains chapters explaining the basics of (magnetron) sputter deposition and the formation of NPs in solution. This review article covers more than 132 papers published on this topic from 1996 to September 2021 and aims at providing a critical analysis of most of the reported data; we will address the influence of the sputtering parameters (sputter power, current, voltage, sputter time, working gas pressure, and the type of sputtering plasma) and host liquid properties (composition, temperature, viscosity, and surface tension) on the NP formation as well as a detailed overview of the properties and applications of the produced NPs.


Author(s):  
Karla Arlen Ortiz ◽  
Oscar A. Jaramillo-Quintero ◽  
Edgar Alvarez-Zauco ◽  
Marina Elizabeth Rincón González

Abstract Self-assembly of organic molecules is a promising method for generating multilayer systems for fabrication of functional devices. In particular, fullerene (C60) and porphyrin molecules offer a variety of binding modes, including π-π interactions, dipole electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding, to tailor the charge separation and charge recombination limiting device performance. Here, we investigate multilayer systems obtained by the sequential physical vapor deposition of C60 and tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) layers, focusing on the effect of the interfaces on the charge transfer processes. Absorbance spectra indicate noncovalent-like π-stacking, with the increment of fullerene interfaces shifting the porphyrin Soret band toward the blue. Similarly, surface photovoltage measurements in the multilayer systems show that as the number of interfaces increases, so does the photogeneration of charge. Charge separation follows carrier generation given that the recombination time, associated to trap states, decreases. This behavior indicates that the Donor-Acceptor nature of the fullerene-porphyrin bilayer system is conserved, and even enhanced, in the multilayer film, and that the number of interfaces aid to the formation of selective paths for charge carrier collection, demonstrating its potential in optoelectronic devices.


2022 ◽  
pp. 111717
Author(s):  
Elisa Pegoraro ◽  
Alberto Perrotta ◽  
Gianpaolo Lorito ◽  
Laura Bertarelli ◽  
Benoit-Noel Bozon ◽  
...  

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