Clinical features of panic attacks in schizophrenia

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Baylé ◽  
M.O. Krebs ◽  
C. Epelbaum ◽  
D. Levy ◽  
P. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Schizophrenic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Feature ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of

SummarySince reports have underscored that panic attacks (PA) may be an identifiable state occurring in schizophrenia, we studied the symptomatology of PA in a group of schizophrenic patients. Of 40 patients (21 males and 19 females) attending a clinic for maintenance therapy of schizophrenia, 19 (36.8%) had a lifetime history of PA. Seven among those 19 patients (36.8%) had or had had spontaneous panic attacks, not related to phobic fears or delusional fears, and for the 12 remaining patients, the PA were related to paranoid ideas. Moreover, the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia tends to be more often associated with a history of panic attack than other subtypes of schizophrenia (52.6% vs 23.8%; χ2 = 3.5, P = .06). It seems that there are at least two types of PA in schizophrenic patients. The first one could be independent from the psychotic feature, with no psychopathological link. The second kind of PA could be directly related to a schizophrenic disorder, and found in patients with the paranoid subtype.

Associations between age of onset and lifetime history of panic attacks and alcohol use, abuse, and dependence in a representative sample

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Bernstein ◽  
Michael J. Zvolensky ◽  
Natalie Sachs-Ericsson ◽  
Norman B. Schmidt ◽  
Marcel O. Bonn-Miller
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Evaluation of Perseveration in Relation to Panic-Relevant Responding: An Initial Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Leyro ◽  
Erin C. Berenz ◽  
Charles P. Brandt ◽  
Jasper A. J. Smits ◽  
Michael J. Zvolensky
Keyword(s):  
Panic Attack ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nonclinical Panic ◽  
Empirical Context ◽  
Preliminary Support

Background: Perseveration reflects the tendency to engage in a behavior even when it is no longer rewarding nor produces the expected consequences. Method: The current study explored whether (1) individuals endorsing a recent (past 2 years) history of nonclinical panic attacks would report greater levels of perseveration compared to individuals without such a history; (2) whether individuals endorsing higher levels of perseveration would evidence greater panic-relevant responding to a 4-minute 10% carbon dioxide-enriched air challenge. Results: Results indicated that individuals with, compared to without, a positive panic attack history endorsed significantly greater levels of perseveration. Additionally, greater pre-challenge levels of perseveration significantly predicted greater panic attack symptom severity as well as self-reported anxiety; these significant effects were evident above and beyond the variance accounted for by sex, trait-level negative affectivity, panic attack status, and distress tolerance as well as shared variance with the related constructs of persistence and perfectionism. Discussion: Together, the current findings provide initial, albeit preliminary, support for the utlity of investigating perseveration in relation to models of panic psychopathology specifically, and offer a further empirical context for perseveration-psychopathology relations in general.

scholarly journals Smoking Behavior and Alcohol Consumption in Individuals With Panic Attacks

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Mathew ◽  
Peter J. Norton ◽  
Michael J. Zvolensky ◽  
Julia D. Buckner ◽  
Jasper A. J. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drinking Behaviors

Individuals with anxiety often report greater smoking and drinking behaviors relative to those without a history of anxiety. In particular, smoking and alcohol use have been directly implicated among individuals experiencing panic attacks, diagnosed with panic disorder, or high on panic-relevant risk factors such as anxiety sensitivity. Less is known, however, about specific features of panic that may differentiate among those who do or do not use cigarettes or alcohol. The purpose of the current study was to replicate previous research findings of an association between panic symptomatology, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption, as well as extend findings by examining whether specific symptoms of panic attacks differentiated among those who do or do not use cigarettes or alcohol. Participants (n = 489) completed the Panic Attack Questionnaire-IV, a highly detailed assessment of panic attacks and symptoms, as well as self-report measures of smoking history and alcohol use. Consistent with previous research, participants who reported a history of panic attacks (n = 107) were significantly more likely to report current daily or lifetime daily cigarette smoking, and significantly greater hazardous or harmful alcohol use than participants with no panic history (n = 382). Although smoking and hazardous alcohol use were highly associated regardless of panic status, participants with panic attacks showed elevated hazardous alcohol use after controlling for daily or lifetime smoking. Surprisingly, although participants who reported having had at least one panic attack were more likely to smoke, panic attack symptoms, intensity, or frequency did not differentiate panickers who did or did not smoke. Furthermore, panic-related variables were not shown to differentially relate to problematic drinking among panickers. Implications for understanding the complex relationship between panic attacks and smoking and drinking behaviors are discussed.

Panic Disorder With and Without Agoraphobia

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Starcevic, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Anticipatory Anxiety ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Intense Fear ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Panic disorder is characterized by two components: recurrent panic attacks and anticipatory anxiety. Panic attacks within panic disorder are not caused by physical illness or certain substances and they are unexpected, at least initially; later in the course of the disorder, many attacks may be precipitated by certain situations or are more likely to occur in them. Anticipatory anxiety is an intense fear of having another panic attack, which is present between panic attacks. Some patients with panic disorder go on to develop agoraphobia, usually defined as fear and/or avoidance of the situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help might not be available in case of a panic attack; in such cases, patients are diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia. Those who do not develop agoraphobia receive a diagnosis of panic disorder without agoraphobia. Components of panic disorder are presented in Figure 2—1. Patients with agoraphobia who have no history of panic disorder or whose agoraphobia is not related at least to panic attacks or symptoms of panic attacks are relatively rarely encountered in clinical practice. The diagnosis of agoraphobia without history of panic disorder has been a matter of some controversy, especially in view of the differences between American and European psychiatrists (and the DSM and ICD diagnostic and classification systems) in the conceptualization of the relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia. The conceptualization adhered to here has for the most part been derived from the DSM system, as there is more empirical support for it. Although panic disorder (with and without agoraphobia) is a relatively well-defined psychopathological entity whose treatment is generally rewarding, there are important, unresolved issues. They are listed below and discussed throughout this chapter. …1. Are there different types of panic attacks based on the absence or presence of the context in which they appear (i.e., unexpected vs. situational attacks)? Should the ‘‘subtyping’’ of panic attacks be based on other criteria (e.g., symptom profile)? 2. Because panic attacks are not specific for panic disorder, should they continue to be the main feature of panic disorder? Can panic attacks occurring as part of panic disorder be reliably distinguished from panic attacks occurring as part of other disorders or in the absence of any psychopathology? 3. What is the relationship between panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia?

Length of History of Schizophrenic Disorder and Anxiety as Defined by Skin Resistance Level

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Herbert A. Marra ◽  
B. J. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Schizophrenic Disorder ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Experimental Group

Level of anxiety as represented in skin resistance levels (SRLs) was measured 5 times throughout the day in 60 hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Ss were classified into 3 groups of varying lengths of history of schizophrenic disorder and further subdivided into groups remaining on tranquilizing medication and groups receiving no medication for 84 hr. prior to testing. The comparison group (medicated) mean SRL differed significantly from that of the experimental group (non-medicated) mean SRL thus demonstrating the relevant effect of removal of the experimental Ss from medication. The experimental Ss tended to show significantly less anxiety (increased SRLs) and more variable levels of anxiety (increased variation in SRL) as a function of increasing chronicity. These findings were interpreted as supporting Mednick's learning theory hypothesis regarding anxiety in schizophrenic disorder.

PANIC ATTACK THERAPY. LITERATURE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Борис Юрьевич Приленский ◽  
Георгий Викторович Коленчик
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Treatment Scheme ◽  
Modern Methods

На сегодняшний день панические атаки являются достаточно распространенным и трудным для лечения заболеванием. Помимо этого, не существует четкой схемы терапии данной патологии, в связи с чем, считаем целесообразным рассмотреть и проанализировать современные способы терапии данного недуга. Today, panic attacks are a fairly common and difficult disease to treat. In addition, there is no clear treatment scheme for this pathology, in connection with which we consider it appropriate to consider and analyze modern methods of therapy for this disease.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between a Lifetime History of Sexual Victimization and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110216
Author(s):  
Brooke N. Lombardi ◽  
Todd M. Jensen ◽  
Anna B. Parisi ◽  
Melissa Jenkins ◽  
Sarah E. Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Size Estimate ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Size Estimate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Size Estimates

Background: The association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and the well-being of women during the perinatal period has received increasing attention. However, research investigating this relationship has yet to be systematically reviewed or quantitatively synthesized. Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to calculate the pooled effect size estimate of the statistical association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and perinatal depression (PND). Method: Four bibliographic databases were systematically searched, and reference harvesting was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles that empirically examined associations between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and PND. A random effects model was used to ascertain an overall pooled effect size estimate in the form of an odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were also conducted to assess whether particular study features and sample characteristic (e.g., race and ethnicity) influenced the magnitude of effect size estimates. Results: This review included 36 studies, with 45 effect size estimates available for meta-analysis. Women with a lifetime history of sexual victimization had 51% greater odds of experiencing PND relative to women with no history of sexual victimization ( OR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.35, 1.67]). Effect size estimates varied considerably according to the PND instrument used in each study and the racial/ethnic composition of each sample. Conclusion: Findings provide compelling evidence for an association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and PND. Future research should focus on screening practices and interventions that identify and support survivors of sexual victimization perinatally.

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