The incidence and life cycle of Linguatula serrata (Frohlich 1789) in Great Britain

1954 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 371-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Linguatula Serrata

The cattle lice of Great Britain Part I. Biology, with special reference to Haematopinus eurysternus

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Craufurd-Benson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Threshold Of Development ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

1. The geographical distribution of cattle lice in Britain is recorded in detail. Bovicola bovis is the commonest and most widely distributed species in Britain.2. The incubation period for the eggs was found to be: Haematopinus eurysternus, 9–19 days (av. 12); Bovicola bovis, 7–10 days (av. 8); Linognathus vitula, 10–13 days; Solenopotes capillatus, 10–13 days. With eggs of H. eurysternus it was found that the higher the minimum air temperature the shorter was the incubation period.3. In H. eurysternus the average length of the instars was: 1st, 4 days; 2nd, 4 days; 3rd, 4 days; pre-oviposition period, 3–4 days. The average time for the complete life cycle, egg to egg, was 28 days.4. The maximum longevity of H. eurysternus on the host was: males, 10 days; females, 16 days. No males or females of H. eurysternus survived a starvation period of 72 hr. at 20° C. and R.H. 70 or 0–10° C. and R.H. 70–85; but some nymphs survived this period at 20° C. and R.H. 70, but none survived 96 hr. starvation.5. The maximum number of eggs recorded for one female was 24; and eggs were laid at the rate of 1–4 a day.6. The threshold of development of the eggs of H. eurysternus appears to be about 27·5° C.

The Output of First Stage Larvae by Cats Infested with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Hamilton ◽  
A. W. McCaw
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, the lungworm of the cat, has a world wide distribution and has been reported from countries as far apart as America, Great Britain and Palestine. It has a complex life cycle insofar as a molluscan intermediate host is essential and it is possible that auxiliary hosts also play an important part. In Britain, the incidence of active infestation of cats with the parasite has been recorded as 19·4% (Lewis, 1927) and 6·6% (Hamilton, 1966) but the latter author found that, generally, the clinical disease produced by the parasite was of a mild nature. It is known that the average patent period of the infestation in the cat is 8–13 weeks and it seems likely that, in that time, a considerable number of first stage larvae would be evacuated. Information on that point is not available and the object of the following experiment was to ascertain the number of larvae produced by cats during the course of a typical infestation.

Life history and pathogenicity of Eimeria adenoeides Moore & Brown, 1951, in the turkey poult

Parasitology ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Blood Picture ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Turkey Poult ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Cell Inoculation ◽  
Microscopic Pathology

The life cycle and pathogenicity of a strain of Eimeria isolated in Great Britain from turkey poults by single cell inoculation are described and, using the criteria laid down by Tyzzer, the species is identified as E. adenoeides.The life cycle is of the same general pattern as in other Eimeria species, consisting of two asexual and one sexual generations.The organism is highly pathogenic for young poults, a dose of 200,000 oocysts producing 100 % mortality in 3-week-old birds and smaller doses causing reduced weight gain. Birds 11 weeks old resisted a dose of 3 million oocysts.The gross and microscopic pathology of the infection is described. No changes were found in the blood picture.

The Bionomics of Lema melanopa, L. (Criocerinae), in Great Britain

1929 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. H. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Total Control ◽  
Previous Account ◽  
Larval Parasites ◽  
Do So

The beetle, Lema melanopa, is a serious pest of cereal crops in certain areas of Europe and is becoming increasingly common on cereals in Britain. A survey of the literature indicates that the life-history differs in various localities, and no previous account has been given of the life-history in this country.The life-cycle in Britain is briefly as follows. The adult beetles emerge from hibernation in April, mate and commence to oviposit towards the end of May. Oviposition continues for nearly two months, and adults commence to emerge early in July and continue to do so until September. There is no indication that a second brood occurs, although the climate would permit of one.The adults feed freely after emergence, but largely on grasses, prior to hibernating in November. In the spring they feed almost exclusively on the leaves of young cereals. The larvae feed principally on cereals. Adults tend to be gregarious and are very long-lived, numbers living over a second winter.Two larval parasites occur in Britain and further information concerning these is being obtained. Of all larvae collected in the field 25 per cent. were found to be parasitised.The loss of crop sustained as a result of attack by this pest amounts on the Continent, in extreme cases, to as much as 50 per cent. of the total. Control measures consist of cultural methods, spraying and dusting. Certain of these might be adapted for use in this country with reasonable hope of success.

scholarly journals The Biology of Ceratophyllus fasciatus Bosc., the Common Rat-Flea of Great Britain

1914 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
The Common

In view of its possible relation to the epidemiology of plague, a knowledge of the biology of the common rat-flea of England, Ceratophyllus fasciatus Bosc, is much to be desired, and therefore, at the request of Professor Niittall, the present investigation was undertaken. The observations recorded below are mainly the result of experimental work with fleas conducted in the Quick Laboratory, Cambridge; but before proceeding to a description of the experiments it is considered advisable to give a short summary of the life-cycle of the rat-flea.

Larval and pupal description, life cycle, and adult flight behaviour of the sponge-feeding caddisfly, Ceraclea nigronervosa (Retzius), in Central Norway (Trichoptera)

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Solem ◽  
Vincent Resh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Freshwater Sponge ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Larval Instars

AbstractDescription of Ceraclea nigronervosa (Retzius) larvae and pupae based on Norwegian specimens generally agree with those from Great Britain and North America, but differ from published Russian (U.S.S.R.) descriptions, probably due to the latter's being based on mixed species rearings. At least the last four of the five larval instars feed on freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris (L.). Growth from the second instar on follows Dyar's rule with a 1.7 factor of increase. A population in the mountain stream Anfinnså, Dovre County, Norway (63°N and elevation 930-936 m) has a two cohort population with two years required for development. Greater numbers of Chironomidae, but not C. nigronervosa, occur in sponges containing the green algae Chlorella. Sponge-feeding Ceraclea may exhibit flexible life cycles.

The Contract Lifecycle-Practical Experience of Implementing

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Шабалова ◽  
L. Shabalova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Practical Experience

This article is devoted to the study of modern forms of public-private partnership — contract life cycle. The experience of world con-tract of the life cycle is considered on the example of great Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, Russia. Describes a series of projects under a contract model of the life cycle in construction of objects of transport and sports infrastructure, both in Europe and in Russia.

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