EFFECT OF THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS UPON SUBJECTS' RESPONSES AND PERFORMANCE OF MENTAL WORK

Ergonomics ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. GIVONI ◽  
Y. RIM
1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-109
Author(s):  
J R House

AbstractA review of the literature on heat strain and aircrew and a questionnaire survey of Royal Navy aircrew have been completed. Aircrew appreciate, some 50% from first hand experience, that heat strain can reduce their operational endurance and performance. They are at greatest risk of developing it in the pre-flight period, especially when wearing Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical (NBC) protective equipment. Several techniques they use to reduce this risk are described. Some may be of particular assistance in the field should air conditioned facilities be unavailable. However, opportunities to improve the thermal environment within the aircraft on the ground and in flight are limited as the heat generated within it and high levels of solar radiation impinging on it severely challenge air conditioning units, themselves constrained by weight and size. Other demands placed on protective clothing offer little potential to increase the rate at which aircrew can lose accumulated heat. It is concluded that an appropriate micro-climate cooling system worn next to the skin may be required to achieve truly significant reductions in heat strain. Research at the Institute of Naval Medicine has identified liquid cooling techniques which may be suitable for aircrew in all but the smallest helicopters.Any views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Department.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Guss-West

The Western approach to dance is largely focused on control and mastery of technique, both of which are certainly necessary skills for improving performance. But mindful attention, despite its critical role in high performance, has gotten short shrift—until now. Attention and Focus in Dance, a how-to book rooted in the 20 years of attentional focus findings of researcher Gabriele Wulf, will help dancers unlock their power and stamina reserves, enabling efficient movement, heightening their sensory perception and releasing their dance potential. Author Clare Guss-West—a professional dancer, choreographer, teacher and holistic practitioner—presents a systematic, science-based approach to the mental work of dance. Her approach helps dancers hone the skills of attention, focus and self-cueing to replenish energy and enhance their physical and artistic performance. A Unique, Research-Based Approach Here is what Attention and Focus in Dance offers readers: • A unique approach, connecting the foundations of Eastern movement with Western movement forms • Research-based teaching practices in diverse contexts, including professional dance companies, private studios, and programmes for dancers with special needs or movement challenges • Testimonies and tips from international professional dancers and dance educators who use the book's approach in their training and teaching • A dance-centric focus that can be easily integrated into existing training and teaching practice, in rehearsal, or in rehabilitation contexts to provide immediate and long-term benefits Guss-West explores attentional focus techniques for dancers, teachers and dance health care practitioners, making practical connections between research, movement theory and day-to-day dance practice. “Many dancers are using excessive energy deployment and significant counterproductive effort, and that can lead to a global movement dysfunction, lack of stamina and an increased risk of injury,” says Guss-West. “Attentional focus training is the most relevant study that sport science and Eastern-movement practice can bring to dance.” Book Organisation The text is organised into two parts. Part I guides dancers in looking at the attentional challenges and information overload that many professional dancers suffer from. It outlines the need for a systematic attention and focus strategy, and it explains how scientific research on attentional focus relates to dance practice. This part also examines the ways in which Eastern-movement principles intersect with and complement scientific findings, and it examines how the Eastern and scientific concepts can breathe new life into basic dance elements such as posture, turnout and port de bras. Attention and focus techniques are included for replenishing energy and protecting against energy depletion and exhaustion. Part II presents attention and focus strategies for teaching, self-coaching and cueing. It addresses attentional focus cues for beginners and for more advanced dancers and professionals, and it places attentional focus in the broader context of holistic teaching strategies. Maximising Dance Potential “Whether cueing others or yourself, cueing for high performance is an art,” Guss-West says. “Readers will discover how to format cues and feedback to facilitate effective neuromuscular response and enhance dancer recall of information and accessibility while dancing.” Attention and Focus in Dance offers an abundance of research-backed concepts and inspirational ideas that can help dancers in their learning and performance. This book aids readers in filtering information and directing their focus for optimal physical effect. Ultimately, it guides dancers and teachers in being the best version of themselves and maximising their potential in dance.


2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 849-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne F. Mannion ◽  
David O’Riordan ◽  
Jiri Dvorak ◽  
Youssef Masharawi

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Vjekoslav Cigrovski ◽  
Ivan Radman ◽  
Erkut Konter ◽  
Mateja Očić ◽  
Lana Ružić

(1) Background: Individuals’ psychological traits can influence not just success in sport but also the ability to learn new motor skills. We investigated whether sport courage, worry and fear differ between alpine ski-naive and basic level skiers and how they affect ski learning. (2): A total of 337 students (249 ski-naive and 88 basic level) participated in research consisting of a four-part questionnaire and structured skiing program. (3) Results: For beginners, lower fear (r = −0.30, p < 0.01) and higher Self-efficiency (r = 0.28, p < 0.05) and mastery (r = 0.20, p < 0.01) were associated with better performance; reducing fear and increasing self-efficiency and worry increased performance. Experienced skiers were better in determination, mastery, and self-efficiency (all p < 0.05). In case of lower score in worry (r = −0.28, p < 0.01) and higher in self-efficiency (r = 0.22, p < 0.05) performance was better. Males scored higher in sport courage scale-31 (all p < 0.05). In particular, self-efficiency was associated with better (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), and higher fear with poorer performance (r = −0.33, p < 0.01). Moreover, self-efficiency was a predictor of ski success (p < 0.001). On the other hand, females like ski beginners scored higher in fear (p < 0.001). In females, determination, mastery and self-efficiency had a positive correlation with skiing (r = 0.21, p < 0.05, r = 0.28, p < 0.01, and r = 0.33, p < 0.01, respectively), while association between Fear and skiing (r = −0.46, p < 0.01) was negative, and fear (p < 0.001) was inversely related to success. (4): Conclusions: Psychological factors and gender differences need to be considered during learning phases of alpine skiing. There is a positive association between self-efficiency and performance of male ski beginners, and negative association between fear and achieved results in basic alpine ski school in case of female ski beginners.


KINDAI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Admin_ojs Admin_ojs

Erwin Rizafana Npm.1711.32202.3664, Analysis Of Factors Affecting Performance City Cleanliness Task Force In The Balangan District Environmental Departement, Under The Guidance Of Lanny Purnama Kosasi Dan  Yudi Rahman, 2020. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the influence of individual factors, psychological factors and organizational factors partially on the performance of the Cleanliness Task Force employees, to know and analyze the influence of individual factors, psychological factors and organizational factors simultaneously on employee performance and to find out and analyze among individual factors, psychological factors and organizational factors that have a dominant influence on the performance of the Cleaning Task Force employees at the Balangan District Environmental Office. The population in this study was the cleanliness task force of the Environmental Agency of Balangan Regency with a total of 145 people and the research sample of 31 respondents or 22% of the total population and the method used in the sampling of this study used the census method. This type of data, is an associative research with quantitative paradigms with the application of SPSS and multiple regression analysis. The results of the first hypothesis are known to individual factors, psychological factors and organizational factors partially significant effect on the performance of Cleanliness Task Force employees, the second hypothesis testing is known to individual factors, psychological factors and organizational factors have a significant effect simultaneously on the performance of Cleaning Task Force employees and third hypothesis testing is known that the results of the research that partially tested were stated and proved in this study that psychological factors had a dominant influence on the performance of the Cleaning Task Force employees at the Environmental Service Office of Balangan Regency.Keywords: Individual Factors, Psychological Factors, Organizational Factors And Performance


2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Sogunuru Annapurna ◽  
Pradapan Vikram ◽  
Suma Varughese

Design of airborne multi-output power supply unit (MOPS) is restricted by space, weight and predefined geometry of air flow path. The unit is cooled by ram air and hence, exposed to the extreme external thermal environment that changes typically from +55°C to -40°C, from ground to cruising altitude within a few minutes. Hence the design should meet the thermal requirements of the electronics inside the packaging adequately, for both the positive and negative extremities of the temperature, so that device limiting temperatures are not exceeded. At the same time, it must accommodate the necessary circuitry. Details of the thermal and mechanical design and performance of the MOPS unit at various altitudes, hot spot location, flow requirements and optimal heat sink design are presented in this paper.


Author(s):  
Farhadur Reza ◽  
◽  
Shoichi Kojima ◽  
Wataru Ando

Water bodies play a significant role in its surrounding thermal environment. Thermal comfort in university spaces is critical that affects the students’ health and performance as well as the staffs. This study investigated thermal environment and comfort near lakeside and non-lakeside tropical university spaces. Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) have been calculated using recorded air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, air velocity, clothing insulation and metabolic rate to evaluate the thermal comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces. The effects of weather parameters have been clearly visible on the comfort index. The calculated SET* values indicate that the outdoor thermal comfort near a lake is much closer to the standard comfort zone than non-lakeside outdoor space. In the case of indoor thermal comfort, however, slightly a different scenario has been observed. To achieve the desirable indoor thermal environment, some design considerations are recommended based on findings.


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