Sex Differences in Function of a Pheromonally Stimulated Pathway: Role of Steroids and the Main Olfactory System

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Swann ◽  
Jeannie M Fiber
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Main Olfactory System

scholarly journals Critical Role of GFR 1 in the Development and Function of the Main Olfactory System

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (48) ◽  
pp. 17306-17320 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marks ◽  
L. Belluscio ◽  
C. F. Ibanez
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
And Function ◽  
Main Olfactory System

scholarly journals 50 years of decoding olfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239821281881749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Vomeronasal System ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
Main Olfactory System ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The identification, in the late 20th century, of unexpectedly large families of G-protein-coupled chemosensory receptors revolutionised our understanding of the olfactory system. The discovery that non-selective olfactory sensory neurons express a single olfactory receptor type and project to a specific glomerulus in the main olfactory bulb provided fundamental insight into the spatial pattern of odour representation in the main olfactory bulb. Studies using head-fixed awake mice and optogenetics have revealed the importance of the timing of glomerular input in relation to the sniff cycle and the role of piriform cortex in odour object recognition. What in the 1970s had appeared to be a relatively simple dichotomy between odour detection by the main olfactory system and pheromone detection by the vomeronasal system has been found to consist of multiple subsystems. These mediate innate responses to odours and pheromones and to substances as diverse as O2, volatile urinary constituents, peptides and proteins.

Intersexual and Intrasexual Competition and Their Relation to Jealousy

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-236
Author(s):  
Abraham P. Buunk ◽  
Karlijn Massar ◽  
Pieternel Dijkstra ◽  
Ana María Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Intrasexual Competition ◽  
Online Infidelity ◽  
Intersexual Competition

This chapter discusses sex differences in intersexual competition and describes particularly the consequences of such competition for conflict between the sexes, as well as for sex differences in mate guarding and, relatedly, in the types of infidelity that evoke jealousy, including online infidelity. It also discusses individual differences in jealousy as related to attachment styles and describes the effects of height, hormones, and the menstrual cycle on jealousy. Next, the chapter moves on to intrasexual competition and discusses, among other topics, intrasexual competition among men and among women, the role of sex differences in rival characteristics in evoking jealousy, the role of attachment styles and hormones, and individual differences in intrasexual competitiveness.

scholarly journals Sex differences and the role of education in cognitive ageing: analysis of two UK-based prospective cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e106-e115
Author(s):  
Mikaela Bloomberg ◽  
Aline Dugravot ◽  
Julien Dumurgier ◽  
Mika Kivimaki ◽  
Aurore Fayosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Ageing ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

scholarly journals Sex differences in the phylum‐level human gut microbiota composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Koliada ◽  
Vladislav Moseiko ◽  
Mariana Romanenko ◽  
Oleh Lushchak ◽  
Nadiia Kryzhanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Evidence was previously provided for sex-related differences in the human gut microbiota composition, and sex-specific discrepancy in hormonal profiles was proposed as a main determinant of these differences. On the basis of these findings, the assumption was made on the role of microbiota in the sexual dimorphism of human diseases. To date, sex differences in fecal microbiota were demonstrated primarily at lower taxonomic levels, whereas phylum-level differences between sexes were reported in few studies only. In the present population-based cross-sectional research, sex differences in the phylum-level human gut microbiota composition were identified in a large (total n = 2301) sample of relatively healthy individuals from Ukraine. Results Relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, as determined by qRT-PCR, were found to be significantly increased, while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in females compared to males. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Females had 31 % higher odds of having F/B ratio more than 1 than males. This trend was evident in all age groups. The difference between sexes was even more pronounced in the elder individuals (50+): in this age group, female participants had 56 % higher odds of having F/B ratio > 1 than the male ones. Conclusions In conclusion, sex-specific differences in the phylum-level intestinal microbiota composition were observed in the Ukraine population. The F/B ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Further investigation is needed to draw strong conclusions regarding the mechanistic basis for sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota composition and regarding the role of these differences in the initiation and progression of human chronic diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document