Consumption of Insoluble Fiber Boosts Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Patients

BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine linked to obesity comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer. GDF-15 also has adipokine properties and recently emerged as a prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular events. METHODS We evaluated the relationship of plasma GDF-15 concentrations with parameters of obesity, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism in a cohort of 118 morbidly obese patients [mean (SD) age 37.2 (12) years, 89 females, 29 males] and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy lean individuals. All study participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; 28 patients were studied before and 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS Obese individuals displayed increased plasma GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001), with highest concentrations observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. GDF-15 was positively correlated with age, waist-to-height ratio, mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, creatinine, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index and negatively correlated with oral glucose insulin sensitivity. Age, homeostatic model assessment index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity, and creatinine were independent predictors of GDF-15 concentrations. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass led to a significant reduction in weight, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, but further increased GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The associations between circulating GDF-15 concentrations and age, insulin resistance, and creatinine might account for the additional cardiovascular predictive information of GDF-15 compared to traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, GDF-15 changes following bariatric surgery suggest an indirect relationship between GDF-15 and insulin resistance. The clinical utility of GDF-15 as a biomarker might be limited until the pathways directly controlling GDF-15 concentrations are better understood.

Download Full-text

Insulin receptors and insulin sensitivity in normo and hyperinsulinemic obese patients

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation ◽

10.1007/bf03348483 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 233-239

Author(s):

A. Carducci Artenisio ◽

F. Ragonese ◽

F. Forte ◽

G. Saitta ◽

G. Perrone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Insulin Receptors ◽

Obese Patients

Download Full-text

Modulation of altered intestinal permeability in obese patients: A possible target to change anthropometric measures and insulin sensitivity?

Canadian Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52089-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 161-162

Author(s):

T.F.S. Teixeira ◽

N.C.S. Souza ◽

P.G. Chiarello ◽

S.C.C. Franceschini ◽

J. Bressan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Intestinal Permeability ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Anthropometric Measures

Download Full-text

Hepatic Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase Overexpression Improves Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2017/4108768 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Britta Noebauer ◽

Alexander Jais ◽

Jelena Todoric ◽

Klaus Gossens ◽

Hedwig Sutterlüty-Fall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Experimental Approaches ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Obesity is a major risk factor for several diseases including diabetes, heart disease, and some forms of cancer and due to its rapidly increasing prevalence it has become one of the biggest problems medicine is facing today. All the more surprising, a substantial percentage of obese patients are metabolically healthy when classified based on insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Oxysterols are naturally occurring molecules that play important role in various metabolic and inflammatory processes and their levels are elevated in patients suffering from obesity and diabetes. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) is produced in cells from cholesterol by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) and is involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes, and cell proliferation. Here, we investigated the role of hepatic Ch25h in the transition from metabolically healthy obesity to insulin resistance and diabetes. Using several different experimental approaches, we demonstrated the significance of Ch25h on the border of “healthy” and “diseased” states of obesity. Adenovirus-mediated Ch25h overexpression in mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and lowered HOMA-IR. Our data suggest that low hepatic Ch25h levels could be considered a risk marker for unhealthy obesity.

Download Full-text

Melatonin Treatment Improves Insulin Resistance and Pigmentation in Obese Patients with Acanthosis Nigricans

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2018/2304746 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hang Sun ◽

Xingchun Wang ◽

Jiaqi Chen ◽

Aaron M. Gusdon ◽

Kexiu Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Acanthosis Nigricans ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Before And After ◽

Matsuda Index

Objective. This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on insulin resistance in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans (AN). Methods. A total of 17 obese patients with acanthosis nigricans were recruited in a 12-week pilot open trial. Insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, inflammatory factors, and other biochemical parameters before and after the administration of melatonin were measured. Results. After 12 weeks of treatment with melatonin (3 mg/day), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (8.99 ± 5.10 versus 7.77 ± 5.21, p<0.05) and fasting insulin (37.09 5 ± 20.26 μU/ml versus 32.10 ± 20.29 μU/ml, p<0.05) were significantly decreased. Matsuda index (2.82 ± 1.54 versus 3.74 ± 2.02, p<0.05) was significantly increased. There were also statistically significant declines in the AN scores of the neck and axilla, body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral index, neck circumference, waist circumference, and inflammatory markers. Conclusions. It was concluded that melatonin could improve cutaneous symptoms in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans by improving insulin sensitivity and inflammatory status. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02604095.

Download Full-text