scholarly journals The Impact of the Livestock Friendly Designation on the Nebraska Cattle Industry: A Difference-in-Difference with Staggered Treatment Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sunil P. Dhoubhadel ◽  
Azzeddine Azzam
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Effect Difference ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In 2003, the Nebraska Legislature enacted the Livestock Friendly County designation program to promote the livestock industry in the state. Forty-nine of the state’s 93 counties received the designation at staggered years. Our paper estimates the causal effect of the program on the state’s cattle industry using a fixed effect difference-in-difference model that accounts for self-selection and staggered designation. Results indicate that the program does not appear to have a statewide effect on livestock expansion, but it is effective in some crop reporting districts. We offer some hypotheses on why this may be the case and draw some policy implications.

Effect of Urban Rail Transit Lines Linking the New Towns on Land Value Uplift in the Megacity Based on Difference-in-Difference Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 317-328
Author(s):  
Junfang Li ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Hua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

There already exist some rail transit lines linking the new towns to the center business district (LTC) in megacities. However, few lines between the new towns (LTT) exist. The paper examines whether, when, and how LTT cause land value uplift with LTC as the benchmark, which in turn can be used for feasibility analysis for value capture financing for the implementation of LTT. Evaluate the value in catchment and control area over time to confirm uplift. Difference-in-difference model (DID) is used to analyze when and how LTT raise the uplift. In the case study of Tokyo, DID estimators show the following homogenous results: firstly, the implicit land value (ILV) of LTT is all lower than LTC except that related to time saving to the center business district (CBD) in the announcement period, implying LTT are expected significantly to link to CBD then; secondly, ILV goes down over time sharply for LTT than LTC, implying the impact of LTT on the uplift is less sustainable than that of LTC; thirdly, sustainability of ILV as to time saving to the capital of the new town is more than that to CBD for LTT; lastly, ILV in the announcement period presents significantly distance-decay performance for both lines. Heterogeneity among the stations is detected for both lines; for LTT, the impact of proximity to the huge interchange station on land value uplift is slight. These results provide an evidence base for policy-makers to quantify the potential to raise financial funding for LTT.

Does Public Investment Contribute to Increasing Institutional and Interpersonal Trust?: Place-Based Policies for Sports and Cultural Activities in Cali, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina María Martínez ◽  
Juan Tomás Sayago
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the effect of two place-based policies implemented in Cali, Colombia on social capital and trust. We use the CaliBRANDO survey to account for institutional and interpersonal trust, matching neighborhood of residence and where policies are applied. We set up a difference-in-difference model to estimate the impact of the policies on the indexes that measure trust. We nd that the organized sport policy improves institutional trust by about 4%. Our results are significant for soccer and basketball and not significant for futsal and other activities. The evidence does not support an effect of nightlights on trust.

scholarly journals The impact of pneumococcal vaccination on pneumonia mortality among the elderly in Japan: a difference-in-difference study

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-mok Jung ◽  
Hyojung Lee ◽  
Hiroshi Nishiura
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background It is plausible that the routine immunization among infants using pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV13) from 2013 and among the elderly using pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23 (PPV23) from 2014 contributed to reducing the pneumonia mortality among the elderly in Japan. The present study aimed to estimate the causal effect of this vaccination on pneumonia mortality, using the available cause-of-death data and employing a difference-in-difference (DID) design. Methods Two types of mortality data, that is, prefecture-dependent and age- and gender-specific mortality data, from 2003 to 2017 were retrieved. We used mortality due to malignant neoplasm and heart disease as control groups and employed a DID design with an assumed parallel mortality trend between pneumonia and control group mortality since 2013 to estimate the causal effect of pneumococcal vaccination from 2014. Results Our estimation based on malignant neoplasm and heart disease as controls indicated that the reduced pneumonia mortality in 2017 owing to pneumococcal vaccination was as large as 41.9 (33.2, 50.6) and 31.2 (23.8, 38.6) per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The largest mortality reduction was observed for the oldest group (aged ≥90 years), especially among men. Discussion The pneumococcal vaccination program, perhaps mainly represented by high vaccination coverage of PCV13 among children and partly by PPV23 administration with low coverage among the elderly in Japan, was shown to have reduced the pneumonia mortality in the elderly at the population level.

scholarly journals Does Emission Trading Boost Carbon Productivity? Evidence from China’s Pilot Emission Trading Scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhou ◽  
Xiaoyu Liang ◽  
Ye Zhou ◽  
Kai Tang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Productivity

As the country with the largest carbon emissions globally, the effective operation of China’s carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) is of great importance to the global community in terms of mitigating climate change. This paper considers China’s pilot ETS launched in 2013 as a quasi-natural experiment. Exploring provincial industrial-level data that are more in line with the ETS coverage, the difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) model is used to evaluate the impact of the ETS on carbon productivity. Considering different pilot regions and industries, we also analyze the heterogeneous effect of ETS. Moreover, the mediating effects of technical progress and capital investment are explored. We find that China’s pilot ETS boosted carbon productivity. Among pilot regions, the best policy effectiveness appeared in Beijing, while the weakest effectiveness appeared in Chongqing. Among the pilot industries, the pilot ETS had better effectiveness in petrochemical and electric power industries and weaker effectiveness in building materials and transportation industries. Additionally, the pilot ETS promoted carbon productivity through both technological progress and capital investment, and the former contributed more. Our findings can provide empirical references and policy implications for nationwide implementation of ETS to further promote low-carbon economic transformation.

scholarly journals Public reporting of performance measures in long-term care in Canada: does it make a difference?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Poldrugovac ◽  
J E Amuah ◽  
H Wei-Randall ◽  
P Sidhom ◽  
K Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Public Reporting ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Evidence of the impact of public reporting of healthcare performance on quality improvement is not yet sufficient to draw conclusions with certainty, despite the important policy implications. This study explored the impact of implementing public reporting of performance indicators of long-term care facilities in Canada. The objective was to analyse whether improvements can be observed in performance measures after publication. Methods We considered 16 performance indicators in long-term care in Canada, 8 of which are publicly reported at a facility level, while the other 8 are privately reported. We analysed data from the Continuing Care Reporting System managed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information and based on information collection with RAI-MDS 2.0 © between the fiscal years 2011 and 2018. A multilevel model was developed to analyse time trends, before and after publication, which started in 2015. The analysis was also stratified by key sample characteristics, such as the facilities' jurisdiction, size, urban or rural location and performance prior to publication. Results Data from 1087 long-term care facilities were included. Among the 8 publicly reported indicators, the trend in the period after publication did not change significantly in 5 cases, improved in 2 cases and worsened in 1 case. Among the 8 privately reported indicators, no change was observed in 7, and worsening in 1 indicator. The stratification of the data suggests that for those indicators that were already improving prior to public reporting, there was either no change in trend or there was a decrease in the rate of improvement after publication. For those indicators that showed a worsening trend prior to public reporting, the contrary was observed. Conclusions Our findings suggest public reporting of performance data can support change. The trends of performance indicators prior to publication appear to have an impact on whether further change will occur after publication. Key messages Public reporting is likely one of the factors affecting change in performance in long-term care facilities. Public reporting of performance measures in long-term care facilities may support improvements in particular in cases where improvement was not observed before publication.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Amendment of Taiwan’s Certified Public Accountant Act in 2007 on Large Accounting Firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1229
Author(s):  
Chung-Cheng Yang ◽  
Jianxiong Chen ◽  
Wen-Chi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Certified Public Accountant ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Revenue Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Accountant

Taiwan’s Financial Supervisory Commission of the Executive Yuan promulgated the fully amended Certified Public Accountant Act in 2007, which directly led to significant changes in accounting law. From the perspective of the economic theory of law, this study investigates the amendment of the Certified Public Accountant Act resulting in an increase or decrease in the overall revenue and different revenue shares of accounting firms, and puts forward measures that should be taken by accounting firms and stakeholders. We focus on large accounting firms and divide the sample period into before and after 2008. This study uses the translog revenue function and revenue share functions of the public accounting industry, and based on the 1989–2017 Survey Report of Audit Firms in Taiwan, and we find that the amendment of the Certified Public Accountant Act has had a positive effect on overall revenue, increasing overall revenue and the overall management advisory services shares, and in reducing the overall accounting and auditing shares and tax services shares of large accounting firms. Additional analyses provide regulators with public policy implications and provide accounting firms with managerial information.

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