Airborne particulate matter modulates the production of reactive oxygen species in human polymorphonuclear granulocytes

Toxicology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Hitzfeld
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Sierra-Vargas ◽  
Alberto Guzman-Grenfell ◽  
Salvador Blanco-Jimenez ◽  
Jose Sepulveda-Sanchez ◽  
Rosa Bernabe-Cabanillas ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mazuryk ◽  
Grazyna Stochel ◽  
Małgorzata Brindell

Air pollution is associated with numerous negative effects on human health. The toxicity of organic components of air pollution is well-recognized, while the impact of their inorganic counterparts in the overall toxicity is still a matter of various discussions. The influence of airborne particulate matter (PM) and their inorganic components on biological function of human alveolar-like epithelial cells (A549) was investigated in vitro. A novel treatment protocol based on covering culture plates with PM allowed increasing the studied pollutant concentrations and prolonging their incubation time without cell exposure on physical suffocation and mechanical disturbance. PM decreased the viability of A549 cells and disrupted their mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium homeostasis. For the first time, the difference in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) profiles generated by organic and inorganic counterparts of PM was shown. Singlet oxygen generation was observed only after treatment of cells with inorganic fraction of PM, while hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical were induced after exposure of A549 cells to both PM and their inorganic fraction.


2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Valavanidis ◽  
Konstantinos Fiotakis ◽  
Thomais Vlahogianni ◽  
Vasilios Papadimitriou ◽  
Vayia Pantikaki

Environmental Context.�Fine and coarse airborne particulate matter (PM) has been linked to increases in respiratory diseases and lung cancer. PM contains a variety of compounds, such as metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs, and quinones adsorbed in a carbonaceous polymeric matrix. Although quinones are found in small amounts in PM, they are capable of redox cycling and in the presence of oxygen catalyse the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems. ROS are responsible for the induction of oxidative stress, especially oxidative damage to cellular proteins and DNA. This paper investigated quantitatively selected quinones and hydroquinones by high performance liquid chromatography in various airborne PM samples. Also, we investigated the presence of persistent semiquinone radicals in solid samples and quinoid radicals in aqueous extracts of alkaline solution by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Abstract.�In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of the health effects of respirable particulate matter (PM) because of its deposition in the human lungs and adverse health effects. Analysis of PM content focused on substances of toxicological importance, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkyl-substituted benzenes and naphthalenes, transition metals and various quinones. Recent studies shifted their attention to quinones and their toxicological role in PM. Quinones can be transformed into their semiquinones, which undergo redox cycling and reduce oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems, resulting in the induction of oxidative stress, especially oxidative damage to cellular components and DNA. In the present study, the presence of five quinones, 1,2-benzenediol (catechol) and 1,4-benzenediol (hydroquinone) in various PM samples was identified and measured quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography. Mean concentrations of individual target quinones ranged from 15-140 ng mg-1 in diesel and gasoline exhaust particles to 1.5-60 ng mg-1 (or 150-1100 pg m-3) in airborne PM (total suspended particulates, PM aerodynamic diameter 10 μm, PM aerodynamic diameter 2.1 μm) samples. Precision (repeatability and reproducibility) varied from 5 to 15%. Also, examples of electron paramagnetic resonance spectra for the single broad unstructured signal are presented, corresponding to the persistent stable semiquinone radicals of solid samples of PM, and the formation of quinoid radicals in aqueous extracts of PM samples in air-saturated carbonate-buffered solution, pH 9.5-10.


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