International Parenting and Child Protection Matters Beyond the Specific Issue of Parental Child Abduction: The 1996 Hague Convention on the International Protection of Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Sandrine Alexandre-Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
Parental Abduction ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

The globalisation of the economy and the increasing ease of travel have led to the internationalisation of families. Bi-national couples and families relocating from one country to another are now commonplace. The international element of family life often leads to complex legal situations – such as international parental abduction – when these families are facing a crisis. However, the scope of legal issues arising from the internationalisation of families and affecting children is wider than the abduction problem and can relate to relocation, access rights, urgent protection measures or transborder placement, to name only a few. This paper aims to present the 1996 Hague Convention on the International Protection of Children which establishes a comprehensive framework ensuring the effectiveness of the rights of children involved in a crossborder situation.

scholarly journals El traslado ilícito de menores en la Unión Europea: retorno vs violencia familiar o doméstica = International child abduction in the European Union: return of the child vs domestic or family violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Isabel Reig Fabado
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Violencia Domestica ◽  
The Hague Convention

Resumen: Cada vez resulta más habitual la concurrencia de violencia doméstica o familiar en los supuestos de sustracción internacional de menores, en los que la retención o el traslado ilícito del menor se utiliza como una vía de alejamiento. El sistema de retorno inmediato del menor del Convenio de la Haya de 1980 prevé esta circunstancia bajo la excepción de grave riesgo del artículo 13.1.b), en un marco regulador poliédrico, que se completa con el Reglamento 2201/2003, Bruselas II bis –para los traslados intracomunitarios– y con las medidas de protección previstas en el Convenio de la Haya de 1996 –entre los Estados parte– y el procedimiento del Capítulo IV bis de la LEC española. Los problemas en la aplicación práctica y la apreciación del interés superior del menor se revelan especialmente polémicos en estos supuestos, sobre todo por lo que respecta a las ejecutorias.Palabras clave: sustracción internacional de menores, violencia doméstica o familiar, retorno seguro, carácter ejecutorio, medidas de protección del menor, derecho de audiencia del menor.Abstract: The occurrence of domestic or family violence in cases of international child abduction is increasingly common, in which the detention or illegal transfer of the child is used as a means of alienation. The system of immediate return of the child of the Hague Convention of 1980 provides for this circumstance with the exception of grave risk of harm of article 13(1)(b), in a polyhedral regulatory framework, which is completed by Regulation 2201/2003, Brussels IIa –for intra-EU cases– and with the protection measures provided for in the Hague Convention of 1996 -between the States Parties- and the procedure of Chapter IV bis of the Spanish Civil Prosecution Law. Problems in the practical application and appreciation of the best interests of the child are particularly controversial in these cases.Keywords: international child abduction, domestic or family violence, safe return, enforceability, child protection measures, right of a child to be heard.

Substantive and Procedural Legal Issues in Dispute Resolution Under the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Marks ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Access Rights

The article is devoted to considering cases on the return of a child or on the exercising access rights in relation to a child on the basis of the Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980. The importance of cases concerning the return of a child or the exercise of access rights in respect of a child necessitates theoretical development not only of the procedural institutions, which norms regulate the examination of this category of cases by the courts, but also an analysis of the substantive aspects of disputes concerning the return of a child or the exercise of access rights in respect of a child on the basis of the 1980 Convention. According to the author, the relationship between substantive and procedural law is reflected in the principle of the best interests of the child, the subject of judicial protection, the specifics of the protection means and the subject of proof, as well as the specifics of the composition and procedural position of the persons involved in the trial of the category under study. Particular attention is paid to the tasks and powers of the central authorities established to ensure the unhindered and effective application of the 1980 Convention. It is proposed to transfer the powers of the central body in this sphere from the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. The development of the institution of mediation, including the active promotion of the expansion of mediation cooperation within the framework of interstate contacts aimed at resolving cases of the category under consideration, seems promising.

scholarly journals Access Rights as a Way to Communicate with a Child

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Maria V. Gromozdina
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
European Court ◽  
International Child ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
Right Of Access

The article deals with issues related to the exercise of parental access rights as a way of communicating with the child. A parent who claims to exercise the right of access is a separately residing parent and, as a rule, a foreign citizen. The implementation of the right of access is related to the application of the Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, 1980. In this connection, the author investigates the problems of application of the right of access by the Russian courts in solving family disputes related to upbringing of children. The situation is analyzed as to the possibility of a broad interpretation of the concept of "access rights", taking into account established international practice. The problem of a misunderstanding of the essence of access rights and the related limited application of the Convention's provisions are identified. The author is of the view that the rights of access and the procedure for communication with the child (in case of separation of parents) are independent legal institutions and do not replace each other. Comparative legal analysis confirms the author's conclusions, which are justified by examples of court practice. The choice of the method of protection of parental rights is determined by the person applying for protection and cannot be changed by the court in violation of the plaintiff's rights. Thus, the conclusion is made that it is necessary to analyze the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in order to properly apply the Convention.

26. International Aspects of Child Law

2015 ◽  
pp. 994-1100
Author(s):  
N V Lowe ◽  
G Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Uk ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
International Aspects ◽  
The Eu

This chapter begins by discussing the revised Brussels II Regulation, which has become the preeminent instrument within the EU and provides the basic rules of jurisdiction for hearing cases concerning children. It then examines the international aspects of adoption and, in that context, the 1993 Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption. Next, it turns to the most developed area of international child law, namely international parental child abduction, and in respect of which a number of international instruments come into play. Finally, it discusses the international protection of children as governed by the 1996 Hague Convention on the Protection of Children which the UK ratified in 2012.

International Criminalization of Offences Relating to Cultural Property

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Danil Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
International Protection ◽  
International Instruments

The article evaluates current conditions of international criminalization of offences relating to cultural property and makes a brief historical review of developing international protection of cultural property and elaborating a corresponding notion. Having analyzed the international instruments, the author concludes that offences relating to cultural property may include deliberate seizure, appropriation, demolition as well as any other forms of destruction or damage to objects and items protected under the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict committed during international and non-international armed conflicts. These offences do not include such possible acts toward universal cultural values committed either beyond any armed conflict or without direct connection with it. Taking the examples of destruction of Buddhas of Bamiyan, Nimrud, Palmyra, and mausoleums of Timbuktu, the author states that international criminalization of offences relating to cultural property is insufficient, because it does not encompass such cases when objects or items of cultural value are damaged or destroyed under the control of national administrations or with their knowledge.

Guaranteeing the Broadest Protection to Minors in the Aftermath of Disasters: Re-Framing the International Discussion in Terms of Child Abduction, Sale, and Trafficking

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Scarpa
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Relief Work ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
Labour Exploitation

The Article aims at demonstrating that a more effective and comprehensive protection of minors in the aftermath of disasters can be guaranteed by, first of all, re-framing the discussion of the relevant actors in this field on the various practices and processes, including sexual and labour exploitation, early and forced marriages, the involvement of children in armed conflicts, and illegal adoptions, that can be grouped under the heading of three umbrella terms, namely, the abduction, sale, and trafficking of children. These terms are, in part, already used by relevant actors in the field of disaster relief work; however, their interpretation and boundaries are not always properly clarified. Therefore, the Article discusses the definitions of these three terms and recommends that all the relevant actors follow such framework and conform to the definitions provided, so as to guarantee a greater consistency and clarity in the debate over child protection in the aftermath of disasters.

Reformulation of the Family Life-Cycle Concept: Implications for Residential Mobility

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Social Science Theory ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
The Family ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
And Behavior

The conventional concept of linear progression through a traditional life cycle underlies much of social science theory. The utility of retaining the traditional life-cycle framework has declined rapidly as patterns of family and nonfamily structure and behavior have become more diversified. A more comprehensive framework which encompasses these new household types is suggested. The utility of this expanded life-cycle model is explored, with particular reference to single-headed family households and primary households.

The Double-Edged ECtHR Lăcătuş Judgment on Criminalisation of Begging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Sarah Ganty
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
European Court

Abstract Judgment: European Court of Human Rights, Lăcătuş v Switzerland 14065/15 (ECtHR, 19 January 2021), Judgment (Merits and Just Satisfaction) Section of the Court: Chamber (Third Section) Applicable Convention Rights: Article 8 echr (Right to respect for private and family life) – Violation Primary Legal Issues: Did Switzerland violate Article 8 echr by imposing a fine and subsequent imprisonment for five days for non-payment on a poor and vulnerable Roma woman for unintrusive begging? Link to Case: <http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-207377>

scholarly journals Sustracción internacional de menores. Asunto vinculado con Suiza y España. Comentario de la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra (Sección 1ª) núm. 52/2018, de 17 de abril = International child abduction. Case related with Switzerland and Spain. Comment on the judgment of the Spanish Court of Appeal of Pontevedra (Section 1) number 52/2018 of 17th April

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Carmen Azcárraga Monzonís
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
Parental Responsibility ◽  
Habitual Residence ◽  
Child Abduction ◽  
International Child ◽  
The Hague ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
Court Of Appeal

Resumen: Sustracción internacional a España de menor residente en Suiza en aplicación del Con­venio de La Haya de 1980 sobre los aspectos civiles de la sustracción internacional de menores. Discre­pancia sobre la residencia habitual del menor. No se aprecian motivos de no retorno.Palabras clave: sustracción internacional de menores, Convenio de La Haya sobre sustracción, Convenio de La Haya sobre responsabilidad parental y protección de menores, residencia habitualAbstract: International abduction to Spain of a minor residing in Switzerland under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980. Discrepancy about the habi­tual residence of the minor. No grounds for return denial are appreciated.Keywords: international child abduction, Hague Convention on Child Abduction, Hague Conven­tion on Parental Responsibility and Measures of the Protection of Children, habitual residence

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