Ubiquity of the standard construction

2015 ◽  
pp. 173-201
Author(s):  
Brian Conrad ◽  
Ofer Gabber ◽  
Gopal Prasad
2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05019
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Konstantinov ◽  
Elena Romanerikova ◽  
Margarita Borisova

The article presents some features of the translucent structures design of schools and kindergartens. The analysis of technical requirements for translucent structures of schools and kindergartens was represented. Based on a review of the typical composition of the premises of schools and kindergartens, it was found that different technical requirements should be established for translucent structures installed in rooms of various functional purposes and operating conditions. It was determined that the existing construction practice doesn’t take into account the differentiation of requirements for translucent structures of various premises of schools and kindergartens, and their design, as a rule, is taken to be the same for the entire construction objects. In future, it leads to disruption of the normal operation of the facility (especially in terms of ensuring normal temperature and humidity conditions and natural lighting of the premises). The features of the replacement of translucent structures in reconstructed schools and kindergartens were considered. It has been revealed that the use of modern types of translucent structures of standard construction (first of all, PVC window units) in the reconstruction leads to a significant decrease in the indicators of natural room lighting. Ways to solve this problem were given. Moreover, perspective directions for future research of the issue under consideration were considered.


2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-601
Author(s):  
Bernhard Mühlherr ◽  
Richard M. Weiss

AbstractA Tits polygon is a bipartite graph in which the neighborhood of every vertex is endowed with an “opposition relation” satisfying certain properties. Moufang polygons are precisely the Tits polygons in which these opposition relations are all trivial. There is a standard construction that produces a Tits polygon whose opposition relations are not all trivial from an arbitrary pair $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5},T)$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$ is a building of type $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$ is a spherical, irreducible Coxeter diagram of rank at least $3$, and $T$ is a Tits index of absolute type $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$ and relative rank $2$. A Tits polygon is called $k$-plump if its opposition relations satisfy a mild condition that is satisfied by all Tits triangles coming from a pair $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5},T)$ such that every panel of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$ has at least $k+1$ chambers. We show that a $5$-plump Tits triangle is parametrized and uniquely determined by a ring $R$ that is alternative and of stable rank $2$. We use the connection between Tits triangles and the theory of Veldkamp planes as developed by Veldkamp and Faulkner to show existence.


1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 587-592
Author(s):  
Charles W. Curtis

In this paper, A denotes a ring with an identity element 1, and B a subring of A containing 1 such that B satisfies the left and right minimum conditions, and A is a finitely generated left and right B-module. The identity element 1 is required to act as the identity operator on all modules which we shall consider. For any left B-module V, there is a standard construction of a left A -module which is, roughly speaking, the smallest A -module containing V.


2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Amir Chehayeb ◽  
Mohamed Al-Hussein ◽  
Peter Flynn

Construction contracts are becoming more complicated, and the increase in complexity of construction processes, documents, and conditions of contracts has contributed to a higher possibility of disputes and conflicting interpretations. The judicial system has been the means for dispute resolution for claims that cannot be solved through other means such as negotiation and arbitration. Knowledge of previous outcomes of judicial processes will both inform participants in a dispute and increase the likelihood of a less-expensive out-of-court dispute-resolution process. This paper presents a methodology to classify, categorize, and analyze Canadian case-law construction claims. In total, 567 Canadian construction court cases have been collected from 10 different sources and are classified into 12 categories that follow the Canadian Construction Documents Committee (CCDC) standard construction contract document CCDC 2-1994. The proposed methodology is implemented in a computer-integrated system called the Canadian construction claim tracker (CCCT), which consists of one central database and three modules, namely a statistical module, a prediction module, and a classification module. The CCCT provides its users with easy and quick access to past case-law claim information.Key words: construction courts, claims, litigation, artificial neural networks, Canadian Construction Documents Committee.


2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Belzunce ◽  
José M. Ruiz ◽  
Alfonso Suárez-Llorens

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Phan Dao ◽  
Nguyễn Thuy Lan Chi

Abstract Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the largest city in Vietnam, is steadily growing, certainly towards a mega city in the near future. Like other mega cities at the boom stage, it has to face with serious environmental matters insolvable for many years. The situation may be worse under the effects of global climate change, geological subsidence due to non-standard construction and sea level rise. The situation of HCMC can be damaged or even broken by resonant effects of unsolved environmental matters and latent impacts of climate change. This article shows the challenges to the urban sustainable development under the duo effect of urban environmental matters and climate change in Ho Chi Minh City. Opportunities and strategic directions to overcome the challenges are also analyzed and recommended.


2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meri T. Hughes ◽  
David A. Jorgensen ◽  
Liana M. Sega

We consider the question of how minimal acyclic complexes of finitely generated free modules arise over a commutative local ring. A standard construction gives that every totally reflexive module yields such a complex. We show that for certain rings this construction is essentially the only method of obtaining such complexes. We also give examples of rings which admit minimal acyclic complexes of finitely generated free modules which cannot be obtained by means of this construction.


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