scholarly journals How Drosophila combats microbial infection: a model to study innate immunity and host–pathogen interactions

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals The Small GTPase Arf6: An Overview of Its Mechanisms of Action and of Its Role in Host–Pathogen Interactions and Innate Immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Van Acker ◽  
Jan Tavernier ◽  
Frank Peelman
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Vesicular Trafficking ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Nadph Oxidases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Host Pathogen

The small GTase Arf6 has several important functions in intracellular vesicular trafficking and regulates the recycling of different types of cargo internalized via clathrin-dependent or -independent endocytosis. It activates the lipid modifying enzymes PIP 5-kinase and phospholipase D, promotes actin polymerization, and affects several functionally distinct processes in the cell. Arf6 is used for the phagocytosis of pathogens and can be directly or indirectly targeted by various pathogens to block phagocytosis or induce the uptake of intracellular pathogens. Arf6 is also used in the signaling of Toll-like receptors and in the activation of NADPH oxidases. In this review, we first give an overview of the different roles and mechanisms of action of Arf6 and then focus on its role in innate immunity and host–pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals Illuminating Macrophage Contributions to Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vivo: the Power of Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Rosowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Host Pathogen

ABSTRACT Macrophages are a key cell type in innate immunity. Years of in vitro cell culture studies have unraveled myriad macrophage pathways that combat pathogens and demonstrated how pathogen effectors subvert these mechanisms. However, in vitro cell culture studies may not accurately reflect how macrophages fit into the context of an innate immune response in whole animals with multiple cell types and tissues. Larval zebrafish have emerged as an intermediate model of innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions to bridge the gap between cell culture studies and mammalian models. These organisms possess an innate immune system largely conserved with that of humans and allow state-of-the-art genetic and imaging techniques, all in the context of an intact organism. Using larval zebrafish, researchers are elucidating the function of macrophages in response to many different infections, including both bacterial and fungal pathogens. The goal of this review is to highlight studies in zebrafish that utilized live-imaging techniques to analyze macrophage activities in response to pathogens. Recent studies have explored the roles of specific pathways and mechanisms in macrophage killing ability, explored how pathogens subvert these responses, identified subsets of macrophages with differential microbicidal activities, and implicated macrophages as an intracellular niche for pathogen survival and trafficking. Research using this model continues to advance our understanding of how macrophages, and specific pathways inside these cells, fit into complex multicellular innate immune responses in vivo, providing important information on how pathogens evade these pathways and how we can exploit them for development of treatments against microbial infections.

scholarly journals First person – Thibault Rosazza

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. jcs258537
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Early Career ◽  
First Person ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Thibault Rosazza is first author on ‘Dynamic imaging reveals surface exposure of virulent Leishmania amastigotes during pyroptosis of infected macrophages’, published in JCS. Thibault conducted the research described in this article while a master's student in Dr Gerald Spaeth's lab at Institut Pasteur, Unite de Parasitologie Moleculaire et Signalisation, and is now a rotation PhD student in the lab of Dr Gabriel Solberger at University of Dundee, investigating host–pathogen interactions, emphasizing innate immunity modulations.

Spatiotemporal Structure of Host-Pathogen Interactions in a Metapopulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Soubeyrand ◽  
Laine ◽  
Hanski ◽  
Penttinen
Keyword(s):  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Spatiotemporal Structure ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Porcine small intestinal organoids as a model to explore ETEC–host interactions in the gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Vermeire ◽  
Liara M. Gonzalez ◽  
Robert J. J. Jansens ◽  
Eric Cox ◽  
Bert Devriendt
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Small Intestinal

AbstractSmall intestinal organoids, or enteroids, represent a valuable model to study host–pathogen interactions at the intestinal epithelial surface. Much research has been done on murine and human enteroids, however only a handful studies evaluated the development of enteroids in other species. Porcine enteroid cultures have been described, but little is known about their functional responses to specific pathogens or their associated virulence factors. Here, we report that porcine enteroids respond in a similar manner as in vivo gut tissues to enterotoxins derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, an enteric pathogen causing postweaning diarrhoea in piglets. Upon enterotoxin stimulation, these enteroids not only display a dysregulated electrolyte and water balance as shown by their swelling, but also secrete inflammation markers. Porcine enteroids grown as a 2D-monolayer supported the adhesion of an F4+ ETEC strain. Hence, these enteroids closely mimic in vivo intestinal epithelial responses to gut pathogens and are a promising model to study host–pathogen interactions in the pig gut. Insights obtained with this model might accelerate the design of veterinary therapeutics aimed at improving gut health.

scholarly journals Movement can mediate temporal mismatches between resource availability and biological events in host–pathogen interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kürschner ◽  
Cédric Scherer ◽  
Viktoriia Radchuk ◽  
Niels Blaum ◽  
Stephanie Kramer‐Schadt
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen
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