Environmental Ergonomics - The Ergonomics of Human Comfort, Health and Performance in the Thermal Environment

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
And Performance

Heat strain in Royal Navy helicopter aircrew

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-109
Author(s):  
J R House
Keyword(s):  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Climate Cooling

AbstractA review of the literature on heat strain and aircrew and a questionnaire survey of Royal Navy aircrew have been completed. Aircrew appreciate, some 50% from first hand experience, that heat strain can reduce their operational endurance and performance. They are at greatest risk of developing it in the pre-flight period, especially when wearing Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical (NBC) protective equipment. Several techniques they use to reduce this risk are described. Some may be of particular assistance in the field should air conditioned facilities be unavailable. However, opportunities to improve the thermal environment within the aircraft on the ground and in flight are limited as the heat generated within it and high levels of solar radiation impinging on it severely challenge air conditioning units, themselves constrained by weight and size. Other demands placed on protective clothing offer little potential to increase the rate at which aircrew can lose accumulated heat. It is concluded that an appropriate micro-climate cooling system worn next to the skin may be required to achieve truly significant reductions in heat strain. Research at the Institute of Naval Medicine has identified liquid cooling techniques which may be suitable for aircrew in all but the smallest helicopters.Any views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Department.

scholarly journals Thermal Design, Analysis and Packaging of an Airborne Multi-output Power Supply Unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Sogunuru Annapurna ◽  
Pradapan Vikram ◽  
Suma Varughese
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Power Supply Unit ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Heat Sink Design

Design of airborne multi-output power supply unit (MOPS) is restricted by space, weight and predefined geometry of air flow path. The unit is cooled by ram air and hence, exposed to the extreme external thermal environment that changes typically from +55°C to -40°C, from ground to cruising altitude within a few minutes. Hence the design should meet the thermal requirements of the electronics inside the packaging adequately, for both the positive and negative extremities of the temperature, so that device limiting temperatures are not exceeded. At the same time, it must accommodate the necessary circuitry. Details of the thermal and mechanical design and performance of the MOPS unit at various altitudes, hot spot location, flow requirements and optimal heat sink design are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Water Body on the Thermal Environment and Comfort at Indoor and Outdoor Spaces in Tropical University Campus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
Farhadur Reza ◽  
◽  
Shoichi Kojima ◽  
Wataru Ando
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
University Spaces

Water bodies play a significant role in its surrounding thermal environment. Thermal comfort in university spaces is critical that affects the students’ health and performance as well as the staffs. This study investigated thermal environment and comfort near lakeside and non-lakeside tropical university spaces. Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) have been calculated using recorded air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, air velocity, clothing insulation and metabolic rate to evaluate the thermal comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces. The effects of weather parameters have been clearly visible on the comfort index. The calculated SET* values indicate that the outdoor thermal comfort near a lake is much closer to the standard comfort zone than non-lakeside outdoor space. In the case of indoor thermal comfort, however, slightly a different scenario has been observed. To achieve the desirable indoor thermal environment, some design considerations are recommended based on findings.

scholarly journals Comfort and performance impact of personal control over thermal environment in summer: Results from a laboratory study

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atze C. Boerstra ◽  
Marije te Kulve ◽  
Jørn Toftum ◽  
Marcel G.L.C. Loomans ◽  
Bjarne W. Olesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
And Performance

The effect of providing a choice of social environment on performance and behaviour of gestating sows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 69-69
Author(s):  
J. Williams ◽  
F. Baker ◽  
R. Hooper ◽  
A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Total Space ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Performance

The move towards group housing of gestating sows has highlighted a number of welfare issues associated with social interactions that are directly related to management and pen design. For example feeding method and total space can impact on both behaviour and performance. Individual feeding stalls combined with a straw based lying area and dunging passage have production and behavioural advantages at feeding time by providing safety from aggressive pen mates. Anecdotal observations would suggest that they also provide an alternative lying space. However, in practice many feeders are either kept closed when not being used or are located in areas that do not provide a good thermal environment. This experiment was designed to evaluate environmental and social factors affecting the choice of lying behaviour of sows with and without access to feeding stalls throughout the day.

scholarly journals Windows for Evaluating the Impact on Human Comfort in Academic Studios in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Jayedi Aman
Keyword(s):  
Private Colleges ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Test Points ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Design

Despite the fact that windows have a vast scale sway on thermal environment bearing in mind window dimensions and alignments, more often than not, for naturally ventilated architectural design studios in Dhaka it ends up being troublesome to give the agreeable warm condition for educating and learning within the studios due to high temperature amid summer term. As a result, electrical means are required to make non-natural condition that puts mammoth weight on the complete national energy need. This examination intends to discover a compelling window classification from accessible window setups in existing architecture studios, situated in various open and private colleges in Dhaka through simulation readings for enhancing the thermal conditions, which can be seen as agreeable by a large portion of the inhabitants, as indicated by PMV-PPD. Field examination was done to distinguish the current windows, which are utilized in architecture studios with regards to Dhaka. At that point, the case design studio was chosen and simulation instrument EnergyPlusTM was utilized for estimating the execution of the accessible window arrangements as for thermal conditions. For the simulation study at the last stage, the test points and core test points of virtual 3D-case studio were established. In light of the investigation, for architecture design studios in Dhaka, ‘segregated viewing windows’ classification was deemed as best among the chosen window classes.

scholarly journals CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE LEITÕES CRIADOS EM GAIOLAS ENRIQUECIDAS COM PISO DE RESÍDUOS DE EVA (ETILENO-ACETATO DE VINILA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Noelly Ramos de Araújo ◽  
José Pinheiro Lopes Neto ◽  
José Wallace Barbosa do Nascimento ◽  
Fernanda Fernandes de Melo Lopes ◽  
Maria Luíza de Souza Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Comfort Indices ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE LEITÕES CRIADOS EM GAIOLAS ENRIQUECIDAS COM PISO DE RESÍDUOS DE EVA (ETILENO-ACETATO DE VINILA)   SILVIA NOELLY RAMOS DE ARAÚJO1, JOSÉ PINHEIRO LOPES NETO2, JOSÉ WALLACE BARBOSA DO NASCIMENTO3, FERNANDA FERNANDES DE MELO LOPES4, MARIA LUIZA DE SOUZA REZENDE5   Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 – Universitário, 58429-900, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected].   RESUMO: Objetivou-se analisar o conforto térmico de leitões na fase de creche, mantidos em instalações com piso de placas de resíduos EVA, utilizadas para reduzir a transferência de calor dos animais para a superfície de contato, utilizando-se 24 leitões desmamados, com idade média de 23 + 2 dias, distribuídos em 8 baias, utilizando-se dois tipos de pisos: tratamento 1- Placas de EVA + piso plástico vazado e o tratamento 2- piso plástico vazado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) e a comparação entre as médias através do teste de Tukey (P<0,05). A caracterização do ambiente térmico foi realizada por meio do registro da temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, temperatura de globo negro, luminosidade e velocidade do vento. Para a análise do conforto térmico proporcionado pelos pisos utilizou-se os índices de conforto térmico (temperatura de globo negro e umidade e a carga térmica de radiação), o mapeamento térmico superficial (pisos e leitões) e o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Os resultados indicaram que, as placas sobre o piso mostraram ser eficiente na redução da transferência de calor sensível entre o piso-leitão, o que tornou o aquecimento mais eficaz para os animais.   Palavras-chaves: conforto térmico, creche suína, material alternativo, piso plástico.   THERMAL COMFORT AND PERFORMANCE OF PIGLETS CREATED IN ENRICHED CAGES WITH EVA WASTE FLOOR (VINYL ETHYLENE ACETATE)   ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to analyze the thermal comfort of piglets in nursery phase, maintained in systems with EVA waste plates floor, used to reduce the animal heat transfer to the contact surface, using 24 weaned piglets, average age 23 + 2 days, distributed in 8 bays, using two types of floors: treatment 1: EVA plates + leaked plastic floor and treatment 2: leaked plastic floor. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) and the means were compared using Tukey's test (P<0.05). The characterization of the thermal environment was performed by recording the air temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature, luminosity and wind speed. Thermal comfort indices (black globe temperature and humidity and thermal radiation load), thermal thermal mapping (floors and piglets) and the productive performance of animals were used to analyze the thermal comfort provided by the floors. The results indicated that the boards on the floor were shown to be efficient in reducing the transfer of sensible heat between the floor-piglet, which made heating more effective for the animals.   Keywords: thermal comfort, nursery, alternative material, plastic floor.

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