scholarly journals Trust and Public Health Emergency Events: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Pradeep Sopory ◽  
Julie M. Novak ◽  
Ashleigh M. Day ◽  
Stine Eckert ◽  
Lee Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Emergency Events

Abstract The systematic review examined the phenomenon of trust during public health emergency events. The literature reviewed was field studies done with people directly affected or likely to be affected by such events and included quantitative, qualitative, mixed-method, and case study primary studies in English (N = 38) as well as Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, and Spanish (all non-English N = 30). Studies were mostly from high- and middle-income countries, and the event most covered was infectious disease. Findings from individual studies were first synthesized within methods and evaluated for certainty/confidence, and then synthesized across methods. The final set of 11 findings synthesized across methods identified a set of activities for enhancing trust and showed that it is a multi-faceted and dynamic concept.

scholarly journals Communicating Uncertainty During Public Health Emergency Events: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 67-108
Author(s):  
Pradeep Sopory ◽  
Ashleigh M. Day ◽  
Julie M. Novak ◽  
Kristin Eckert ◽  
Lillian Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Event Uncertainty ◽  
Uncertainty Information

To answer the question, What are the best ways to communicate uncertainties to public audiences, at-risk communities, and stakeholders during public health emergency events? we conducted a systematic review of published studies, grey literature, and media reports in English and other United Nations (UN) languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, and Spanish. Almost 11,500 titles and abstracts were scanned of which 46 data-based primary studies were selected, which were classified into four methodological streams: Quantitative-comparison groups; Quantitative-descriptive survey; Qualitative; and Mixed-method and case-study. Study characteristics (study method, country, emergency type, emergency phase, at-risk population) and study findings (in narrative form) were extracted from individual studies. The findings were synthesized within methodological streams and evaluated for certainty and confidence. These within-method findings were next synthesized across methodological streams to develop an overarching synthesis of findings. The findings showed that country coverage focused on high and middle-income countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania, and the event most covered was infectious disease followed by flood and earthquake. The findings also showed that uncertainty during public health emergency events is a multi-faceted concept with multiple components (e.g., event occurrence, personal and family safety, recovery efforts). There is universal agreement, with some exceptions, that communication to the public should include explicit information about event uncertainties, and this information must be consistent and presented in an easy to understand format. Additionally, uncertainty related to events requires a distinction between uncertainty information and uncertainty experience. At-risk populations experience event uncertainty in the context of many other uncertainties they are already experiencing in their lives due to poverty. Experts, policymakers, healthcare workers, and other stakeholders experience event uncertainty and misunderstand some uncertainty information (e.g., event probabilities) similar to the public. Media professionals provide event coverage under conditions of contradictory and inconsistent event information that can heighten uncertainty experience for all.

scholarly journals Community-Level Experiences, Understandings, and Responses to COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative and Ethnographic Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12063
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Raymond ◽  
Paul R. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Low And Middle Income

(1) Background: COVID-19 disruptions offer researchers insight into how pandemics are at once biological and social threats, as communities struggle to construct meaning from novel challenges to their ontological status quo. Multiple epistemes, in which public health imperatives confront and negotiate locally derived knowledge and traditions, vie for legitimacy and agency, resulting in new cultural forms. (2) Methods: To investigate the context and construction of community responses, a systematic review of qualitative literature was conducted with the aim of evaluating those insights provided by empirical, social field research in low- and middle-income countries since the onset of COVID-19. Six scholarly databases were searched for empirical, qualitative, field-based, or participatory research that was published in peer-reviewed journals between December 2019 and August 2021. (3) Results: Twenty-five studies were selected for data extraction, following critical appraisal for methodological rigor by two independent reviewers, and were then analyzed thematically. Faced with unprecedented social ruptures, restrictions in social and physical mobility, and ever-looming uncertainties of infection, financial insecurity, stigma, and loss, communities worldwide reacted in multiple and complex ways. Pervasive misinformation and fear of social rejection resulted in noncompliance with pandemic sanctions, resistance, and increased isolation, allowing the spread of the disease. The meaning of, and understandings about, COVID-19 were constructed using traditional, religious, and biomedical epistemologies, which were occasionally in conflict with each other. Innovations and adaptations, through syntheses of traditional and biomedical discourses and practice, illustrated community resilience and provided models for successful engagement to improve public health outcomes. (4) Conclusion: Local context and community engagement were indispensable considerations when enacting effective public health interventions to meet the challenges of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Voices from low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol of primary healthcare interventions within public health systems addressing intimate partner violence against women

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Claudio Signorelli ◽  
Stav Hillel ◽  
Daniel Canavese de Oliveira ◽  
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla ◽  
Kelsey Hegarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Middle Income Countries

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) considerably harms the health, safety and well-being of women. In response, public health systems around the globe have been gradually implementing strategies. In particular, low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) have been developing innovative interventions in primary healthcare (PHC) addressing the problem. This paper describes a protocol for a systematic review of studies addressing the impacts and outcomes of PHC centre interventions addressing IPV against women from LMIC.Methods and analysisA systematic search for studies will be conducted in African Index Medicus, Africa Portal Digital Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Index Medicus for the Southeast Asia Region, IndMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database (LILACS), Medecins Sans Frontieres, MEDLINE, Minority Health and Health Equity Archive, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scientific Electronic Library Online, (SciELO) and Social Policy and Practice. Studies will be in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published between 2007 and 2017, addressing IPV against women from LMIC, whose data quantitatively report on the impacts and outcomes for survivors and/or workers and/or public health systems preintervention and postintervention. Two trilingual reviewers will independently screen for study eligibility and data extraction, and a librarian will cross-check for compliance. Risk of bias and quality assessment of studies will be measured according to: (1) the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias for randomised controlled trials and (2) the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS). Data will be analysed and summarised using meta-analysis and narrative description of the evidence across studies. This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols(PRISMA P) guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will be based on published studies, thus not requiring ethical approval. Findings will be presented in conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017069261.

Criteria Used for Priority-Setting for Public Health Resource Allocation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjeet Kaur ◽  
Shankar Prinja ◽  
P.V.M. Lakshmi ◽  
Laura Downey ◽  
Deepshikha Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Health Resource ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Resource Allocation ◽  
Allocation Decisions ◽  
Resource Allocation Decisions

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to identify criteria being used for priority setting for resource allocation decisions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, the included studies were analyzed from a policy perspective to understand priority setting processes in these countries.MethodsSearches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, Econlit, and Cochrane databases, supplemented with pre-identified Web sites and bibliographic searches of relevant papers. Quality appraisal of included studies was undertaken. The review protocol is registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO CRD42017068371.ResultsOf 16,412 records screened by title and abstract, 112 papers were identified for full text screening and 44 studies were included in the final analysis. At an overall level, cost-effectiveness 52 percent (n = 22) and health benefits 45 percent (n = 19) were the most cited criteria used for priority setting for public health resource allocation. Inter-region (LMICs) and between various approaches (like health technology assessment, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), accountability for reasonableness (AFR) variations among criteria were also noted. Our review found that MCDA approach was more frequently used in upper middle-income countries and AFR in lower-income countries for priority setting in health. Policy makers were the most frequently consulted stakeholders in all regions.Conclusions and RecommendationsPriority-setting criteria for health resource allocation decisions in LMICs largely comprised of cost-effectiveness and health benefits criteria at overall level. Other criteria like legal and regulatory framework conducive for implementation, fairness/ethics, and political considerations were infrequently reported and should be considered.

scholarly journals Approaches to promote handwashing and sanitation behaviour change in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a mixed method systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy De Buck ◽  
Hans Van Remoortel ◽  
Karin Hannes ◽  
Thashlin Govender ◽  
Selvan Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Global Preparedness Against COVID-19: We Must Leverage the Power of Digital Health (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Mahmood ◽  
Khaled Hasan ◽  
Michelle Colder Carras ◽  
Alain Labrique
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Home Based

UNSTRUCTURED The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed many areas of public health preparedness that are lacking, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Digital interventions provide many opportunities for strengthening health systems and could be vital resources in the current public health emergency. We provide several use cases for infection control, home-based diagnosis and screening, empowerment through information, public health surveillance and epidemiology, and leveraging crowd-sourced data. A thoughtful, concerted effort—leveraging existing experience and robust enterprise-grade technologies—can have a substantive impact on the immediate and distal consequences of COVID-19.

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