A laboratory simulation of toluene cleanup by air sparging of water-saturated sands

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Peterson ◽  
Matthew J. DeBoer ◽  
Kimberly L. Lake
Geophysics ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren G. Hicks ◽  
James E. Berry

Recent studies of continuous acoustic velocity logs indicate that these logs may provide important assistance in differentiating gas, oil, and water saturations in reservoir rocks. In general, velocities are appreciably lower in sands carrying oil or gas than in water‐saturated sands of otherwise similar character. Specific examples from field logs illustrate this application. Laboratory measurements have been made of acoustic velocity of synthetic and natural rocks. Published studies, both empirical and theoretical, of other workers concerned with the transmission of sound in porous media have been considered. All of these at least qualitatively confirm the conclusions drawn from field data.


2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Victor Khomenko

In the paper a kind of sinkholes is considered, which is typical for areas where soluble rocks are covered by clay’s layer overlapped by saturated sands. The presence in soluble rocks of non-filled cavity contacting with covering clays is necessary to the sinkhole formation, however it can be provoked not only by cavity’s enlarging but else by changes of groundwater levels. The mechanism of this complex process has been researched by its in-laboratory simulation modelling, and its results can possibility to the author to name this phenomenon as “sagging-collapse sinkholes”, because it includes sagging and collapse of clays accompanied by downward moving of sands and sometimes by their liquefaction. Modelling technology is given in the paper in detail and the conception of investigated process is offered. Except experimental study of sagging-sinkhole formation the purposes of the work was quantitative forecasting of this geological phenomenon. Forecasts have been developed that allow calculating the diameter of the expected sinkhole, particularly. An assessment of their reliability is given.


1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Zaretskii ◽  
É. I. Vorontsov ◽  
A. A. Baizakov

2017 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 30-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Lekmine ◽  
Kaveh Sookhak Lari ◽  
Colin D. Johnston ◽  
Trevor P. Bastow ◽  
John L. Rayner ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Knobles ◽  
Jeffrey Simmen ◽  
Ellen S. Livingston ◽  
Ji-Xun Zhou ◽  
Feng-Hua Li

Geophysics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manika Prasad ◽  
Rolf Meissner

The velocity and attenuation of compressional([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] respectively) and shear waves ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively), determined with the Pulse Transmission technique at a frequency of about 100 kHz, are compared with the grain size, shape, porosity, density, and static frame compressibility of dry and water‐saturated sands. Except for [Formula: see text], all the quantities [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are dependent on grain size and are higher in coarser grains than in finer grains. [Formula: see text] decreases significantly with increasing differential pressure in coarse‐grained sediments, but the same sediments show an anomalous increase with differential pressure in [Formula: see text] at low pressures. We have also modeled the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of these samples to understand the mechanisms governing the observed changes. The Contact Radius model with surface force effects predicts both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to be dependent on grain size. Frictional losses in unconsolidated coarse‐grained sands must also be considered at small strains [Formula: see text]. Velocity and losses measured in saturated sands are higher than those predicted by the Biot model, which does not account for any grain size dependence of the seismic qualities.


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