High versus low intensity: What is the optimal approach to prospective audit and feedback in an antimicrobial stewardship program?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1344-1347
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Langford ◽  
Kevin A. Brown ◽  
April J. Chan ◽  
Mark Downing
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Interdisciplinary Rounds ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Internal Medicine Wards ◽  
Prospective Audit And Feedback ◽  
Optimal Approach

AbstractBackground:Antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) interventions, such as prospective audit and feedback (PAF), have been shown to reduce antimicrobial use and improve patient outcomes. However, the optimal approach to PAF is unknown.Objective:We examined the impact of a high–intensity interdisciplinary rounds–based PAF compared to low–intensity PAF on antimicrobial use on internal medicine wards in a 400–bed community hospital.Methods:Prior to the intervention, ASP pharmacists performed low–intensity PAF with a focus on targeted antibiotics. Recommendations were made directly to the internist for each patient. High–intensity, rounds–based PAF was then introduced sequentially to 5 internal medicine wards. This PAF format included twice–weekly interdisciplinary rounds, with a review of all internal medicine patients receiving any antimicrobial agent. Antibiotic use and clinical outcomes were measured before and after the transition to high–intensity PAF. An interrupted time–series analysis was performed adjusting for seasonal and secular trends.Results:With the transition from low–intensity to high–intensity PAF, a reduction in overall usage was seen from 483 defined daily doses (DDD)/1,000 patient days (PD) during the low–intensity phase to 442 DDD/1,000 PD in the high–intensity phase (difference, −42; 95% confidence interval [CI], −74 to −9). The reduction in usage was more pronounced in the adjusted analysis, in the latter half of the high intensity period, and for targeted agents. There were no differences seen in clinical outcomes in the adjusted analysis.Conclusions:High–intensity PAF was associated with a reduction in antibiotic use compared to a low–intensity approach without any adverse impact on patient outcomes. A decision to implement high–intensity PAF approach should be weighed against the increased workload required.

scholarly journals Acceptability and effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship implementation strategies on fluoroquinolone prescribing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Katie J. Suda ◽  
Gosia S. Clore ◽  
Charlesnika T. Evans ◽  
Heather Schacht Reisinger ◽  
Ibuola Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Clinical Pathways ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Prior Approval ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Prospective Audit And Feedback ◽  
Advanced Generation

Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness and acceptability of antimicrobial stewardship-focused implementation strategies on inpatient fluoroquinolones. Methods: Stewardship champions at 15 hospitals were surveyed regarding the use and acceptability of strategies to improve fluoroquinolone prescribing. Antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 days present (DP) for sites with and without prospective audit and feedback (PAF) and/or prior approval were compared. Results: Among all of the sites, 60% had PAF or prior approval implemented for fluoroquinolones. Compared to sites using neither strategy (64.2 ± 34.4 DOT/DP), fluoroquinolone prescribing rates were lower for sites that employed PAF and/or prior approval (35.5 ± 9.8; P = .03) and decreased from 2017 to 2018 (P < .001). This decrease occurred without an increase in advanced-generation cephalosporins. Total antibiotic rates were 13% lower for sites with PAF and/or prior approval, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .20). Sites reporting that PAF and/or prior approval were “completely” accepted had lower fluoroquinolone rates than sites where it was “moderately” accepted (34.2 ± 5.7 vs 48.7 ± 4.5; P < .01). Sites reported that clinical pathways and/or local guidelines (93%), prior approval (93%), and order forms (80%) “would” or “may” be effective in improving fluoroquinolone use. Although most sites (73%) indicated that requiring infectious disease consults would or may be effective in improving fluoroquinolones, 87% perceived implementation to be difficult. Conclusions: PAF and prior approval implementation strategies focused on fluoroquinolones were associated with significantly lower fluoroquinolone prescribing rates and nonsignificant decreases in total antibiotic use, suggesting limited evidence for class substitution. The association of acceptability of strategies with lower rates highlights the importance of culture. These results may indicate increased acceptability of implementation strategies and/or sensitivity to FDA warnings.

Assessing the impact of antibiotic stewardship program elements on antibiotic use across acute-care hospitals: an observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Langford ◽  
Julie Hui-Chih Wu ◽  
Kevin A. Brown ◽  
Xuesong Wang ◽  
Valerie Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Prospective Audit ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Prospective Audit And Feedback ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivesAntibiotic use varies widely between hospitals, but the influence of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) on this variability is not known. We aimed to determine the key structural and strategic aspects of ASPs associated with differences in risk-adjusted antibiotic utilization across facilities.DesignObservational study of acute-care hospitals in Ontario, CanadaMethodsA survey was sent to hospitals asking about both structural (8 elements) and strategic (32 elements) components of their ASP. Antibiotic use from hospital purchasing data was acquired for January 1 to December 31, 2014. Crude and adjusted defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days, accounting for hospital and aggregate patient characteristics, were calculated across facilities. Rate ratios (RR) of defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days were compared for hospitals with and without each antimicrobial stewardship element of interest.ResultsOf 127 eligible hospitals, 73 (57%) participated in the study. There was a 7-fold range in antibiotic use across these facilities (min, 253 defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days; max, 1,872 defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days). The presence of designated funding or resources for the ASP (RRadjusted, 0·87; 95% CI, 0·75–0·99), prospective audit and feedback (RRadjusted, 0·80; 95% CI, 0·67–0·96), and intravenous-to-oral conversion policies (RRadjusted, 0·79; 95% CI, 0·64–0·99) were associated with lower risk-adjusted antibiotic use.ConclusionsWide variability in antibiotic use across hospitals may be partially explained by both structural and strategic ASP elements. The presence of funding and resources, prospective audit and feedback, and intravenous-to-oral conversion should be considered priority elements of a robust ASP.

scholarly journals Every antibiotic, every day: Maximizing the impact of prospective audit and feedback on total antibiotic use

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0178434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonya J. Campbell ◽  
Melissa Decloe ◽  
Suzanne Gill ◽  
Grace Ho ◽  
Janine McCready ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Prospective Audit ◽  
Prospective Audit And Feedback ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals 105. Fluoroquinolone Stewardship at a Community Health-System: A Decade in Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S167-S167
Author(s):  
Matthew Song ◽  
Ashley Wilde ◽  
Ashley Wilde ◽  
Sarah E Moore ◽  
Brian C Bohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program ◽  
Provider Education ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Adult Inpatient ◽  
Prospective Audit And Feedback ◽  
Adult Hospital

Abstract Background Fluoroquinolone stewardship is a common target for antimicrobial stewardship programs seeking to maintain or improve fluoroquinolone susceptibility rates. Additional benefits include reducing C. difficile infection rates, drug toxicities, and resistance to other antimicrobials as fluoroquinolones can co-select for resistance. The Norton Healthcare antimicrobial stewardship program was founded in 2011 and provides services at 4 adult hospitals with ~1600 beds. Main fluoroquinolone stewardship activities have included provider education, prospective audit and feedback, and guideline and order-set development. The purpose of this study was to describe the resistance and usage rates of fluoroquinolones over time. Methods This was a descriptive study examining individual adult hospital antibiograms from 2010 to 2020. Levofloxacin susceptibility rates to E. coli and P. aeruginosa were collated from annual antibiograms between 2010 and 2020 for outpatients and each adult hospital. Adult hospital resistance rates were aggregated and weighted accordingly to number of isolates per hospital per year. Additionally, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin inpatient days of therapy (DOT) was collected since 2016 when DOT was first readily retrievable and was normalized per 1000 patient days to compare between different time points. Results Outpatient levofloxacin likelihood of activity against P. aeruginosa improved from 81% to 91%. Outpatient levofloxacin likelihood of activity against E. coli remained stable between 84 – 86% (Figure 1). Adult inpatient fluoroquinolone usage decreased by approximately 75% from 83.5 to 21.37 DOT/1000 patient days since 2016 (Figure 2). Adult inpatient levofloxacin likelihood of activity against P. aeruginosa improved from 53% to 83%. Adult inpatient levofloxacin likelihood of activity against E. coli improved from 65% to 75% (Figure 3). Conclusion The Norton Healthcare antimicrobial stewardship program has been effective in reducing unnecessary fluoroquinolone usage and improving inpatient fluoroquinolone susceptibility rates. Future studies should examine opportunities to translate successes to the outpatient phase of care. Disclosures Ashley Wilde, PharmD, BCPS-AQ ID, Nothing to disclose Paul S. Schulz, MD, Gilead (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Merck (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)

scholarly journals 1141. Implementation of a Pediatric Handshake Antimicrobial Stewardship Program to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S406-S406
Author(s):  
Amanda P Hughes ◽  
Maya Beganovic ◽  
Ronda Oram ◽  
Sarah Wieczorkiewicz ◽  
Anthony Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Utilization ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
Prospective Audit And Feedback ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs emerged in response to rising rates of resistance and adverse effects associated with inappropriate antimicrobial utilization. Optimal metrics and strategies (e.g., preauthorization, prospective audit and feedback) for AMS remain to be elucidated. This study evaluated the impact of a multidisciplinary, rounding-based AMS strategy (i.e., Handshake Stewardship) on antimicrobial utilization and prescribing practices at a pediatric hospital. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective quality improvement study at a community, teaching children’s hospital. All pediatric and neonatal inpatients with active antimicrobial orders between July 2018 and March 2019 were included in the study, and endpoints were compared with data from July 2017- March 2018. Antimicrobial courses were prospectively audited by a multidisciplinary AMS team, and feedback was provided to the primary teams during Handshake Stewardship rounds. The primary endpoint was a number of interventions made and the corresponding acceptance rates. The secondary endpoint was days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient-days. Descriptive statistics were performed on all continuous and categorical data as appropriate. Results Of 2238 antimicrobial courses reviewed, 710 (32%) required intervention, and 86% of the interventions made were accepted. The top 3 indications evaluated were respiratory (n = 522, 23%), sepsis/bacteremia (n = 351, 16%), and surgical prophylaxis (n = 266, 12%). Of the respiratory courses reviewed, there were 228 opportunities for antimicrobial optimization. The most common interventions were: bug-drug optimization (n = 208, 29%), discontinuation of anti-infective (n = 136, 19%), and dose optimization (n = 120, 17%). No significant difference was observed for overall, ceftriaxone, meropenem, and vancomycin DOT pre- and post-implementation of Handshake Stewardship. However, a statistically significant reduction in DOTs was observed for piperacillin–tazobactam (15.2 vs. 7.4, P = 0.004) and a nonsignificant reduction in meropenem (9.5 vs. 6.2). Conclusion Rounding-based, Handshake AMS was associated with overall high intervention acceptance rates and a reduction in commonly utilized broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Prescription Patterns in a Pediatric Tertiary-Care Unit in Thailand 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1476-1482
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Prospective Audit ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Prescription Patterns ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Prospective Audit And Feedback

Background: Surveillance data is an essential part of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). Objective: To describe and compare prescription patterns of antibiotics after a 3-years implementation of an ASP using prospective audit and feedback. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a point prevalence survey (PPS) of antibiotic prescriptions at a 200-bed pediatric unit at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. A standardized study protocol from the Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Prescribing, and the Efficacy in Neonates and Children (GARPEC) project was used. The authors reviewed medical charts of hospitalized children of less than 18 years of age, using a point prevalence method on the 15 of February, May, August, and November 2019. Endpoints measures included rate of antimicrobial prescriptions and type of antimicrobial use, stratified by neonatal and pediatric ward types. Rate of antimicrobial prescriptions will be compared with historical data form PPS in the same institute collected in 2016. Results: In 2019, the medical records of 269 neonates and 409 children hospitalized were reviewed. The proportion of children receiving antibiotics in neonatal units overall was 18.6% (95% CI 14.1 to 23.8), of which ampicillin or gentamicin (52.0%) was the most common regimen. Rate of antibiotic prescriptions in general pediatric wards was 46.5%, with third generation cephalosporins being the most used antibiotics. Prescription rate in the oncology ward was 52.9% with antipseudomonal agents or meropenem being the most prescribed antibiotics. Prescription rates in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) was 88.9%, with meropenem being the most used antibiotic. Compared to a previous PPS study in 2016, prevalence of antimicrobial use was higher in general pediatric wards at 46.5% versus 37.2% (p=0.02) and PICU at 88.9% versus 67.7% (p=0.007). Conclusion: The prevalence rates of antimicrobial use in pediatric wards increased despite implementation of a prospective audit and feedback antibiotic stewardship program. Other measures are needed to reduce the unnecessary prescriptions. Keywords: Antimicrobial; Antimicrobial stewardship program; Pediatric; Point prevalence survey

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