The Impact of a National Earthquake Campaign on Public Preparedness: 2011 Campaign in Israel as a Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilead Shenhar ◽  
Irina Radomislensky ◽  
Michael Rozenfeld ◽  
Kobi Peleg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Israeli Population ◽  
Israeli Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe most effective way to reduce the number of expected victims and amount of damage from earthquakes is by effective preparedness. The Israeli government launched a national campaign to change its citizens’ behavior. This study assessed the effectiveness of the campaign on the Israeli population.MethodsThe survey was conducted 2 weeks after the campaign ended. It was based on a randomly selected representative sample of the adult Israeli population.ResultsOf the 42% of the Israeli public exposed to the campaign, 37% estimated that a strong earthquake might occur in Israel during the coming years. Only 23% of those who were exposed to the campaign (9% of the Israeli public) said that the campaign improved their awareness; 76% reported that after their exposure to the campaign they did nothing to prepare. However, exposure to the campaign significantly increased the knowledge of dealing with earthquakes (30% vs 21% among those not exposed).ConclusionsAlthough the campaign increased knowledge and awareness, it did not achieve the goal of improving public preparedness. The campaign was not effective by itself, and it should be part of a multiyear activity. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:138-144)

scholarly journals Integrating quasi-experimental and inductive designs in evaluation: A case study of the impact of free bus travel on public health

Evaluation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Green ◽  
Helen Roberts ◽  
Mark Petticrew ◽  
Rebecca Steinbach ◽  
Anna Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Uncharted waters: LNG as a marine fuel in Australasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Rob Duncanson ◽  
Walter P. Purio
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Lng Fuel ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the emerging market for liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a marine fuel, with a particular focus on the market in Australasia. While LNG as a marine fuel is a growing market in the northern hemisphere, slower rates of adoption of LNG fuel technologies in maritime industry are evident in the southern hemisphere. This paper aims to ground the Australasian LNG marine fuel market in a global context and to explore opportunities for Australia to lead the region in developing and adopting LNG as a marine fuel. This paper looks at the key drivers behind championing LNG as a marine fuel, focusing on four main areas of impact; economy, environment, public health and innovation. This paper uses Australia as a case study for the adoption of LNG as a marine fuel in the southern hemisphere. It considers the opportunities presented by LNG as a marine fuel to assist Australia in: achieving energy independence; reducing the impact of air pollution from ships on the environment and public health; and positioning Australia as an innovative leader in LNG as a marine fuel.

Communicating Public Health Advice After a Chemical Spill: Results From National Surveys in the United Kingdom and Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Pearce ◽  
G. James Rubin ◽  
Richard Amlôt ◽  
Simon Wessely ◽  
M. Brooke Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Crisis Communications ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to enhance public health preparedness for incidents that involve the large-scale release of a hazardous substance by examining factors likely to influence public responses to official guidance on how to limit their exposure.MethodsAn online demographically representative survey was conducted in the United Kingdom (n = 601) and Poland (n = 602) to test the strength of association of trust in authorities, anxiety, threat, and coping appraisals with the intention to comply with advice to shelter in place following a hypothetical chemical spill. The impact of ease of compliance and style of message presentation were also examined.ResultsParticipants were more likely to comply if at home when the incident happened, but message presentation had little impact. Coping appraisals and trust were key predictors of compliance, but threat appraisals were associated with noncompliance. Anxiety was seen to promote behavioral change. UK participants were more likely to comply than Polish participants.ConclusionsSuccessful crisis communications during an emergency should aim to influence perceptions regarding the efficacy of recommended behaviors, the difficulties people may have in following advice, and perceptions about the cost of following recommended behaviors. Generic principles of crisis communication may need adaptation for national contexts. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:65-74)

Impact of Tabletop Exercises on Participants’ Knowledge of and Confidence in Legal Authorities for Infectious Disease Emergencies

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Savoia ◽  
Paul D. Biddinger ◽  
Priscilla Fox ◽  
Donna E. Levin ◽  
Lisa Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
The State ◽  
System Level ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTObjective: Legal preparedness is a critical component of comprehensive public health preparedness for public health emergencies. The scope of this study was to assess the usefulness of combining didactic sessions with a tabletop exercise as educational tools in legal preparedness, to assess the impact of the exercise on the participants’ level of confidence about the legal preparedness of a public health system, and to identify legal issue areas in need of further improvement.Methods: The exercise scenario and the pre- and postexercise evaluation were designed to assess knowledge gained and level of confidence in declaration of emergencies, isolation and quarantine, restrictions (including curfew) on the movement of people, closure of public places, and mass prophylaxis, and to identify legal preparedness areas most in need of further improvement at the system level. Fisher exact test and paired t test were performed to compare pre- and postexercise results.Results: Our analysis shows that a combination of didactic teaching and experiential learning through a tabletop exercise regarding legal preparedness for infectious disease emergencies can be effective in both imparting perceived knowledge to participants and gathering information about sufficiency of authorities and existence of gaps.Conclusions: The exercise provided a valuable forum to judge the adequacy of legal authorities, policies, and procedures for dealing with pandemic influenza at the state and local levels in Massachusetts. In general, participants were more confident about the availability and sufficiency of legal authorities than they were about policies and procedures for implementing them. Participants were also more likely to report the need for improvement in authorities, policies, and procedures in the private sector and at the local level than at the state level. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:104–110)

scholarly journals Special Considerations for Mass Violence Events in Senior Living Facilities: A Case Report on the Pinelake Health and Rehab Center Shooting

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Martin ◽  
David Powell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Reduced Mobility

AbstractThe 2009 Pinelake Health and Rehab Center shooting in Carthage, North Carolina, presents a unique case study for examining the specific considerations for mass violence events in senior living facilities. A variety of factors, including reduced sensory perception, reduced mobility, and cognitive decline, may increase the vulnerability of the populations of senior living facilities during mass violence events. Management of response aspects such as evacuation, relocation, and reunification also require special consideration in the context of mass violence at senior living facilities. Better awareness of these vulnerabilities and response considerations can assist facility administrators and emergency managers when preparing for potential mass violence events at senior living facilities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:150–152)

A case study of new approaches to address health inequalities: Due North five years on

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Paul W Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The North ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Introduction When local councils took on responsibility for public health in England in 2013, leaders from across the north of England met to consider the scale of the challenge. As a result, Public Health England commissioned the Due North Report which outlined new approaches in tackling health inequalities. This second paper outlines what has been learnt in five years as a case study. This includes influencing devolution deals and new elected city mayors, planning for economic growth in deprived areas and developing community asset-based approaches. The paper outlines a new framework for place-based planning to reduce health inequalities. Sources of data Data was gathered from annual reports from north of England directors of public health, Office for National Statistics, Public Health England’s fingertips database and regional and national publications and strategies such as the Northern Powerhouse. Areas of agreement Devolution to English cities and councils as ‘places’ is a new opportunity to address local needs and inequalities. Due North has supported a new public health narrative which locates health action in the most fundamental determinants—how local economies are planned, jobs created and power is to be transferred to communities and connects reducing years of premature ill health to increased economic productivity. Community asset approaches to empower local leaders and entrepreneurs can be effective ways to achieve change. Areas of controversy The north–south divide in health is not closing and may be worsening. Different ways of working between local government, health and business sectors can inhibit in working together and with communities. Growing points Place-based working with devolved powers can help move away from top down and silo working, empower local government and support communities. Linking policies on health inequalities to economic planning can address upstream determinants such as poverty, homelessness and unsafe environments. Areas timely for developing research More research is needed on; (i) addressing inequalities at scale for interventions to influence community-led change and prosperity in deprived areas, and (ii) the impact of devolution policy on population health particularly for deprived areas and marginalised group. Discussion and conclusions Commissioning high profile reports like Due North is influential in supporting new approaches in reducing inequality of health through local government, elected mayors; and working with deprived communities. This second paper describes progress and lessons.

To disinvest or invest? The role of programme budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) for economic evaluation and prioritization between public health interventions

2019 ◽  
pp. 312-340
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Charles ◽  
Rhiannon T. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Marginal Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Allocation Decisions

This chapter describes the application of programme budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) as an evidence-based framework to make resource allocation decisions such as whether to invest or disinvest in certain services, products, or interventions. This evidence-based eight-step decision-making process can help decision-makers to maximize the impact of healthcare resources on the health needs of a local population. Programme budgeting is an appraisal of past resource allocation in specified programmes or services with a view to tracking future resource allocation in those same programmes or services. Marginal analysis is the appraisal of the added benefits and added costs of a proposed investment or the lost benefits and lower costs of a proposed disinvestment. This chapter pays particular attention to the use of the PBMA framework to appraise a national health improvement budget as a case study to illustrate the methods practical application in public health.

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