P.2.b.007 The effect of sub-convulsive electrical stimulation and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a rat model for depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. S316-S317
Author(s):  
E. Toth ◽  
R. Gersner ◽  
A. Zangen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rat Model

scholarly journals Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation Promotes Satellite Cell Activities to Facilitate Muscle Regeneration at an Early Phase in a Rat Model of Muscle Strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Da-an Wang ◽  
Qing-zheng Li ◽  
Dong-ming Jia
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Muscle Strain

The capability of regeneration for skeletal muscle after injury depends on the differentiation and proliferation ability of the resident stem cells called satellite cells. It has been reported that electrical stimulation was widely used in clinical conditions to facilitate muscle regeneration after injury, but the characterization of satellite cell responses to the context of low-frequency electrical stimulation in early-phase muscle strain conditions has not been fully clarified. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation (frequency: 20 Hz; duration: 30 minutes, twice daily) on satellite cell activities in a rat model for the early phase of muscle strain. Firstly, we adopted our previously developed rat model to mimic the early phase of muscle strain in human. After then, we examined the effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation on histopathological changes of the muscle fiber by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Finally, we investigated the effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation on satellite cell proliferation and differentiation by quantification of the expression level of the specific proteins using western blot analyses. The muscle strain in biceps femoris muscles of rats can be induced by high-speed rotation from knee flexion 50° to full knee extension at 960°·s-1 angular velocity during its tetany by activating the sciatic nerve, as evidenced by a widening of the interstitial space between fibers, and more edema or necrosis fibers were detected in the model rats without treatment than in control rats. After treatment with low-frequency electrical stimulation (frequency: 20 Hz; duration: 30 minutes, twice daily), the acute strained biceps femoris muscles of rats showed obvious improvement of histomorphology as indicated by more mature muscle fibers with well-ordered formation with clear boundaries. Consistently, the expression levels of the MyoD and myogenin were marked higher than those in the rats in the animal model group, indicating increased satellite cell proliferating and differentiating activities by low-frequency electrical stimulation. This study shows that low-frequency electrical stimulation provides an effective stimulus to upregulate the protein expression of MyoD/myogenin and accelerate the restoration of structure during the early phase of muscle strain. This may have significance for clinical practice. Optimization of low-frequency electrical stimulation parameters may enhance the therapeutic outcome in patients.

Electroconvulsive therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Keith G. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Effective Treatment Modality ◽  
The World ◽  
Technical Modifications ◽  
History Of

This chapter on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) surveys the history of this effective treatment modality in psychiatry. It reviews the first publication introducing ECT, which was followed by rapid expansion throughout the world. Next, the important topic of memory impairment is reviewed. Thereafter, it discusses the technical modifications that resulted in less memory impairment, most notably unilateral electrode placement and brief-pulse square-wave electrical stimulation. The publication of a placebo-controlled trial establishing efficacy using modern research methods is also discussed. Finally, a controlled trial of continuation ECT is presented, which touches on the need to prevent relapse. The chapter can be appreciated by readers of any background, whether medical or not.

Rat Model for the Study of Penile Erection: Pharmacologic and Electrical-Stimulation Parameters

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Martinez-Piñerio ◽  
Gerald Brock ◽  
Flavio Trigo-Rocha ◽  
Geng Hsu ◽  
Tom F. Lue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
Stimulation Parameters

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation to Conductive Scaffold Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Remyelination in a Rat Model of Large Nerve Defect

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e39526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghui Huang ◽  
Lei Lu ◽  
Jianbin Zhang ◽  
Xueyu Hu ◽  
Yongguang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Axonal Regeneration

scholarly journals Quantifying epileptogenesis in rats with spontaneous and responsive brain state dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dakota N Crisp ◽  
Warwick Cheung ◽  
Stephen V Gliske ◽  
Alan Lai ◽  
Dean R Freestone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Spontaneous Seizure ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Over Time

Abstract There is a crucial need to identify biomarkers of epileptogenesis that will help predict later development of seizures. This work identifies two novel electrophysiological biomarkers that quantify epilepsy progression in a rat model of epileptogenesis. The long-term tetanus toxin rat model was used to show the development and remission of epilepsy over several weeks. We measured the response to periodic electrical stimulation and features of spontaneous seizure dynamics over several weeks. Both biomarkers showed dramatic changes during epileptogenesis. Electrically induced responses began to change several days before seizures began and continued to change until seizures resolved. These changes were consistent across animals and allowed development of an algorithm that could differentiate which animals would later develop epilepsy. Once seizures began, there was a progression of seizure dynamics that closely follows recent theoretical predictions, suggesting that the underlying brain state was changing over time. This research demonstrates that induced electrical responses and seizure onset dynamics are useful biomarkers to quantify dynamical changes in epileptogenesis. These tools hold promise for robust quantification of the underlying epileptogenicity and prediction of later development of seizures.

The effect of short duration of electrical stimulation on wound healing in acute wound in a rat model

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Yunita Sari ◽  
Hartono ◽  
Eman Sutrisna ◽  
Saryono
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Acute Wound

scholarly journals Electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve promotes neuroregeneration and functional recovery from stress urinary incontinence in a rat model

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. F1555-F1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Hong Jiang ◽  
Qi-Xiang Song ◽  
Bradley C. Gill ◽  
Brian M. Balog ◽  
Raul Juarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Separate Cohort ◽  
Stimulation Of

The pudendal nerve can be injured during vaginal delivery of children, and slowed pudendal nerve regeneration has been correlated with development of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Simultaneous injury to the pudendal nerve and its target muscle, the external urethral sphincter (EUS), during delivery likely leads to slowed neuroregeneration. The goal of this study was to determine if repeat electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve improves SUI recovery and promotes neuroregeneration in a dual muscle and nerve injury rat model of SUI. Rats received electrical stimulation or sham stimulation of the pudendal nerve twice weekly for up to 2 wk after injury. A separate cohort of rats received sham injury and sham stimulation. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and βII-tubulin expression in Onuf’s nucleus were measured 2, 7, and 14 days after injury. Urodynamics, leak point pressure (LPP), and EUS electromyography (EMG) were recorded 14 days after injury. Electrical stimulation significantly increased expression of BDNF at all time points and βII-tubulin 1 and 2 wk after injury. Two weeks after injury, LPP and EUS EMG during voiding and LPP testing were significantly decreased compared with sham-injured animals. Electrical stimulation significantly increased EUS activity during voiding, although LPP did not fully recover. Repeat pudendal nerve stimulation promotes neuromuscular continence mechanism recovery possibly via a neuroregenerative response through BDNF upregulation in the pudendal motoneurons in this model of SUI. Electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve may therefore improve recovery after childbirth and ameliorate symptoms of SUI by promoting neuroregeneration after injury.

scholarly journals The cardiovascular safety of the empirical measurement of the seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Mizen ◽  
Charles Morton ◽  
Allan Scott
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Cardiovascular Safety ◽  
Empirical Measurement

Aims and methodThe Royal College of Psychiatrists' Committee on Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Related Treatments advises the measurement of initial seizure threshold in all patients undergoing ECT if possible. The subconvulsive electrical stimulation inherent in this process is thought to increase the risk of bradycardia and therefore asystole. Our aim was to establish the prevalence of asystole (no heart beat for 5 or more seconds) during empirical measurement of seizure threshold in patients who had not received anticholinergic drugs, as we were unable to find any published reports of bradycardia or asystole prevalence under these conditions. The electrocardiogram traces of 50 such consecutive patients were analysed later.ResultsAsystole occurred in 5% of stimulations. Each episode of asystole resolved spontaneously with no adverse outcomes. Contrary to expectations, asystole was no more prevalent in subconvulsive stimulations than in convulsive stimulations.Clinical implicationsThere was no evidence that the empirical measurement of the seizure threshold added to the cardiovascular risk of ECT.

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