The actions of the juridical branch of power of the autocracy in relation to the activity of oppositional political parties founded at the end of the 19-th – beginning of the 20-th centuries in Russian Empire and headed liberator and national-liberator movement in the country, which were aimed at cease of their political activity and occurred simultaneously with administrative repressions over political opponents of the existing system. After all, the law in force in the empire until October 1905 did not allow the existence and activity of any political parties in the country. In the conditions of the lawfulness proclaimed by tsarist (even with all its limitations), the authorities were forced to resort to court assistance. The accusatory verdict was the most severe punishment. According to the law of the country, the most important matters are cases of corruption (and the case of state-owned crime was political, against officials, for example, were the most serious crimes) were subject in essence only in district courts and chambers of court. Similar order was launched in 1864, during the course of the reformation, which entered three-stage court system. The courts of the first instance were district courts. There were twenty-eight district courts in Ukraine. The courts of the second instance were judicial chambers. In Ukraine, there were three of them –in Kyiv, Odessa and Kharkov. Here are just some examples. In 1901 the prosecutor of the Kyiv court chamber considered the case concerning the members of the secret organization «Kiev an revolutionaries independent» the carpenter E. Shcherbak and locksmith P. Petrov who were accused of distributing in Kyiv a brochure «How to keep yourself on interrogation», the magazine «Svoboda» and another illegal literature, noted in their working papers, and the court punished them for it. During the peasant riots in the Poltava and Kharkov regions in the spring of 1902, the Kharkov Chamber of Justice acted expeditiously, punishing the peasants for their participation in them. In July 1904, in Lipovets, in the Kyiv region, a peasant Dmitry Perebyinos found brochures «Uncle Dmitry», which he distributed among his fellow villagers. The Kiev an court chamber condemned D. Perebynos according to art. 130 of criminal code for two weeks imprisonment. During the First Russian Revolution, which began at this time, the judiciary in every way promoted the local administrative authorities in defining its properties of the committed «criminal acts» and punishing the perpetrators.
he attitude of the prosecutor's office and the autocracy court to the activities of members of the Ukrainian political parties of the Dnieper in the early twentieth century.
