OR27: Supplementing Breakfast with A Vitamin D and Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Medical Nutrition Drink Improves Postprandial Muscle Protein Synthesis and Muscle Mass in Healthy Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. S11
Author(s):  
A. Chanet ◽  
S. Verlaan ◽  
Y. Luiking ◽  
S. Walrand ◽  
Y. Boirie
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Medical Nutrition

scholarly journals Supplementing Breakfast with a Vitamin D and Leucine–Enriched Whey Protein Medical Nutrition Drink Enhances Postprandial Muscle Protein Synthesis and Muscle Mass in Healthy Older Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (12) ◽  
pp. 2262-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Chanet ◽  
Sjors Verlaan ◽  
Jérôme Salles ◽  
Christophe Giraudet ◽  
Véronique Patrac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Dietary protein considerations for muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass preservation in older adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice T. Olaniyan ◽  
Fiona O’Halloran ◽  
Aoife L. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Anabolic Resistance

Abstract Amino acid bioavailability is critical for muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and preservation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Ageing is associated with reduced responsiveness of MPS to essential amino acids (EAA). Further, the older adult population experiences anabolic resistance, leading to increased frailty, functional decline and depleted muscle mass preservation, which facilitates the need for increased protein intake to increase their SMM. This review focuses on the role of proteins in muscle mass preservation and examines the contribution of EAA and protein intake patterns to MPS. Leucine is the most widely studied amino acid for its role as a potent stimulator of MPS, though due to inadequate data little is yet known about the role of other EAA. Reaching a conclusion on the best pattern of protein intake has proven difficult due to conflicting studies. A mixture of animal and plant proteins can contribute to increased MPS and potentially attenuate muscle wasting conditions; however, there is limited research on the biological impact of protein blends in older adults. While there is some evidence to suggest that liquid protein foods with higher than the RDA of protein may be the best strategy for achieving high MPS rates in older adults, clinical trials are warranted to confirm an association between food form and SMM preservation. Further research is warranted before adequate recommendations and strategies for optimising SMM in the elderly population can be proposed.

scholarly journals No independent or combined effects of vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids on muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1382-1389
Author(s):  
Stephan van Vliet ◽  
Alan Fappi ◽  
Dominic N Reeds ◽  
Bettina Mittendorfer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis

ABSTRACT Background Aging is associated with skeletal muscle anabolic resistance (i.e., reduced muscle protein synthesis during anabolic conditions such as hyperaminoacidemia). The results from studies conducted in cell culture systems and animals suggest that both vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Objectives To conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the independent and combined effects of dietary vitamin D and CLA supplementation on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in sedentary older adults. Methods Thirty-two sedentary, older adults were randomized to receive either: 1) 2000 IU vitamin D-3 (Vit D) per day; 2) 4000 mg CLA per day; 3) both Vit D (2000 IU/d) and CLA (4000 mg/d); or 4) placebo for 8 wk. Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were evaluated by using intravenous [ring-2H5]phenylalanine infusion in conjunction with muscle biopsies during basal, postabsorptive conditions and during combined amino acid and insulin infusion before and after the supplementation period. Results Before the intervention, basal myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were not different among groups (Placebo: 0.033 ± 0.003; Vit D: 0.034 ± 0.002; CLA: 0.029 ± 0.005; Vit D + CLA: 0.038 ± 0.005 %·h-1), and hyperinsulinemia–hyperaminoacidemia increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates by ∼35%. Compared with placebo, neither Vit D nor CLA nor combined Vit D + CLA supplementation affected the basal myofibrillar protein synthesis rates (placebo: 0.040 ± 0.004%/h; Vit D: 0.044 ± 0.006%/h; CLA: 0.039 ± 0.006%/h; Vit D + CLA: 0.040 ± 0.007%/h) or the hyperinsulinemia–hyperaminoacidemia–induced increase in myofibrillar protein synthesis (percentage increase from basal before and after the interventions: placebo, 30 ± 11 and 36 ± 11; Vit D, 38 ± 8 and 34 ± 10; CLA, 50 ± 14 and 51 ± 16; Vit D + CLA, 29 ± 15 and 35 ± 8). Conclusions Vitamin D and/or CLA supplementation, at the doses provided in our study, does not have muscle anabolic effects in sedentary older adults. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03115775).

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Exogenous insulin does not increase muscle protein synthesis rate when administered systemically: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. R25-R34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorn Trommelen ◽  
Bart B L Groen ◽  
Henrike M Hamer ◽  
Lisette C P G M de Groot ◽  
Luc J C van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis Rate

BackgroundThough it is well appreciated that insulin plays an important role in the regulation of muscle protein metabolism, there is much discrepancy in the literature on the capacity of exogenous insulin administration to increase muscle protein synthesis ratesin vivoin humans.ObjectiveTo assess whether exogenous insulin administration increases muscle protein synthesis rates in young and older adults.DesignA systematic review of clinical trials was performed and the presence or absence of an increase in muscle protein synthesis rate was reported for each individual study arm. In a stepwise manner, multiple models were constructed that excluded study arms based on the following conditions: model 1, concurrent hyperaminoacidemia; model 2, insulin-induced hypoaminoacidemia; model 3, supraphysiological insulin concentrations; and model 4, older, more insulin resistant, subjects.ConclusionsFrom the presented data in the current systematic review, we conclude that: i) exogenous insulin and amino acid administration effectively increase muscle protein synthesis, but this effect is attributed to the hyperaminoacidemia; ii) exogenous insulin administered systemically induces hypoaminoacidemia which obviates any insulin-stimulatory effect on muscle protein synthesis; iii) exogenous insulin resulting in supraphysiological insulin levels exceeding 50 000 pmol/l may effectively augment muscle protein synthesis; iv) exogenous insulin may have a diminished effect on muscle protein synthesis in older adults due to age-related anabolic resistance; and v) exogenous insulin administered systemically does not increase muscle protein synthesis in healthy, young adults.

scholarly journals Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training and Essential Amino Acid Supplementation for 24 Weeks on Physical Function, Body Composition, and Muscle Metabolism in Healthy, Independent Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1598-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M Markofski ◽  
Kristofer Jennings ◽  
Kyle L Timmerman ◽  
Jared M Dickinson ◽  
Christopher S Fry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Essential amino acids (EAA) and aerobic exercise (AE) acutely and independently stimulate skeletal muscle protein anabolism in older adults. Objective In this Phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, we determined if chronic EAA supplementation, AE training, or a combination of the two interventions could improve muscle mass and function by stimulating muscle protein synthesis. Methods We phone-screened 971, enrolled 109, and randomized 50 independent, low-active, nonfrail, and nondiabetic older adults (age 72 ± 1 years). We used a 2 × 2 factorial design. The interventions were: daily nutritional supplementation (15 g EAA or placebo) and physical activity (supervised AE training 3 days/week or monitored habitual activity) for 24 weeks. Muscle strength, physical function, body composition, and muscle protein synthesis were measured before and after the 24-week intervention. Results Forty-five subjects completed the 24-week intervention. VO2peak and walking speed increased (p < .05) in both AE groups, irrespective of supplementation type, but muscle strength increased only in the EAA + AE group (p < .05). EAA supplementation acutely increased (p < .05) muscle protein synthesis from basal both before and after the intervention, with a larger increase in the EAA + AE group after the intervention. Total and regional lean body mass did not change significantly with any intervention. Conclusions In nonfrail, independent, healthy older adults AE training increased walking speed and aerobic fitness, and, when combined with EAA supplementation, it also increased muscle strength and EAA-stimulated muscle protein synthesis. These increases occurred without improvements in muscle mass.

scholarly journals The response of muscle protein synthesis following whole-body resistance exercise is greater following 40 g than 20 g of ingested whey protein

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. e12893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay S. Macnaughton ◽  
Sophie L. Wardle ◽  
Oliver C. Witard ◽  
Chris McGlory ◽  
D. Lee Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Resistance

204 Awardee Talk: Recent Advances in Protein Nutrition in Horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Kristine Urschel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Protein Nutrition ◽  
Active Research

Abstract Protein has been recognized as an essential nutrient for animals for well over 100 years. Protein plays many important structural and metabolic roles, and some of its component amino acids have additional functions, including as regulatory molecules, as energy substrates and in the synthesis of other non-protein molecules. Skeletal muscle makes up approximately 50% of body weight in horses, with protein being the major non-water component. As an athletic species, the development and maintenance of muscle mass is of the utmost importance in horses. Because muscle mass is largely determined by the balance of rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, understanding how these pathways are regulated and influenced by dietary protein and amino acid provision is essential. Historically, much research regarding protein nutrition in horses has focused on the protein digestibility of different feed ingredients, and the adequacy of different protein sources in supporting the growth and maintenance of horses. This presentation will focus on some of the current areas of active research relating to protein nutrition in horses: the activation of the signaling pathways that regulate muscle protein synthesis, amino acid supplementation in athletic horses, protein metabolism in aged and horses and those with insulin dysregulation, and amino acid and protein nutrition in predominantly forage-fed horses. There are many exciting opportunities for future research in the area of protein and amino acid nutrition in horses across the lifespan.

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