scholarly journals 4327 Structural Neural Correlates of Social Functioning in First Episode Psychosis and Malleability in Response to Targeted Cognitive Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Kathleen Miley ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Ian Ramsay ◽  
Sophia Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Development of interventions that improve social functioning (SF) in first episode psychosis (FEP) is hindered by a poor understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying SF deficits. This research aims to identify neural correlates of social functioning in FEP, and to evaluate whether this substrate is malleable in response to cognitive training. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is a secondary data-analysis of participants in an ongoing randomized clinical trial investigating whether 12 weeks of targeted cognitive training is neuroprotective in FEP, versus treatment as usual. Baseline and post-training assessments include a brain MRI, three measures of SF, and a neurocognitive battery. Healthy controls complete MRI only. Differences in cortical thickness (CTh) and gray matter volume (GMV) in regions of interest between FEP and controls will be determined with ANCOVA. Multiple linear regression will be used to determine the relationship between neural substrate and SF in FEP. Linear mixed models will be used to examine the relationship between change in CTh and GMV and change in SF. Data collection is ongoing for this study. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In preliminary data including 12 FEP and 9 healthy controls, FEP demonstrated cortical loss in the right superior frontal cortex and the right isthmus-posterior cingulate. Greater cortical thickness in the posterior cingulate cortex was associated with better social functioning across multiple measures when controlling for global cognition. Gray matter volume in the parahippocampal gyrus was also associated with better social functioning. Preliminary results evaluating whether targeted cognitive training is neuroprotective in these regions of interest in a manner that is associated with improved social functioning will also be presented. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Preliminary results link the posterior cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus to SF in FEP. Further research will investigate the contribution of changes in these brain regions to improved SF. The identification of biological treatment targets for SF may lead to development and optimization of novel interventions to alleviate SF deficits in FEP.

scholarly journals Influence of social perception and social knowledge on cognitive and social functioning in early psychosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Addington ◽  
Huma Saeedi ◽  
Donald Addington
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Interpersonal Problem Solving ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundSocial cognition has been implicated in the relationship between cognition and social functioning.AimsTo test the hypothesis that social cognition mediates the relationship between cognitive and social functioning.MethodThis was a 1-year longitudinal cohort study comparing three groups: 50 people with first-episode psychosis, 53 people with multi-episode schizophrenia and 55 people without psychiatric disorder as controls. Participants were assessed on social perception, social knowledge, interpersonal problem-solving, cognition and social functioning.ResultsThere were significant associations between social cognition, cognition and social functioning in all three groups. Deficits in social cognition were stable over time. In the first two groups, controlling for social cognition reduced the relationship between cognitive and social functioning.ConclusionsThis study provides some evidence that social cognition mediates the relationship between cognitive and social functioning.

The relationship between insight and neurological dysfunction in first-episode psychosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hill ◽  
N. Crumlish ◽  
P. Whitty ◽  
M. Clarke ◽  
S. Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Neurological Evaluation ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

AbstractPurposeImpaired insight is commonly seen in psychosis and some studies have proposed that is a biologically based deficit. Support for this view comes from the excess of neurological soft signs (NSS) observed in patients with psychoses and their neural correlates which demonstrate a degree of overlap with the regions of interest implicated in neuroimaging studies of insight. The aim was to examine the relationship between NSS and insight in a sample of 241 first-episode psychosis patients.MethodTotal scores and subscale scores from three insight measures and two NSS scales were correlated in addition to factors representing overall insight and NSS which we created using principal component analysis.ResultsThere were only four significant associations when we controlled for symptoms. “Softer” Condensed Neurological Evaluation (CNE) signs were associated with our overall insight factor (r = 0.19, P = 0.02), with total Birchwood (r = −0.24, P<0.01), and the Birchwood subscales; recognition of mental illness (r = −0.24, P<0.01) and need for treatment (r = −0.18, P = 0.02). Total Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) and recognition of the achieved effects of medication were also weakly correlated (r = 0.14, P = 0.04).ConclusionThis study does not support a direct link between neurological dysfunction and insight in psychosis. Our understanding of insight as a concept remains in its infancy.

The relationship of verbal learning and verbal fluency with written story production: Implications for social functioning in first episode psychosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 138 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Stain ◽  
Sigrun Hodne ◽  
Inge Joa ◽  
Wenche ten Velden Hegelstad ◽  
Katie M. Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals S186. THE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME IN FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS: DOES CORTISOL PLAY A ROLE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S109-S109
Author(s):  
Simone Ciufolini ◽  
Matthew Kempton ◽  
Charlotte Gayer-Anderson ◽  
Heather Taylor ◽  
Tiago Reis Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Childhood trauma is one of the most important risk factors in psychosis. Mounting evidence is associating early trauma exposure with alterations in stress sensitive areas, like the hippocampus, and abnormal concentrations of the main stress hormone, cortisol. As hippocampus is a pivotal brain region in the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulation of cortisol, better understanding the relationship between childhood trauma, hippocampus structure and cortisol concentration would help clarify how childhood trauma exposure can increase the risk of developing psychosis later on in life. Methods Brain structure was evaluated with a 3T MRI scan in 86 first episode psychosis patients (FEP) (49 of which positive for severe childhood trauma) (mean age: 27.8 SD ± 9.1 years). Hippocampal volume and the segmentation of the hippocampal subfields was obtained using FreeSurfer 6. Salivary cortisol samples were collected to measure cortisol levels at awakening (CAR). Initially two separate linear regression models were ran: 1) to predict hippocampal volume changes with childhood trauma as the independent variable and 2) to predict hippocampal volume changes with CAR as independent variable. Finally, we introduced CAR as moderator in the linear model 1 to explore whether it changed the relationship between childhood abuse and hippocampal volume. Results Individuals with psychosis and severe childhood abuse presented smaller volume of the right hippocampal head (β = -108.9, p = 0.027), particularly in subfields CA1, CA3, CA4 and in the right GC-ML-DG head (all significant at p &lt; 0.05 with βs between – 110 and -90) (linear model 1). CAR did not predict changes in hippocampal volumes (linear model 2). However, when CAR was introduced the relationship between childhood abuse and hippocampal volume (linear model 1) it showed a moderator role. Indeed low levels of CAR were associated with an even further reduction in hippocampal volume in the right hippocampal head and particularly in subfields CA1, CA3 and CA4 (all significant at p &lt; 0.05 and βs between – 150 and -180). Discussion These results suggest that exposure to childhood trauma has a long-term effect on the adult brain particularly in hippocampal areas related to the encoding and retrieval of memories. Importantly, low levels of CAR are associated with even smaller hippocampal head in patients who childhood trauma This is particularly important, because an abnormal hippocampal structure could alter the hippocampal feedback on the HPA axis leading to dysfunctional (lower) cortisol production, which in turn would amplify the impact on brain stress sensitive regions of further stress exposure.

scholarly journals Leukoaraiosis and Gray Matter Volume Alteration in Older Adults: The PROOF Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Celle ◽  
Claire Boutet ◽  
Cédric Annweiler ◽  
Romain Ceresetti ◽  
Vincent Pichot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Fazekas Scale ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Purpose: Leukoaraiosis, also called white matter hyperintensities (WMH), is frequently encountered in the brain of older adults. During aging, gray matter structure is also highly affected. WMH or gray matter defects are commonly associated with a higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment. However, little is known about the relationship between WMH and gray matter. Our aim was thus to explore the relationship between leukoaraiosis severity and gray matter volume in a cohort of healthy older adults.Methods: Leukoaraiosis was rated in participants from the PROOF cohort using the Fazekas scale. Voxel-based morphometry was performed on brain scans to examine the potential link between WMH and changes of local brain volume. A neuropsychological evaluation including attentional, executive, and memory tests was also performed to explore cognition.Results: Out of 315 75-year-old subjects, 228 had punctuate foci of leukoaraiosis and 62 had begun the confluence of foci. Leukoaraiosis was associated with a decrease of gray matter in the middle temporal gyrus, in the right medial frontal gyrus, and in the left parahippocampal gyrus. It was also associated with decreased performances in memory recall, executive functioning, and depression.Conclusion: In a population of healthy older adults, leukoaraiosis was associated with gray matter defects and reduced cognitive performance. Controlling vascular risk factors and detecting early cerebrovascular disease may prevent, at least in part, dementia onset and progression.

Insular pathology in young people with high-functioning autism and first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. 2472-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parellada ◽  
L. Pina-Camacho ◽  
C. Moreno ◽  
Y. Aleman ◽  
M.-O. Krebs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Thickness Measurements

BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and psychosis share deficits in social cognition. The insular region has been associated with awareness of self and reality, which may be basic for proper social interactions.MethodsTotal and regional insular volume and thickness measurements were obtained from a sample of 30 children and adolescents with ASD, 29 with early onset first-episode psychosis (FEP), and 26 healthy controls (HC). Total, regional, and voxel-level volume and thickness measurements were compared between groups (with correction for multiple comparisons), and the relationship between these measurements and symptom severity was explored.ResultsCompared with HC, a shared volume deficit was observed for the right (but not the left) anterior insula (ASD: p = 0.007, FEP: p = 0.032), and for the bilateral posterior insula: (left, ASD: p = 0.011, FEP: p = 0.033; right, ASD: p = 0.004, FEP: p = 0.028). A voxel-based morphometry (VBM) conjunction analysis showed that ASD and FEP patients shared a gray matter volume and thickness deficit in the left posterior insula. Within patients, right anterior (r = −0.28, p = 0.041) and left posterior (r = −0.29, p = 0.030) insular volumes negatively correlated with the severity of insight deficits, and left posterior insular volume negatively correlated with the severity of ‘autistic-like’ symptoms (r = −0.30, p = 0.028).ConclusionsThe shared reduced volume and thickness in the anterior and posterior regions of the insula in ASD and FEP provides the first tentative evidence that these conditions share structural pathology that may be linked to shared symptomatology.

P.553 Negative symptoms correlate with social functioning in first-episode psychosis: results from a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. S313-S314
Author(s):  
L.A. Fernandes ◽  
F. Ferreira ◽  
I. Figueiredo ◽  
R. Gasparinho ◽  
F. Viegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Episode Psychosis
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