Expanding Paleoindian Diet Breadth: Paleoethnobotany of Connley Cave 5, Oregon, USA

Paleoethnobotanical perspectives are essential for understanding past lifeways yet continue to be underrepresented in Paleoindian research. We present new archaeobotanical and radiocarbon data from combustion features within stratified cultural components at Connley Caves, Oregon, that reaffirm the inclusion of plants in the diet of Paleoindian groups. Botanical remains from three features in Connley Cave 5 show that people foraged for diverse dryland taxa and a narrow range of wetland plants during the summer and fall months. These data add new taxa to the known Pleistocene food economy and support the idea that groups equipped with Western Stemmed Tradition toolkits had broad, flexible diets. When viewed continentally, this work contributes to a growing body of research indicating that regionally adapted subsistence strategies were in place by at least the Younger Dryas and that some foragers in the Far West may have incorporated a wider range of plants including small seeds, leafy greens, fruits, cacti, and geophytes into their diet earlier than did Paleoindian groups elsewhere in North America. The increasing appearance of diverse and seemingly low-ranked resources in the emerging Paleoindian plant-food economy suggests the need to explore a variety of nutritional variables to explain certain aspects of early foraging behavior.

ICT as an Acculturative Agent and Its Role in the Tourism Context

ICTs have played a transformative role on the cultural components of all stratums of the society. This role has had a demand as well as supply-oriented reflection on the tourism system. In the scope of this chapter, the role of ICTs in the changing social structure is explained through the lens of acculturation. Beyond this, the acculturative process on the modern community's tourism-oriented reflections caused by ICTs were discussed through nine components (renting over owning, free-of-charge ownership, narcissism, connected loneliness, social capital, multiple realities, new identities, novel values, enculturation), and predictions were made with a futuristic perspective. In this context, it was explicated that the ICT-oriented digital acculturation process would add the concepts alternative tourism types, soft mass tourism, sharing economy-based tourism system, intense offline interactions between host and guests, multicultural destinations, virtual reality-based leisure, sharing as a novel pushing motivation, virtual demonstration effect, and diaspora to the future tourism system.

Exploring Causal Relationships for Geoheritage Interpretation — Variable Effects of Cenozoic Volcanism in Central European Sedimentary Tablelands

Modern conceptual approach to geointerpretation and geoeducation emphasizes the holistic understanding of the environment and attends to linkages between various abiotic, biotic, and cultural components. In this paper, we highlight multiple relationships between Cenozoic volcanism and host sedimentary rocks, mainly sandstones of Cretaceous age, which can be explored in the context of geotourism and geoeducation in several Central European geoparks (Bohemian Paradise UNESCO Global Geopark, Land of Extinct Volcanoes Aspiring Geopark, Ralsko National Geopark) and their surroundings. These include the effects of magmatism on sandstones, with further consequences for landform development at different spatial scales, the origin of mineral resources, underpinning of biological diversity, and specific land use contrasts. Existing interpretation provisions are reviewed, and a three-tiered framework to show these different linkages is proposed. It is argued that different, but complementary themes can be addressed at the landscape, landform, and individual outcrop (geosite) level.

CURRENT STATE OF THE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN’S HEALTHCARE AND LEISURE INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The paper substantiates the state of the system of children’s healthcare and leisure institutions development in Ukraine. We can state that today there is a fairly extensive system of institutions that have a certain time frame of functioning (during the calendar year, in the summer), different bases of existence (in general secondary educational institutions, in additional educational institutions, in medical and health centers, bases and complexes, tourist centers), and different profile (healthcare, leisure, education). The regulative base of the institutions functioning is characterized. The strategy of branch development, types and forms of activity, principles and directions of work are emphasized. Documents legally regulate their organizational, financial, educational, and cultural components. The aim, objectives, directions of public organizations work are covered. The main aim of the public organizations activities in the field of children’s healthcare and leisure institutions is the protection of rights and freedoms, the satisfaction of public, including children’s economic, social, cultural, environmental and other interests. Objectives of organizations include the following ones: defending the rights and freedoms of the process participants, the need to develop educational, methodological, information base, and training of qualified professionals capable of providing a high level of services in the sphere of children’s healthcare and leisure; the development and implementation of innovative technologies for internal and external use; and the development of a system for monitoring and evaluating the work of healthcare and leisure institutions. Approaches to the classification of types of institutions are revealed. Features of work of different types of institutions are defined.

Upacara Ngerebong di Pura Agung Petilan Desa Adat Kesiman

Ngerebong ceremony is an oral tradition which is interpreted as a sacred ritual for the people in the Kesiman Traditional Village, Denpasar City. The Ngerebong ceremony is held every six months, to be precise every eight days after Kuningan Day. Until now, the Ngerebong ceremony which involves many parties and cultural components is still carried out by the Kesiman Traditional Village community. This is a challenge for the people of the Kesiman Traditional Village who do not shut themselves off from the influence of modernization. The purpose of this research was carried out to find out and understand the problems associated with the implementation of the Ngerebong ceremony for the people of the Kesiman Traditional Village. The research, which is located in the Kesiman traditional village, was conducted using qualitative methods and analyzed using the habitus theory. The problems studied include (1) what factors cause changes in the implementation of the Ngerebong ceremony?; (2) what is the function of the Ngerebong ceremony for the people of the Kesiman Traditional Village?; (3) what are the implications of the Ngerebong ceremony for the people of Denpasar City? The results showed that (1) the people of the Kesiman Traditional Village saw that they had to continue to carry out the Ngerebong ceremony because in their life it was motivated by religious ideology, conservation ideology, power ideology, and cultural ideology that made them obey the traditions they already had; (2) along with the times, the people of the Kesiman Traditional Village carry out the Ngerebong ceremony lively but still in accordance with the stages, traditions and customs they already have; (3) the implications of the implementation of the Ngerebong ceremony in the current global era for the people of the Kesiman Traditional Village appear to directly touch the characteristics of their life, strengthening the quality of cultural values ??and togetherness for all people in facing the challenges of cultural change in the global era.

Chants, Hypertext, and Prosulas

The liturgical chant that was sung in the churches of southern Italy between the ninth and the thirteenth centuries reflects the multiculturalism of a territory in which Roman, Franks, Lombards, Byzantines, Normans, Jews, and Muslims were present at various times and with different political roles. This book examines a specific genre, the prosulas that were composed to embellish and expand preexisting liturgical chants of the liturgy of mass. Widespread in medieval Europe, prosulas were highly cultivated in southern Italy, especially by the nuns, monks, and clerics in the city of Benevento. They shed light on the creativity of local cantors to provide new meanings to the liturgy in accordance with contemporary waves of religious spirituality and to experiment with a novel musical style in which a syllabic setting is paired with the free-flowing melody of the parent chant. In their representing an epistemological “beyond” and because of their interconnectedness with the parent chant, they can be likened to modern hypertexts. The emphasis on universal saints of ancient lineage stressed the perceived links with the cradles of Christianity, Africa and West Asia, and the center of the papal power, Rome, while the high number of Christological prosulas in manuscripts used in nunneries might be tied to the devotion to Jesus as “spiritual spouse” that was typical of female religiosity. Full editions of texts, melodies, and manuscript facsimiles in the companion website enrich the study of the stylistic features and the cultural components of this fascinating genre.

Festivals of spiritual songs in socio-cultural space of Ukraine of the end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI centuries

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of festivals of spiritual songs in the context of the development of the musical culture of Ukraine in the late twentieth – early twentieth century. The methodology is based on historical and culturological approaches. A systematic method is also used to characterize festivals of the Orthodox music tradition in their connection with other components of culture; socio-cultural method – in the study of socio-cultural components of the artistic phenomenon of the festival. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the activity of festivals of Orthodox sacred music as a new phenomenon in the musical culture of Ukraine is comprehensively analyzed. Conclusions. The emergence and active functioning of festivals of spiritual songs is one of the leading trends in the development of Orthodox musical culture in Ukraine. The ideological direction of the festivals is primarily of religious content, and, in addition to overcoming the negative trends in the field of culture, their leading function is the revival of orthodox traditions. Festivals of sacred music in Ukraine currently perform two main functions: educational and cultural. They contribute to the revival of the traditions of orthodox musical culture; demonstrate the traditions of orthodoxy in modern socio-cultural conditions; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine.

The “Gypsy from Moldova” doll as a symbol of romantic perception of roma in the soviet period

This study is devoted to the conceptualization of the «Gypsy of Moldova» doll, which became an ethnocultural symbol in the Soviet period. The doll the «Gypsy of Moldova», which has the status of a souvenir, made at the Chisinau toy factory by the Association of Chemical Enterprises in 1975, was sketched by S. Chervinskaya, the chief artist of the enterprise, a member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. The doll «Gypsy of Moldova», made at the Chisinau toy factory in the mid-70s, along with other ethnic dolls, fit into the task of producing souvenirs as an important resource for increasing the tourist attractiveness and shaping the image of the republic. The doll «The Gypsy of Moldova» is interesting because it eventually moved from the subject world to the conceptual one, concentrating in itself the ideals and problems of the Soviet era, during which the idea of those who were personified by this doll was extremely romanticized. Nevertheless, the doll the «Gypsy of Moldova», thanks to the author’s idea of S. M. Chervinskaya, still broadcasts both universal and national-cultural components, the identity of the ethnic group, being its original portrait and symbol.

Conceptual proposal of the landscape as an environmental indicator for the spatial and temporal study of the territory

Objective: To propose the landscape as an environmental indicator that spatially and temporally, describes, analyzes, and evaluates territory, by changing some natural, social, economic, and cultural components. Approach: Different methodological concepts of the landscape and environmental indicators were reviewed, as well as their characteristics to describe and evaluate the environment. Results: It was found that the landscape is a comprehensive analysis method for the study of the environment, by selecting the parameters that describe and represent each landscape, through shapes, size, colors, textures, shadows, patterns, situations, associated features, and structures arranged under a spatial and temporal order which, when perceived by humans, present a given form of organization or disorganization in the environment. Implications: The environmental indicator allows to analyze and evaluate the changes in space and time, with updated qualitative and quantitative research. These changes play an important role in building the perception of environmental problems through the landscape. Conclusion: Landscape is an integral component that describes the biotic and abiotic elements of a given space. While, as an environmental indicator, it analyzes and evaluates changes in the composition and configuration of the environment, both spatially and temporally.

A Discursive Analysis on Gender Biased Issues in the International ELT Textbooks

Although textbook is one of the traditional ELT material that playacts an authentic hazardous character in all English language classrooms, in the latest decades there has been a lot of controversies all over the ELT business on the real role of mediums in teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL). Other points that have appeared in these years encompass textbook designs and practicality, the authenticity of materials in terms of the appropriateness and equality of gender representation, and cultural components. This research is an attempt to scrutinize the representational method of genders in English learning book series, i.e., Face 2 Face Student Textbooks. To reach this end, of the four volumes of the English textbook series “Face 2 Face” were studied with a stress on the representation rate of male and female characters by conducting the content analysis of gender attributed lexicon such as names, nouns, pronouns, and adjectives to see if the two genders are equally distributed. Chi-squares based on five factors (female vs. male’s characters, titles, order of appearance, engaging activities and, pictorial representation) as well as gender representation in conversation accomplished to determine the proportion and frequency of the male vs. female discrimination. The findings revealed that this series is significantly bearing sexism; Male is more foregrounded than female. Comparing with females, males are outstanding in many ways such as independence, status and occupations.