SUN-LB003: Cut Off Points of Calf Circumference for Prediction of Low Muscle Mass in Turkish Older People

Abstract Objectives Malnutrition contributes to loss of muscle mass. There is limited information on the prevalence of low muscle mass in community-dwelling older people who are (not) at risk of malnutrition. Factors associated with muscle mass are also not well characterized. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI; ASM/height2) in older people with normal nutritional status (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, MUST risk category = low) and those at risk of malnutrition (MUST risk category = medium or high), and to determine factors associated with ASMI. Methods Strengthening Health In ELDerly through nutrition (SHIELD) is a study involving 1211 (400 with normal nutritional status and 811 at risk of malnutrition) community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 years in Singapore. Low ASMI was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, 2014). Results One in five (20.6%) nourished participants had low ASMI vs. four in five (81.3%) participants at risk of malnutrition had low ASMI (P < 0.0001). Older people with low ASMI were more likely to be admitted to the hospital, had longer length of stay, 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, and lower education level, compared to those with normal ASMI (all P ≤ 0.0472). In the multiple linear regression model, age (coefficient, b = −0.013 kg/m2; P < 0.001), gender (female: b = −0.963 kg/m2; P < 0.001), calf circumference (b = 0.042 kg/m2; P < 0.001), bone mass (b = 0.593 kg/m2; P < 0.001), BMI (b = 0.129 kg/m2; P < 0.001), and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) score (b = 0.001 kg/m2; P = 0.048) were associated with ASMI. Conclusions Community-dwelling older people at risk of malnutrition had four-fold greater risk of having low ASMI as compared to nourished counterparts. Increasing age was associated with lower ASMI, whereas calf circumference, bone mass, BMI, PASE score, and being male were positively associated with ASMI. These findings highlight the importance of screening for low muscle mass and maintaining muscle health as part of the overall malnutrition management in this population group. Funding Sources The Economic Development Board of Singapore, Abbott Nutrition, and Changi General Hospital funded this study.

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Vitamin Intake and Loss of Muscle Mass in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study of the KAMOGAWA-DM Cohort

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2335

Author(s):

Fuyuko Takahashi ◽

Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽

Ayumi Kaji ◽

Ryosuke Sakai ◽

Yuka Kawate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Older People ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

Vitamin D Intake ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine the relationships between the intakes of various vitamins and the loss of muscle mass in older people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The change in skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) (kg/m2/year) was defined as follows: (SMI at baseline (kg/m2) − SMI at follow-up (kg/m2))/follow-up period (year). The rate of SMI reduction (%) was calculated as follows (the change in SMI (kg/m2/year)/SMI at baseline (kg/m2)) × 100. The rate of SMI reduction ≥ 1.2% was considered as the loss of muscle mass. Among 197 people with T2DM, 47.2% of them experienced the loss of muscle mass at the 13.7 ± 5.2 month follow-up. Vitamin B1 (0.8 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3 mg/day, p = 0.031), vitamin B12 (11.2 ± 8.3 vs. 13.4 ± 7.5 μg/day, p = 0.049), and vitamin D (16.5 ± 12.2 vs. 21.6 ± 13.0 μg/day, p = 0.004) intakes in people with the loss of muscle mass were significantly lower than those without. Vitamin D intake was related to the loss of muscle mass after adjusting for sex, age, exercise, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, SMI, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, insulin, HbA1c, creatinine, energy intake, and protein intake (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.88–0.97, p = 0.003). This study showed that vitamin D intake was related to the loss of muscle mass in older people with T2DM. Vitamin B12 intake tended to be related to the loss of muscle mass, although vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and vitamin E intake were not related.

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Respiratory Muscle Weakness as a Risk Factor for Pneumonia in Older People

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000514007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tatsuma Okazaki ◽

Yoshimi Suzukamo ◽

Midori Miyatake ◽

Riyo Komatsu ◽

Masahiro Yaekashiwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Older People ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Weakness ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Respiratory Muscle ◽

Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽

Respiratory Muscle Weakness

Introduction: The respiratory muscle strength regulates the effectiveness of coughing, which clears the airways and protects people from pneumonia. Sarcopenia is an aging-related loss of muscle mass and function, the worsening of which is associated with malnutrition. The loss of respiratory and swallowing muscle strength occurs with aging, but its effect on pneumonia is unclear. This study aimed to determine the risks of respiratory muscle weakness on the onset and relapse of pneumonia in older people in conjunction with other muscle-related factors such as malnutrition. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study with 47 pneumonia inpatients and 35 non-pneumonia controls aged 70 years and older. We evaluated the strength of respiratory and swallowing muscles, muscle mass, and malnutrition (assessed by serum albumin levels and somatic fat) during admission and confirmed pneumonia relapse within 6 months. The maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures determined the respiratory muscle strength. Swallowing muscle strength was evaluated by tongue pressure. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to evaluate the muscle and fat mass. Results: The respiratory muscle strength, body trunk muscle mass, serum albumin level, somatic fat mass, and tongue pressure were significantly lower in pneumonia patients than in controls. Risk factors for the onset of pneumonia were low inspiratory respiratory muscle strength (odds ratio [OR], 6.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56–30.11), low body trunk muscle mass divided by height2 (OR, 6.86; 95% CI, 1.49–31.65), and low serum albumin level (OR, 5.46; 95% CI, 1.51–19.79). For the relapse of pneumonia, low somatic fat mass divided by height2 was a risk factor (OR, 20.10; 95% CI, 2.10–192.42). Discussion/Conclusions: Respiratory muscle weakness, lower body trunk muscle mass, and malnutrition were risk factors for the onset of pneumonia in older people. For the relapse of pneumonia, malnutrition was a risk factor.

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Sleep, Muscle Mass and Muscle Function in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Based on Data From the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II)

Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online ◽

10.3238/arztebl.2016.0253 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nikolaus Buchmann ◽

Dominik Spira ◽

Kristina Norman ◽

Ilja Demuth ◽

Rahel Eckardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Aging Study ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Skeletal muscle index and its association with mobility among community‐dwelling older women

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity ◽

10.29359/bjhpa.13.1.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

ZBIGNIEW M. OSSOWSKI

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Older People ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Chair Stand

Background: The loss of muscle function and reduced mobility levels are the main reasons for the limitations of independence and disability in older people. The main aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the skeletal muscle index and mobility in older women. Material and methods: ‪The study involved 166 older women. Skeletal muscle mass and other body components were determined by bioimpedance using an InBody 720 device. Functional mobility was evaluated with the timed up-and-go test. 30-second chair stand was also used to measure the level of functional strength in lower extremities. Results: ‪The skeletal muscle index was positively correlated with functional mobility (r=-0.22; p=0.00) and 30-second chair stand (r=-0.47; p=0.00). However, the strength of lower extremities was a significantly better parameter in predicting mobility in older women than the skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions: The functional strength of lower extremity muscles and the skeletal muscle index can have a positive effect on functional mobility in older people. The results may be helpful in clinical practice when diagnosing mobility limitations and in the process of programming physical activity of older women aimed at the prevention of sarcopenia.

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Comparison of the prevalence of sarcopenia using skeletal muscle mass index and calf circumference applying the European consensus definition in elderly Mexican women

Geriatrics and Gerontology International ◽

10.1111/ggi.12652 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 161-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Maria Consuelo Velazquez-Alva ◽

Maria Esther Irigoyen Camacho ◽

Irina Lazarevich ◽

Jaime Delgadillo Velazquez ◽

Patricia Acosta Dominguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Mexican Women ◽

Calf Circumference ◽

Consensus Definition ◽

European Consensus ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass Index

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Simple Estimation of Appendicular Muscle Mass using the Maximum Calf Circumference of Elderly Inpatients

Rigakuryoho Kagaku ◽

10.1589/rika.31.511 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 511-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tadashi ITO ◽

Yoshihito SAKAI ◽

Yoshifumi MORITA ◽

Makoto OIKAWA ◽

Kazuya GOTO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Calf Circumference ◽

Elderly Inpatients ◽

Simple Estimation ◽

Appendicular Muscle Mass

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New Prediction Equations to Estimate Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Using Calf Circumference: Results From NHANES 1999–2006

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ◽

10.1002/jpen.1605 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (8) ◽

pp. 998-1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Leonardo Pozza Santos ◽

Maria Cristina Gonzalez ◽

Silvana Paiva Orlandi ◽

Renata Moraes Bielemann ◽

Thiago G. Barbosa‐Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Calf Circumference ◽

Prediction Equations ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

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Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults using the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2: findings from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 910-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Miji Kim ◽

Chang Won Won

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Older People ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Working Group ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

European Working ◽

Definition Of ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background in October 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) updated their original definition of sarcopenia to reflect the scientific and clinical evidence that has accumulated over the last decade. Objective to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in a large group of community-dwelling older adults using the EWGSOP2 definition and algorithm. Design a cross-sectional study. Setting the nationwide Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Subjects a total of 2,099 ambulatory community-dwelling older adults, aged 70–84 years (mean age, 75.9 ± 4.0 years; 49.8% women) who were enrolled in the KFACS. Methods physical function was assessed by handgrip strength, usual gait speed, the five-times-sit-to-stand test, the timed up-and-go test, and the Short Physical Performance Battery. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results according to the criteria of the EWGSOP2, the sarcopenia indicators of combined low muscle strength and low muscle quantity were present in 4.6–14.5% of men and 6.7–14.4% of women. The severe sarcopenia indicators of combined low muscle strength, low muscle quantity and low physical performance were present in 0.3–2.2% of men and 0.2–6.2% of women. Using the clinical algorithm with SARC-F as a screening tool, the prevalence of probable sarcopenia (2.2%), confirmed sarcopenia (1.4%) and severe sarcopenia (0.8%) was low. Conclusions the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older individuals varied depending on which components of the revised EWGSOP2 definition were used, such as the tools used to measure muscle strength and the ASM indicators for low muscle mass.

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