scholarly journals The Philosophy of Accidentality

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-409
Author(s):  
MANUEL VARGAS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Cultural Alienation ◽  
Mexican Philosophy ◽  
Social Subordination

AbstractIn mid-twentieth-century Mexican philosophy, there was a peculiar nationalist existentialist project focused on the cultural conditions of agency. This article revisits some of those ideas, including the idea that there is an important but underappreciated experience of one's relationship to norms and social meanings. This experience—something called accidentality—casts new light on various forms of social subordination and socially scaffolded agency, including cultural alienation, biculturality, and double consciousness.

“Mock Jewish” in Early Twentieth-Century Tunisia: Linguistic Form and Social Meaning

Arabica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 216-280
Author(s):  
Benjamin Koerber
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Culture ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Linguistic Difference ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Meanings

Abstract The article presents a sociolinguistic profile of “Mock Jewish,” or the stylized varieties of Judeo-Arabic deployed for humorous purposes in early twentieth-century Tunisian public culture. We assembled a corpus of texts from both print and audio-visual media, including newspaper columns, television and radio performances, folktales, and plays, in which “Jewish” (yahūdī) or “Israelite” (isrāʾīlī) voices are stylized with exaggerated forms of linguistic difference. The purpose of the analysis is not to evaluate the inauthenticity of Mock Jewish vis-à-vis Judeo-Arabic proper, but to understand how performers deploy these markedly “Jewish” stylistic tactics to create diverse social meanings and assess the effects of these performances on language and society. We argue that Mock Jewish forms part of the broader “ideologies of linguistic differentiation” that construct Jewish speech as separate and distinct from non-Jewish varieties. However, the performances of Mock Jewish are not limited to sectarian polemic, but engage diverse targets, derive from different motivations, and provoke divergent responses from audiences.

scholarly journals Festivals of spiritual songs in socio-cultural space of Ukraine of the end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Antonenko ◽  
Margaryta Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Choral Singing ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Cultural Method ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cultural Components

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of festivals of spiritual songs in the context of the development of the musical culture of Ukraine in the late twentieth – early twentieth century. The methodology is based on historical and culturological approaches. A systematic method is also used to characterize festivals of the Orthodox music tradition in their connection with other components of culture; socio-cultural method – in the study of socio-cultural components of the artistic phenomenon of the festival. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the activity of festivals of Orthodox sacred music as a new phenomenon in the musical culture of Ukraine is comprehensively analyzed. Conclusions. The emergence and active functioning of festivals of spiritual songs is one of the leading trends in the development of Orthodox musical culture in Ukraine. The ideological direction of the festivals is primarily of religious content, and, in addition to overcoming the negative trends in the field of culture, their leading function is the revival of orthodox traditions. Festivals of sacred music in Ukraine currently perform two main functions: educational and cultural. They contribute to the revival of the traditions of orthodox musical culture; demonstrate the traditions of orthodoxy in modern socio-cultural conditions; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine.

Epilogue

Mahjong ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Social Demographic

From the twentieth century into the twenty-first, mahjong’s cultural meaning continued to evolve and diversify along with the social, demographic, and technological changes that marked each era. Today mahjong is once again rising in popularity. The game’s adaptability continues to undergird its evolving social meanings, from ongoing ethnic and gendered resonances to a new digital world and increasing diversification. A mahjong revival is being fueled by collectors interested in the game’s aesthetics and materiality, nostalgic baby boomers recalling their mothers’ forms of play and community, and younger generations looking for ethnic roots and undeterred by gendered stigmas, as an American gaze increasingly fixates on a China seen as, once again, both alluring and ominous.

Cities as One Site for Religion and Violence

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Sassen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Territorial Conflict ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Asymmetric War ◽  
Global Modernity ◽  
Inter State

This chapter covers the question of organized religions in the complex global modernity. It explores a range of interactions between the rise of cities as key global spaces for economic, political, and cultural conditions, and the rise of religion as a major force in setting where it was not quite so in the twentieth century, which saw the rise of the secularizing state. The chapter develops the urbanizing of war, as it feeds a particularly acute and violent bridging of cities with religious conflicts, and then takes two specific instances of asymmetric war, one in Mumbai and one in Gaza, to investigate the variable and contradictory elements in this bridging. Religion has emerged as one key organizing and legitimating passion, even as it is often not the cause. The Mumbai attacks had succeeded in drawing a conventional inter-state conflict into the specifics and momentary event that was that attack. Gaza displays the limits of power and the limits of war. The chapter makes visible the territorial conflict driving some of the current religious conflict, even as both sides make use of this long history to justify their actions.

Inhuman Arts: From Cubism to New Media

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Media Art ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
New Media Art ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Guillaume Apollinaire ◽  
European Philosophy

Twentieth century European philosophy has seen many influential critiques of the technological dehumanisation process, often accompanied by appeals to the humanising powers of art as a potential response. And yet, Guillaume Apollinaire wrote in The Cubist Painters in 1913 that “Artists are, above all, men who want to become inhuman.” What would it mean for art to be “inhuman,” and what relation might inhuman arts have to the dehumanising effects of technology? This chapter traces the idea of the inhuman in art from cubism to new media art, focusing on the reflections on these topics by Lyotard, through his activities both as a philosopher of art and as an exhibition director. It traces the meaning that “the inhuman” has in relation to art in his work from the exhibition Les Immatériaux to his later writings on Malraux, aiming to show how, for Lyotard, a “positive” aesthetic conception of the inhuman can act as an antidote to the “negative” inhuman of contemporary cultural conditions.

Photography and Illustration

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-279
Author(s):  
Frances Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Visual Journalism ◽  
Press History ◽  
Economic Constraints

This chapter examines press images as an interaction between visual and technological/ economic constraints and opportunities of print technology in dialogue with other mediums of mass communication throughout the twentieth century, including an account of different workers and their expertise in visual production such as printers, graphic designers, art directors or commercial photographers. The opening question was why and how news images (initially technically challenging and expensive) have only gained in importance across the twentieth century. In addition, the narrative scope across Britain and Ireland in this collected press history allowed this chapter to engage with the role of news images in processes of nation building since the rise of Irish independence and to offer a different analysis from other accounts of visual journalism in press history, which may be either more general in scope, or focused on one specific time or place. Instead, the chapter examined diverging practices under the local cultural conditions developing in Ireland (South and North) and Great Britain, and the role of images within the ‘imagined communities’ sketched by particular publications as varied as Picture Post or An Phoblacht.

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