The contribution of the MPTP-treated primate model to the development of new treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jenner
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
New Treatment

Parkinson’s Disease - A Review on Advances and Treatment Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Subashini Raman ◽  
Syed Mahmood ◽  
Ayah R. Hilles ◽  
Azizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Focused Ultrasound Surgery ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
New Strategies

Parkinson’s Disease ongoing progression treatment demonstrated that new treatment had indicated a promising potential to suppress better the motor and non-motor symptoms arising in PD. There are various pre-existing treatment strategies besides therapeutic drugs used in treating PD. This review discusses newly approved therapeutic medications, current advancements and new strategies to overcome Parkinson’s. It includes deep Brain Stimulation, Focused Ultrasound Surgery and Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNP) treatment in suppressing Parkinson’s Disease symptoms.

scholarly journals Venoms as an adjunctive therapy for Parkinson’s disease: where are we now and where are we going?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. FSO642
Author(s):  
Parisa Gazerani
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Impairments

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), are increasing in the aging population. Crucially, neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD is associated with chronic inflammation and glial activation. Besides this, bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, sensory alteration, and cognitive and psychiatric impairments are also present in PD. Currently, no pharmacologically effective treatment alters the progression of the disease. Discovery and development of new treatment strategies remains a focus for ongoing investigations. For example, one approach is cell therapy to prevent dopaminergic neuronal loss or to slow PD progression. The neuroprotective role of a diverse range of natural products, including venoms from bees, scorpions, snakes and lizards, are also being tested in preclinical PD models and in humans. The main findings from recent studies that have investigated venoms as therapeutic options for PD are summarized in this special report.

COMPARISON OF THEORIES OF REST TREMOR MECHANISM IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE: CENTRAL OSCILLATOR (SOURCE-TRIGGERED OSCILLATIONS) AND FEEDBACK-INDUCED INSTABILITY IN THE SENSORIMOTOR LOOP (SELF-SUSTAINED OSCILLATIONS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950075
Author(s):  
VRUTANGKUMAR V. SHAH ◽  
SACHIN GOYAL ◽  
HARISH J. PALANTHANDALAM-MADAPUSI
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Rest Tremor ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Sensorimotor Loop ◽  
Instability Theory ◽  
Neural Origin ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Central Oscillator

Rest tremor is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The exact neural origin of rest tremor is still not clearly understood. Understanding the origin of rest tremor is important as it may aid in optimizing existing treatment strategies such as Deep Brain Stimulation or in developing new treatment strategies for rest tremor reduction. There are broadly two theories that are gaining prominence for rest tremor generation in PD. The first theory is the central oscillator theory that states that the rest tremor is triggered by an oscillatory source in the brain. The second theory is the feedback-induced instability theory that states that the rest tremor arises out of a feedback-induced instability in the sensorimotor loop. This paper analyzes validity of the two theories based on established clinical observations of Parkinsonian rest tremor by using representative simulation examples. Finally, based on our analysis, we propose two test-worthy experiments for further validation.

The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease: mechanistic insights andtherapeutic options

Brain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Yuqi Luo ◽  
K Ray Chaudhuri ◽  
Richard Reynolds ◽  
Eng-King Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in which gastrointestinal symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease shows unique changes, which may be used as early biomarkers of disease. Alteration in gut microbiota composition may be related to the cause or effect of motor or non-motor symptoms, but the specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease by regulating neuroinflammation, barrier function and neurotransmitter activity. There is bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis may provide a pathway for the transmission of α-synuclein. We highlight recent discoveries and alterations of the gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease, and highlight current mechanistic insights on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in disease pathophysiology. We discuss the interactions between production and transmission of α-synuclein and gut inflammation and neuroinflammation. In addition, we also draw attention to diet modification, use of probiotics and prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential therapeutic approaches that may lead to a new treatment paradigm for Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Enhanced Synchrony among Primary Motor Cortex Neurons in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Primate Model of Parkinson's Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 4639-4653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Goldberg ◽  
Thomas Boraud ◽  
Sharon Maraton ◽  
Suzanne N. Haber ◽  
Eilon Vaadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Primate Model

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoned Jones ◽  
Kelli M. Torsney ◽  
Lily Scourfield ◽  
Katie Berryman ◽  
Emily J. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Assessment Scales

SUMMARYHistorically, Parkinson's disease was viewed as a motor disorder and it is only in recent years that the spectrum of non-motor disorders associated with the condition has been fully recognised. There is a broad scope of neuropsychiatric manifestations, including depression, anxiety, apathy, psychosis and cognitive impairment. Patients are more predisposed to delirium, and Parkinson's disease treatments give rise to specific syndromes, including impulse control disorders, dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome and dopamine dysregulation syndrome. This article gives a broad overview of the spectrum of these conditions, describes the association with severity of Parkinson's disease and the degree to which dopaminergic degeneration and/or treatment influence symptoms. We highlight useful assessment scales that inform diagnosis and current treatment strategies to ameliorate these troublesome symptoms, which frequently negatively affect quality of life.

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