HISTORY OF ONE CRIME: ANDRIY SPSAY AND THE CRACKS OF THE XX CENTURY

The article deals with the biography of the peasant Andrii Sapsai, whose life came at a time of the great turmoil in the first half of the twentieth century.On the eve of the 1917 revolution his family successfully farmed in the village Pryyut of Katerynoslav province. In the post-revolutionary years they continued to farm: they kept cattle, cultivated land. The turning point for the family was the dislocation and eviction from the village.The whole family was deported to live in the Urals at the Lisna Vovchanka station. There Andrii was sentenced under a political article. On the eve of the German-Soviet war he returned to Ukraine and settled not far from the village Pryyut.With the arrival of German troops he volunteered with the police, moved to the village Pryyut where he settled down in his house. He was responsible for sending local youth to Germany, searching the villages of those in hiding, and sending them to the collection point in the village Friesendorf, and from there escorted to the train station. Aboveall, Andrii Sapsai participated in the execution of the Jews of the village Kamyana in the Berestianabalka.In May 1942, police officers from the area were summoned to the Friesendorf meeting, for a total of 50 men arrived. The police chief Keller ordered everyone to get into two trucks and to go to the village Zlatoustovka.The policemen were brought to the Berestiana balka, which was located near the village, where a hole up to 20 m long, 2 m wide and 2 m deep had already been dug.They were informed that the Jews were going to be brought now and they would have to be shot. Those who would refuse to participate in the shooting would face severe punishment. Following the police the chief of the Friesendorf Gendarmerie, who had organized the whole process, arrived. In 1934 he left the territory of Ukraine together with some German troops, reaching Romania and leaving them there. In the summer of 1944 local authorities gathered those who had retreated with the Germans at the camp and they worked to rebuild the airfield and then they were transferred to the Soviet command. Then Andrii was called to the ranks of the Red Army by the field enlistment office. To the 4th platoon of the 1st military company, 375 special assault battalion 41 rifle regiment of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.He participated in the battles for the liberation of Hungary, in January 1944 became a German prisoner, and in May 1945 in the territory of Austria he was liberated by Soviet troops and again drafted into the army, where he served until 1946.

THE FIGHTING OF THE CARALIAN AUTHORITIES OF CZARISM WITH THE UKRAINIAN POLITICAL PARTIES OF THE ADVENTURES IN THE YEARS OF THE FIRST THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

The actions of the juridicalbranch of power of the autocracyin relationto the activity of oppositional political parties founded at the end of the 19-th – beginning of the 20-th centuries in Russian Empire and headed liberatoryand national-liberatorymovement in the country, whichwere aimed at ceaseof their politicalactivity and occurred simultaneously with administrative repressions over political opponents of the existing system.After all, the law in force in the empire until October 1905 did not allow the existence and activity of any political partiesin the country. In the conditions of the lawfulness proclaimed by tsarism (even with all its limitations), the authorities were forced to resort to court assistance. The accusatory verdict was the most severe punishment.During the First Russian Revolution, which began at this time, the judiciary in every way promoted the local administrative authorities in defining its properties of the committed «criminal acts» and punishing the perpetrators. More or less «condescending» sentences of judges against representatives of the revolutionary and national liberation movements in 1905 forced the tsarist judiciary to review such a judicial procedure and strengthen its harshness on defendants who committed crimes against the authorities. Subsequently, the Ministry of Justice issued a variety of secret circulars, aimed at intensifying the struggle of the courts against the revolutionary movement, and the court machine of the tsar began to increase pressure. The law of March 18, 1906, restricted the publicity of the court and the timeframe for hearing cases, abolished the requirement to record witnesses’ statements in the minutes and to motivate sentences. On May 11, 1906, the Ministry of Justice issued a circular to the courts No. 2015, which stated that cases of the most serious state crimes should be heard in the special presence of the court chamber behind closed doors. It consisted of a provincial nobleman, a mayor, and state representatives. The judicial power of the autocracy was actively “working”, punishing representatives and supporters of Ukrainian political parties when their activities were related to elections to the Second State Duma. At the same time, the royal court severely punished representatives of Ukrainian political parties, even if they were considered underage by the laws of the Russian Empire, without even considering some of them as guilty.

ART IMAGES IN TV PROFESSOR VK YAKUNIN

The article is devoted is scientific personal contribution to the development of fine art by the talented scientist and teacher Victor Kuzmovich Yakunin, who proved himself a capable amateur artist, embodying a certain system of artistic standards, attracting forms of professional art, emphasizes that the genre preferences of the artist were, in the time and portraits, there were copies of canvases of famous artists.

THE INTELLECTUAL WORLD OF PROFESSOR VK YAKUNIN

The intellectual world of the famous scientist-historian, historiographіan, methodologist, professor V.K. Yakunin, representing the system of scientific, pedagogical, ideological, socio-political, legal, moral-ethical, aesthetic ideas, contents, values, interests, isexplored in the article; forms and directions of mental activity; collective, group and individual, corporate and private contacts, which fill the way of creative life of the scientist-teacher. It is proved that in the process of formation and formation of creative activity the intellectual world of professor V. K. Yakunin under went seven stages of progress – from the preparatory stage of youth to the stages of creative exaltation and maturity of the end of XX – beginning of XXI century. Recent period shave been characterized by the greatest dynamism and diversity, covering history, historiography, methodology, ideology, politics, and fine arts.

BOOK SHOWS AND THE READING UNIVERSE PROFESSOR VK YAKUNINA

The research deals with creating a diverse reader image of an intellectual personality of a historian. V.K. Yakunin started his reading career as a student of Dnipropetrovsk State University in the 1960’s. During his studies he constantly visited the scientific library. It was at this time when he first became acquainted with rare and valuable editions on historical subjects. The reading experience of the historian is about 60 years. While writing his Candidate dissertation (1972) and PhD thesis (1990), he worked with a significant number of sources and literature, and he also used interlibrary loan services. He was a high-level bibliographer, he constantly searched and selected carefully new books of political and historical content. V.K.Yakunin began to collect his own library from the late 1960s. The analysis of his reader cards from the departments of scientific literature and fiction shows that scientist V.K. Yakunin paid primary attention to documents, book sources and periodicals. He perfectly knew the works of foreign historical science classics. He was interested in memoir literature. Psychological and art literature was not ignored by the scientist. The historian always turned to classical works and editions of contemporary Ukrainian writers. V. K. Yakunin’s private library totals about 2000 copies in Ukrainian, Russian and German. It has been stored in the Scientific Library since 2017. Each copy of the professor’s book collection received the stamp «Professor V.K. Yakunin’s Library». The chronological limits of the book collection cover the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century. Most publications are books of social and humanitarian directions. He was interested in the history of the 20th century: political history, public opinion, World War II, history of Nazism, the Ukrainian national movement. Memories held a special place in the book collection. Ways of acquisition to the Library: donations and purchasing. The historian was surrounded by books during his life. Thus, the value of the book collection of Professor V.K. Yakunin is in the presence of a large number of publications that give an idea of the state of book publishing in Ukraine and Russia and indicate the high intellectual level of its owner.

PECULIARITIES OF THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE DISSIDENT MOVEMENT IN UKRAINE In the 1950s-1980s

The article deals with the peculiarities of the development of the domestic and foreign historiography of the dissident movement in the Ukrainian SSR in the 1950’s and 1980’s. Particular attention is paid to key figures and issues in the topic. It has been determined that the study of the problem is under development. Only at the present stage are the first soil works published. However, the regional aspect of the topic is poorly understood. The article analyzes the first key works on the topic. The author presents the main topics of foreign and diaspora scholars who have researched the dissident movement in Ukraine. The article gives an analysis of contemporary Ukrainian studies of dissent in the USSR.The historiography of the problem is quite diverse. It includes works by both domestic and foreign authors who, since independence, have rushed to fill the «white spots» in the history of Ukrainian dissident. However, unfortunately, it should be acknowledged that the greatest contribution to the actualization and development of this topic has been made not by historians but by political scientists, writers, publicists, and journalists. Most of the historical works on this subject are so far disparate articles, which highlight certain fragments of social processes that require conscientious unification like puzzles in order to get a complete historical picture and find out all the circumstances of the emergence of a dissident movement in the conditions of totalitarian movement / authoritarian regime and determine its role in the proclamation of state independence of Ukraine.

UKRAINIAN PEOPLE-EDUCATOR B. GRINCHENKO IN HISTORIOGRAPHIC VIEW

The person of Boris Grintchenko as the worker on cultural, educational and social field and the popularizer of the national upbringing and national education and the bright representative of the Ukrainian national elite of the end of 19-th – the beginning of 20-th centuries is studied in the article. The study of the main ideas of the outstanding scientist and publisher B. Grinchenko allows you to appeal to the authority of the past, gives you the opportunity to find support in the Ukrainian tradition of moral and aesthetic development based on the best achievements of ethnic pedagogy. In connection with the recent events in our country, more attention was paid to the problems of upbringing. Therefore it is so important to appeal to the richest heritage of the teachers of the past, and B. Grichenko, in particular, because he saw the main goal of his life in the awakening of national selfconsciousness. The main lines that reveal the emergence of B. Grinchenko as a representative of the Ukrainian national elite are: 1) the influence of the family environment in which the scholar was brought up; 2) the historical conditions in which B. Grinchenko lived; 3) sociocultural and spiritual and philosophical development of the scientist during life; 4) preserving their own Ukrainianness and national identity; 5) the presence of a significant contribution to the development of Ukraine; 6) the combination of one’s fate with that of Ukraine. The article deals with the historiographical traditions in the study of the figure of Boris Grinchenko. Separated the main stages of historiography concerning studies of the B.D. Grinchenko`s figure emphasizing on the modern stage of development of the problem based on the methodology, problematic - thematic content and the source base. Suggested further development of the study of the problem.

THE MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING SPHERE OF THE UKRAINIAN VILLAGE: TASKS OF REFORMING IN HOURS Khrushchev's Thaw

Attempts are being made to reform the Khrushchev leadership of the Ukrainian agricultural sector in the context of a proclaimed policy of a powerful uplift of the agricultural sector in the short term. The ways and methods used to achieve this goal are shown. It was noted that in addition to financial support and reorganization of the structure of management of the material and production sphere of the village, a course was taken to increase the intellectual potential of the management and technological units of the collective farm production and its servicing structures, namely, machine-tractor stations. It is shown that this was planned at the expense of non-agricultural workers and residents of the city. It was found that the course to solve problems of agricultural production at the expense of other sectors of the economy did not justify itself At the same time, it is noted, in the course of its implementation, radical structural and organizational changes have occurred in the industry, the result of which was the abolition of the outdated system of relations between the collective farms and the state. The servicing agricultural artel structures, together with the material base and their employees, were included in the collective farms and became their integral part. At the same time there was a change in the functions of their specialists. Instead of bureaucratic planning and control, they began to implement technological and managerial ones. As a result of such changes, a new professional and industrial unit was formed in the collective farms, and in the countryside - a new social stratum - the production intelligentsia. In essence, this process was a cursory one, as the priority was to increase the productivity of collective farm production in accordance with the increased needs of the state through the elementary quantitative saturation of technological and managerial units of collective farms employees assigned to perform the relevant functions. This testified to the continued underestimation of the agricultural industry and the new management, to treating it as less valuable than other industries. In fact, despite certain quantitative and qualitative shifts, there was a lack of fulfillment of the basic tasks of organizational and economic reform of the material and production sphere of the Ukrainian village, as one of the important components of a powerful uplift of agricultural production.

VK YAKUNIN SCIENTIFIC, PUBLIC AND POLITICAL ACTOR OF HOURS "REBUILDING" AND REFORMING OF THE UKRAINIAN SOCIETY ON THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS

The scientific and social and political views of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Yakunin Victor Kuzmich are considered. Emphasis is placed on his principled position in attitude to the «truth of history», the honesty and decency of scientific research. In the article shows that the main focus of his work was the fight against chauvinism and refined nationalism.The content and essence of universal categories «patriotic», «national» and «nationalistic» are revealed. Based on primary sources comprehends the contribution of historians of the Soviet period and Ukrainian scholars of the post-Soviet times to the study of the history of the OUN and the UIM. The analysis of socio-political phenomena and socio-cultural phenomena of patriotism and nationalism in their historical development is given.His scientific works «History, Ideology, Politics», «The CPSU collapse», «Patriotism and Nationalism: Experience and Lessons in History», «OUN Ideology: History and Modernity» and others testify to the author’s principle, thoroughness and talent. His language, manner of describing various historical events and factors is almost unmatched. His scientific works are easy to read and admire. V. K. Yakunin in his scientific works analyzes the views of historians who disagree with him and have opposite visions of the «truth of history». He agrees with some points of criticism of the author, but by principles he gives his arguments and evidence. This is the truth and power of the Ukrainian scientist since the restructuring and reform of public relations in Ukraine. The article draws attention to the poor health of the professor, that he underwent heart surgery. Emphasis is placed on the support of V.K. Yakunin by colleagues and associates.

ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINIAN ADD OF THE DNEPROPETROVSK INTER-GOVERNMENT PERIOD Nazi occupation 1941-1943. (According to the materials of criminal investigations management of the Security Service of Ukraine in Dnipropetrovsk region).

Ihe article is one first the research historiography, where оn the basis various sources the problems of the study stage of Resistance Movement on the territory of Region occupied by the fascist troops are Scrutinized. As a result of first the research the state of the German occupation organs in the given region. Is modeled and its sociocultura policy is characterized the Forming of occupation government and input of «new order» bodies in regions. The special attention is paid to the forming of local population’s mood as to the occupation power, the strategy of survival modulation condition and contributions the realization of passive form of by the citizens Resistance moment blowing off the economic and military action. On the example of the given region the basic tendencies which played an active role in the process of creation are investigated and genesis of active forms of fight against fascist invaders and the specific features of Resistance moment are outlined on the certain regional level. On the basis of the scrutinized «verbal history» materials, reasons of Resistance population’s against occupation power are formed and their social base. General resistance is traced. The directions forms and methods of antifascist fight are studied in the given work. The real participant’s impact of active and passive resistance forms in land slide victory against the enemy is demonstrated.