Application of AERMOD on near future air quality simulation under the latest national emission control policy of China: A case study on an industrial city

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1608-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyun Ma ◽  
Honghong Yi ◽  
Xiaolong Tang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Ying Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Near Future

scholarly journals Evaluating Vehicle Emission Control Policies using on-Road Mobile Measurements and Continuous Wavelet Transform: a Case Study during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum, China 2014

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Tan ◽  
Yanwen Wang ◽  
Chunxiang Ye ◽  
Yi Zhu ◽  
Yingruo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Continuous Wavelet Transform ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Continuous Wavelet ◽  
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

Abstract. Vehicle emissions are major sources of atmospheric pollutants in urban areas, especially in megacities around the world. Various vehicle emission control policies have been implemented to improve air quality. However, the effectiveness of these policies is unclear, due to a lack of systematic evaluation and sound methodologies. During the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum, China 2014, the Chinese government implemented the strictest vehicle emission control policy in the country's history, which provided an opportunity to evaluate its effectiveness, based on our recently developed method. To evaluate the vehicle emission reduction, we used a mobile research platform to measure the main air pollutants (PM2.5, black carbon (BC), SO2, CO, NOx and O3) on the 4th ring road of the city of Beijing, combined with a continuous wavelet transform method (CWT) to separate out "instantaneous emissions" by passing vehicles. The results suggested that our measurements captured the spatial distribution and variation of atmospheric pollutant concentrations on the 4th ring road. The "instantaneous concentration" decomposed by the CWT method represents on-road emissions better than other methods reported in the literature. With this method, we found that the daytime vehicle emission of CO and NOx decreased by 28.1 and 16.3 %, respectively, during the APEC period relative to the period before APEC, and by 39.3 and 38.5 %, respectively, relative to the period after APEC. The nighttime vehicle emissions of CO and NOx decreased by 56.0 and 60.7 %, respectively, during the APEC period relative to the period after APEC. Because vehicle emissions of NOx and CO contribute considerably to the total emissions of these pollutants in Beijing, the vehicle emission control policy implementation was extremely successful in controlling air quality during APEC 2014, China.

scholarly journals A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL POLICY AND PRACTICES: AN INTERFACE WITH KATHMANDU VALLEY CASE, NEPAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Bhupendra Das ◽  
Prakash V. Bhave ◽  
Siva Praveen Puppala ◽  
Rejina M. Byanju
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
The Developed Countries

Transport sector is growing most rapidly around the world in line with the urban and socio-economic growth, which is contributing to severe air pollution. Air pollution has been of much concern mainly due to air quality, human exposure, public health, climate change, and visibility reduction. At present, in the media and policy arena, significant attention is given to the transport air pollution and its effect. Although most of the developed countries established vehicular emission control practices, it is very primitive in the developing countries including Nepal. This paper highlights global policies/legislations that have been practiced for emissions control from high emitting vehicles based on the available literature. The insights and lessons based information presented in this paper will add value to the policy makers for creating strong policy packages of air quality management for Kathmandu valley including other parts of Nepal.

scholarly journals Air quality and health benefits from ultra-low emission control policy indicated by continuous emission monitoring: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta region, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Meng Gao ◽  
Xin Bo ◽  
Chris P. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Industrial Boilers ◽  
The Yrd ◽  
Emission Policy

Abstract. To evaluate improved emission estimation from online monitoring data, we applied the Models-3/CMAQ (Community Multi-scale Air Quality) system to simulate the air quality of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region using two emission inventories without/with incorporated data from continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) at coal-fired power plants (Cases 1 and 2), respectively. The normalized mean biases (NMBs) of annual SO2, NO2, O3 and PM2.5 concentrations between observations and simulations in Case 2 were −3.1 %, 56.3 %, −19.5 % and −1.4 %, all smaller in absolute value than those in Case 1, at 8.2 %, 68.9 %, −24.6 % and 7.6 %, respectively. The results indicate that incorporation of CEMS data in the emission inventory helped reduce the biases between simulation and observation and can better reflect the actual sources of regional air pollution. Based on the CEMS data, the air quality changes and corresponding health impacts were quantified for different implementation levels of China's recent ultra-low emission policy. If only the coal-fired power sector met the requirement, the simulated differences in the monthly SO2, NO2, O3 and PM2.5 concentrations compared to those of Case 2, our base case for policy comparisons, were less than 7 % for all pollutants. The result implies only a minor benefit of ultra-low emission control if implemented in the power sector alone, attributed to its limited contribution to total emissions in the YRD after years of pollution control in the sector (11 %, 7 % and 2 % of SO2, NOX and primary particle matter (PM), respectively). If the ultra-low emission policy was enacted at both power plant and industrial boilers, the simulated SO2, NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations compared to the base case were 33 %–64 %, 16 %–23 % and 6 %–22 % lower respectively, depending on the month (January, April, July and October 2015). Combining CMAQ and the Integrated Exposure Response (IER) model, we further estimated that 305 deaths and 874 years of life loss (YLL) attributable to PM2.5 exposure could be avoided with the implementation of the ultra-low emission policy in the power sector in the YRD region. The analogous values would be much higher, at 10,651 deaths and 316,562 YLL avoided, if both power and industrial sectors met the ultra-low emission limits, accounting for 5.5 % and 6.2 % of the totals for the region, respectively. In order to improve regional air quality and to reduce human health risk effectively, coordinated control of various pollution sources should be implemented, and the ultra-low emission control policy should be substantially expanded to industrial boilers and other emission sources in non-power industries.

scholarly journals Impact of the ‘13th Five-Year Plan’ Policy on Air Quality in Pearl River Delta, China: A Case Study of Haizhu District in Guangzhou City Using WRF-Chem

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5276
Author(s):  
Juanming Zhan ◽  
Minyi Wang ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Chunming Feng ◽  
Ting Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Hot Season

Due to increasingly stringent control policy, air quality has generally improved in major cities in China during the past decade. However, the standards of national regulation and the World Health Organization are yet to be fulfilled in certain areas (in some urban districts among the cities) and/or certain periods (during pollution episode event). A further control policy, hence, has been issued in the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016–2020, hereafter 13th FYP). It will be of interest to evaluate the air quality before the 13th FYP (2015) and to estimate the potential air quality by the end of the 13th FYP (2020) with a focus on the area of an urban district and the periods of severe pollution episodes. Based on observation data of major air pollutants, including SO2 (sulphur dioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 10 μm), PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 µm) and O3 (Ozone), the air quality of Haizhu district [an urban district in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China] in 2015 suggested that typical heavy pollution occurred in winter and the hot season, with NO2 or PM2.5 as the key pollutants in winter and O3 as the key pollutant in the hot season. We also adopted a state-of-the-art chemical transport model, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), to predict the air quality in Haizhu District 2020 under different scenarios. The simulation results suggested that among the emission control scenarios, comprehensive measures taken in the whole of Guangzhou city would improve air quality more significantly than measures taken just in Haizhu, under all conditions. In the urban district, vehicle emission control would account more than half of the influence of all source emission control on air quality. Based on our simulation, by the end of the 13th FYP, it is noticeable that O3 pollution would increase, which indicates that the control ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) may be unsuitable and therefore should be adjusted. Our study highlights the significance of evaluating the efficacy of current policy in reducing the air pollutants and recommends possible directions for further air pollution control for urban areas during the 13th FYP.

Indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring in hemp house — Case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Rimbalová ◽  
Silvia Vilčeková ◽  
Adriana Eštoková
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Statistical approach for describing failures and lifetimes of water mains

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Lei ◽  
Sveinung Sægrov
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Counting Process ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Maintenance Practice ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Near Future

This paper demonstrates the statistical approach for describing failures and lifetimes of water mains. The statistical approach is based on pipe inventory data and the maintenance data registered in the data base. The approach consists of data pre-processing and statistical analysis. Two classes of statistical models are applied, namely counting process models and lifetime models. With lifetime models, one can estimate the probability which a pipe will fail within a time horizon. With counting process models one can see the deteriorating (or improving) trend in time of a group of “identical” pipes and their rates of occurrence of failure (ROCOF). The case study with the data base from Trondheim municipality (Norway) demonstrates the applicability of the statistical approach and leads to the following results: 1). In the past 20 years, Trondheim municipality has experienced approximately 250 to 300 failures per year. However, the number of failures per year will significantly increase in the near future unless better maintenance practice is implemented now. 2). Unprotected ductile iron pipes have a higher probability of failures than other materials. The average lifetime of unprotected ductile iron pipes is approximately 30 to 40 years shorter than the lifetime of a cast iron pipe. 3). Pipes installed 1963 and 1975 are most likely to fail in the future; 4) The age of a pipe does not play a significant role for the remaining lifetime of the pipe; 5). After 2 to 3 failures, a pipe enters a fast-failure stage (i.e., frequent multiple between failures).

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