scholarly journals Effect of preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel on schistosomiasis among school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: a spatiotemporal modelling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Kokaliaris ◽  
Amadou Garba ◽  
Martin Matuska ◽  
Rachel N Bronzan ◽  
Daniel G Colley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Spatiotemporal Modelling ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Modelling Study

scholarly journals Evaluating survey designs for targeting preventive chemotherapy against Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni across Sub-Saharan Africa: a geostatistical analysis and modelling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Fornace ◽  
Claudio Fronterrè ◽  
Fiona M Fleming ◽  
Hope Simpson ◽  
Honorat Zoure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
School Based ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Survey Designs

Abstract Background: Schistosomiasis control programmes primarily use school-based surveys to identify areas for mass drug administration of preventive chemotherapy. However, as the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis can be highly focal, transmission may not be detected by surveys implemented at districts or larger spatial units. Improved mapping strategies are required to accurately and cost-effectively target preventive chemotherapy to remaining foci across all possible spatial distributions of schistosomiasis. Methods: Here, we use geostatistical models to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni across sub-Saharan Africa using the most comprehensive dataset available on school-based surveys. Applying this information to parameterise simulations, we assess the accuracy and cost of targeting alternative implementation unit sizes across the range of plausible schistosomiasis distributions. We evaluate the consequences of decisions based on survey designs implemented at district and subdistrict levels sampling different numbers of schools. Cost data were obtained from field surveys conducted across multiple countries and years, with cost effectiveness evaluated as the cost per correctly identified school. Results: Models identified marked differences in prevalence and spatial distributions between countries and species; however, results suggest implementing surveys at subdistrict level increase the accuracy of treatment classifications across most scenarios. While sampling intensively at the subdistrict level resulted in the highest classification accuracy, this sampling strategy resulted in the highest costs. Alternatively, sampling the same numbers of schools currently recommended at the district level but stratifying by subdistrict increased cost effectiveness.Conclusions: This study provides a new tool to evaluate schistosomiasis survey designs across a range of transmission settings. Results highlight the importance of considering spatial structure when designing sampling strategies, illustrating that a substantial proportion of children may be undertreated even when an implementation unit is correctly classified. Control programmes need to weigh the increased accuracy of more detailed mapping strategies against the survey costs and treatment priorities.

The impact of land use change on water resources in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study of Lake Malawi

1995 ◽  
Vol 170 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Calder ◽  
Robin L. Hall ◽  
Heidi G. Bastable ◽  
Henry M. Gunston ◽  
Osborne Shela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modelling Study

scholarly journals Mass administration of medicines in changing contexts: Acceptability, adaptability and community directed approaches in Kaduna and Ogun States, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008857
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Adekeye ◽  
Kim Ozano ◽  
Ruth Dixon ◽  
Elisabeth Osim Elhassan ◽  
Luret Lar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Equity In Access ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Programme Delivery

Nigeria has the highest burden of NTDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Commitments to reach the control and elimination of many Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), particularly those amenable to preventive chemotherapy (onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminths, lymphatic filariasis and trachoma) by 2020 are detailed in the London declaration. Strategies to reach targets build on existing approaches, one of which is the use of community directed intervention (CDI) methods to deliver the mass administration of medicines (MAM). However, treatment using this approach has been inconsistent and there are questions about the acceptability and adaptability of these interventions during periods of programmatic, social, and political change. This paper explores the current strengths and weaknesses of CDI approaches in MAM delivery. We consider the acceptability and adaptability of existing MAM approaches to ensure equity in access to essential treatments. Using qualitative methods, we explore implementer perspectives of MAM delivery. We purposively selected programme implementers to ensure good programmatic knowledge and representation from the different levels of health governance in Nigeria. Data collection took place across two States (Kaduna and Ogun). Our results indicate that CDI approaches have underpinned many historic successes in NTD programme acceptance in Nigeria, specifically in Kaduna and Ogun State. However, our results also show that in some contexts, factors that underpin the success of CDI have become disrupted presenting new challenges for programme implementers. Capturing the tacit knowledge of health implementers at varying levels of the health system, we present the current and changing context of MAM delivery in Kaduna and Ogun States and consolidate a platform of evidence to guide future programme delivery and research studies. We situate our findings within the broader NTD literature, specifically, in identifying how our findings align to existing reviews focused on factors that shape individual acceptance of MAM.

scholarly journals Evidence of an Overweight/Obesity Transition among School-Aged Children and Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e92846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella K. Muthuri ◽  
Claire E. Francis ◽  
Lucy-Joy M. Wachira ◽  
Allana G. LeBlanc ◽  
Margaret Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Predicting Patterns of Long-Term CD4 Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Children Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cohort-Based Modelling Study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e1001542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Quitterie Picat ◽  
Joanna Lewis ◽  
Victor Musiime ◽  
Andrew Prendergast ◽  
Kusum Nathoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Modelling Study

scholarly journals Risks and benefits of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral drug regimens in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e116-e127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N Phillips ◽  
Francois Venter ◽  
Diane Havlir ◽  
Anton Pozniak ◽  
Daniel Kuritzkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Drug Regimens ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Modelling Study

scholarly journals Evaluating survey designs for targeting preventive chemotherapy against Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni across sub-Saharan Africa: a geostatistical analysis and modelling study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly M Fornace ◽  
Claudio Fronterrè ◽  
Fiona M. Fleming ◽  
Hope Simpson ◽  
Honorat Zoure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
School Based ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Survey Designs

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis control programmes primarily use school-based surveys to identify areas for mass drug administration of preventive chemotherapy. However, as the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis can be highly focal, transmission may not be detected by surveys implemented at districts or larger spatial units. Improved mapping strategies are required to accurately and cost-effectively target preventive chemotherapy to remaining foci across all possible spatial distributions of schistosomiasis. Methods Here, we use geostatistical models to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni across sub-Saharan Africa using the most comprehensive dataset available on school-based surveys. Applying this information to parameterise simulations, we assess the accuracy and cost of targeting alternative implementation unit sizes across the range of plausible schistosomiasis distributions. We evaluate the consequences of decisions based on survey designs implemented at district and subdistrict levels sampling different numbers of schools. Cost data were obtained from field surveys conducted across multiple countries and years, with cost effectiveness evaluated as the cost per correctly identified school. Results Models identified marked differences in prevalence and spatial distributions between countries and species; however, results suggest implementing surveys at subdistrict level increase the accuracy of treatment classifications across most scenarios. While sampling intensively at the subdistrict level resulted in the highest classification accuracy, this sampling strategy resulted in the highest costs. Alternatively, sampling the same numbers of schools currently recommended at the district level but stratifying by subdistrict increased cost effectiveness. Conclusions This study provides a new tool to evaluate schistosomiasis survey designs across a range of transmission settings. Results highlight the importance of considering spatial structure when designing sampling strategies, illustrating that a substantial proportion of children may be undertreated even when an implementation unit is correctly classified. Control programmes need to weigh the increased accuracy of more detailed mapping strategies against the survey costs and treatment priorities.

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