The Role of International Organizations in Disaster Response: A Case Study of Recent Earthquakes in Japan

2014 ◽  
pp. 295-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

Social capital and livelihood strategies in response after 2013 Kedarnath disaster (India)

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi Naithani ◽  
Ashis Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Post Disaster

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the role of livelihood assets, strategies and local social networks in disaster response and recovery in post-disaster setting of 2013 Kedarnath disaster (India).Design/methodology/approachIt identifies post disaster macro-spaces of Mandakini river valley (India) using change detection analysis and secondary data. Within these macro-spaces, the micro spaces of livelihood and social capital were assessed by selecting two villages for case study.FindingsMost important issues faced by communities were loss of lives, livelihoods and access to relief aid. A shift in economic base of families suffering loss of livelihoods was observed as they switched from pilgrimage-based to skill-based opportunities. Geographical location and isolation play a crucial role in recovery trajectory of villages by influencing the social capital.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper being case study based deals two of the worst-affected villages; livelihood strategies adopted and social network may be influenced by the “victim” status of villages and may not be generalized for each disaster-affected area.Social implicationsBridging and bonding networks were significant in geographically isolated places, while “linkages” were beneficial in bringing new livelihood opportunities. Need to enhance the role of social capital by institutional intervention in form of capacity building was required.Originality/valueThe study suggests focus on human capital-based livelihood diversification programs taking geographical location and disaster context into account.

scholarly journals Assessing the Role of Resolutions in the ilc Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Deplano, PhD
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
State Practice ◽  
International Law Commission

On 30 May 2016, the International Law Commission (‘ilc’) adopted a set of 16 Draft Conclusions providing a methodology on how to identify customary international law. Although largely based on the two elements approach set forth in article 38(1)(b) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the ilc study pushes the boundaries of the formal sources of international law beyond the realm of state practice by recognising that the practice of international organizations (‘ios’) as such may be constitutive of custom. This article critically examines the ilc Draft Conclusions concerning the role of ios in the process of custom creation. It examines the concept of resolution adopted by the ilc and assesses the coherence of the interpretive methodology devised by the ilc using the un General Assembly resolutions as a case study. The findings show that the Draft Conclusions fall short of expectation in providing authoritative guidance to scholars and practitioners alike.

scholarly journals The Role of Cash Transfers in Rebuilding Livelihoods in an Emergency Response: the Typhoon Haiyan Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nothando Gazi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
The Impact

The number of climate-related disasters is increasing more than ever before and cash is becoming an increasingly important tool to deliver assistance during a disaster response due to its flexibility and ability to cut across sectors, amongst other benefits. This research seeks to explore the role of cash in linking the relief phase to the long-term recovery through the promotion of sustainable livelihoods, by focusing on Typhoon Haiyan (known locally as Yolanda) as a case study. The Philippines has high exposure and vulnerability to climate-related disasters, however, it boasts of one of the most advanced social protection systems in the East Asia Pacific region (Bowen, 2015). In order to reach the research objectives, the research methodology employed involves a review of related literature, a field-based evaluation involving interviewing humanitarian practitioners and the adoption of DFID’s Sustainable Livelihood Framework (1999) as a framework of analysis. The results show that cash-based livelihood programming plays a vital role in leading the transition from relief to recovery due to the Value for Money (VfM) it delivers, role in strengthening local market and supply chains and the positive economic multiplier effects that benefit the wider community. Most interventions focus on asset creation, however, investment should be made into disaster risk reduction to reduce vulnerabilities that worsen the impact of shocks on poor households. Also, to enhance the benefits resulting from cash programming, supporting activities should be used in parallel with cash provision. Cash-for-training and livelihood start-up grants can empower women by increasing their human capital and introducing them to the formal economy. More work is required to transform the structures and policies that disadvantage women through patriarchal power systems.

Social work post-disaster response in Iran: A case study of the 2019 mass flooding in Poldokhtar, Lorestan

2021 ◽  
pp. 002087282110187
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Maarefvand ◽  
Maziyar Ghiabi ◽  
Fatemeh Nourshargh
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Outreach Services ◽  
New Material ◽  
Community Volunteers ◽  
Post Disaster

Flash-flooding affected Iran in March 2019 causing the displacement of thousands of people. Social workers established a Child Friendly Space (CFS) and applied comprehensive case management to provide psychosocial support for people who were affected by flooding (PWAF) (n = 565) in a community in Poldokhtar, covering a period of 3 months. Outreach services, involving community-volunteers, providing counseling, establishing CFS, training PWAF for reducing violence, and preventing child abuse were essential social work post-disaster interventions to support vulnerable populations. The article reflects upon the often-neglected role of social workers in post-disaster settings, and brings new material for discussion from the unexplored field of Iranian social workers.

scholarly journals Environmental Education for Students from School to University: Case Study on Biorefineries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nogales-Delgado ◽  
Martín
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

Universities play an important role in society. On the other hand, more and more governments and international organizations are concerned about the environment. Thus, both in their educational programs and research, as well as in the case of public exhibitions, universities are increasingly including subjects related to the environment and its preservation. In the case of Spain, there are fewer university students than ten years ago (from approximately 140,000 to fewer than 130,000), and the number of students interested in technical and scientific degrees has equally decreased. Consequently, the importance of fostering a scientific culture with concerns in environmental issues is continuously increasing, from schools to universities. The role of real scientific environments, such as laboratories devoted to scientific research, could be an important support for environmental divulgation, as most research carried out at universities have to do with these subjects. The aim of this work was to show a specific case of environmental education in a laboratory devoted to the production of biodiesel and biolubricants, covering a wide range of academic levels and, depending on the audience, selecting the right content (both theoretical and practical). This guide was useful for the laboratory technicians, increasing the interest of the audience (considering the expositions good or excellent, depending on the academic level, and gaining enough or excellent knowledge about biorefineries).

Transnational Operations, International Reactions, and Legitimacy: The Case of Turkey and Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Nyaburi Nyadera ◽  
Md. Nazmul Islam
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
International System ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
International Response ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
Peace Enforcement

Maintaining global peace and security remains an essential concern for many actors in the international system. To achieve this goal, both states and international organizations commend that action needs to be taken against perceived threats to national and international security. However, how to respond to these threats continues to divide the world. The declining role of the UN in peace enforcement, emergence of non-state actors, new forms of threats, and increasing unilateral actions by states have raised questions over the legitimacy of who, when, and how these actions can be taken. This article seeks to examine how international actors respond to transnational counterterrorism events. It adopts a comparative case study to discuss how regional and international actors reacted to Saudi Arabia’s Operation Decisive Storm in Yemen (2015) and Turkey’s Operation Peace Spring in Northern Syria (2019). It draws important similarities in the justification of both countries’ actions and the varying responses and attitudes these countries have received for their actions. The study identifies the lack of international consensus on transnational counterterrorism as a catalyst in the crisis being witnessed in crisis resolution. Factors such as timing, universality of the threat, prevailing circumstances, actors involved, and mode of operation shape international response on transnational actions.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS CONTRIBUTING TO ELECTIONS OBSERVATION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SECURING HUMAN RIGHTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Hanna Taranenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Globalized World

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of international organizations in elections observation as an instrument of ensuring human rights. The objectives are to analyze the notions of democracy and human rights, democratization trends worldwide, current threats to human rights related to elections procedures and the role of international organizations as entities safeguarding human rights in the globalized world. In order to investigate this problem the researcher utilized such scientific methods as deduction and induction, historical and comparative method and the case study one. Historical and comparative methods were used to trace the evolution of international organizations’’ activities with regard to elections observation and compare various organizations’ pertinent processes and procedures. Case study method was used to collect and analyze qualitative data about international organizations’ activity related to elections observation and to define their role in ensuring human rights, in particular, freedom of expression. The notions of democracy and human rights, democratization trends worldwide, current threats to human rights related to elections procedures and the role of international organizations as entities safeguarding human rights in the globalized world were analyzed. As a result, it can be stated that in the increasingly globalized world there are various democratization trends. There are different visions and models of democracy, yet no single one can be considered optimal. It can be noted that international organizations play a significant role in elections observation as an instrument of ensuring human rights. The dynamic rhythm of global development helps to promote plurality of ideas, political ideologies and ethical values. It can be concluded that in this increasingly interconnected world democracy has the function of a mediator promoting understanding among countries, first of all, through the United Nations. Democracy as a type of political regime, i. e. type of relationship between the country leadership and the people cannot function effectively without active social groups and civil society organizations. The political context has to promote freedom of speech, independent media, rule of law, effective judiciary system and overall respect for human rights. Freedom of expression and political choices are among fundamental human rights guaranteed by democratic national and international laws. International organizations are among the most noteworthy entities on the world arena safeguarding human rights and free expression of people’s political will. International organizations are working actively in order to tackle current threats to human rights, in particular, freedom of expression and freedom of political will. To this end, the international and national organizations provide comprehensive electoral support. The United Nations, the European Union, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Council of Europe are actively engaged in providing electoral support and assist in holding objective and just elections worldwide, especially in transitioning countries. They play a key role in providing electoral support in accordance with the international organizations’ mission, bolstering democracy and safeguarding human rights. The role of international organizations in the globalized world as human rights protector continues to be vital and indispensable.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS CONTRIBUTING TO ELECTIONS OBSERVATION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SECURING HUMAN RIGHTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Hanna Taranenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Globalized World

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of international organizations in elections observation as an instrument of ensuring human rights. The objectives are to analyze the notions of democracy and human rights, democratization trends worldwide, current threats to human rights related to elections procedures and the role of international organizations as entities safeguarding human rights in the globalized world. In order to investigate this problem the researcher utilized such scientific methods as deduction and induction, historical and comparative method and the case study one. Historical and comparative methods were used to trace the evolution of international organizations’’ activities with regard to elections observation and compare various organizations’ pertinent processes and procedures. Case study method was used to collect and analyze qualitative data about international organizations’ activity related to elections observation and to define their role in ensuring human rights, in particular, freedom of expression. The notions of democracy and human rights, democratization trends worldwide, current threats to human rights related to elections procedures and the role of international organizations as entities safeguarding human rights in the globalized world were analyzed. As a result, it can be stated that in the increasingly globalized world there are various democratization trends. There are different visions and models of democracy, yet no single one can be considered optimal. It can be noted that international organizations play a significant role in elections observation as an instrument of ensuring human rights. The dynamic rhythm of global development helps to promote plurality of ideas, political ideologies and ethical values. It can be concluded that in this increasingly interconnected world democracy has the function of a mediator promoting understanding among countries, first of all, through the United Nations. Democracy as a type of political regime, i. e. type of relationship between the country leadership and the people cannot function effectively without active social groups and civil society organizations. The political context has to promote freedom of speech, independent media, rule of law, effective judiciary system and overall respect for human rights. Freedom of expression and political choices are among fundamental human rights guaranteed by democratic national and international laws. International organizations are among the most noteworthy entities on the world arena safeguarding human rights and free expression of people’s political will. International organizations are working actively in order to tackle current threats to human rights, in particular, freedom of expression and freedom of political will. To this end, the international and national organizations provide comprehensive electoral support. The United Nations, the European Union, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Council of Europe are actively engaged in providing electoral support and assist in holding objective and just elections worldwide, especially in transitioning countries. They play a key role in providing electoral support in accordance with the international organizations’ mission, bolstering democracy and safeguarding human rights. The role of international organizations in the globalized world as human rights protector continues to be vital and indispensable.

scholarly journals Regional Security Institutions and Weak States: The Case of Post-Conflict Somalia and the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safia Farole
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Weak States ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Security Organizations

How do weak states in conflict-prone regions of the world manage crisis? This article applies a theory of international organizations as a framework to analyze how states in East Africa cooperated to address the problems associated with state collapse in Somalia. Based on a case study of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the study identifies unique factors for why weak states act through security organizations by focusing on the role of changing norms and structural factors. Finally, the article pinpoints factors that undermine the IGAD’s ability to live up to its full potential, and offers potential policy remedies.

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