Background: Using alternatives to indwelling urinary catheters plays a vital role in reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). We assessed the impact of introducing female external catheters on urinary catheter utilization and CAUTIs. Methods: In a 500-bed academic medical center, female external catheters were implemented on October 1, 2017, with use encouraged for eligible females with urinary incontinence but not meeting other standard indications for urinary catheters. Nurses were educated and trained on female external catheter application and maintenance, and infection prevention staff performed surveillance case reviews with nursing and medical staff. We determined the number of catheter days for both devices based on nursing documentation of device insertion or application, maintenance, and removal. We used the CAUTI and DUR (device utilization ratio) definitions from the CDC NHSN. Our primary outcomes were changes in DUR for both devices 21 months before and 24 months after the intervention in both intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICU wards. We used a generalized least-squares model to account for temporal autocorrelation and compare the trends before and after the intervention. Our secondary outcome was a reduction in CAUTIs, comparing females to males. Results: In total, there were 346,213 patient days in 35 months. The mean rate of patient days per month increased from 7,436.4 to 7,601.9 after the implementation of female external catheters, with higher catheter days for both urinary catheters (18,040 vs 19,625) and female external catheters (22 vs 12,675). After the intervention, the DUR for female external catheters increased (0 vs 0.07; P < .001) and for urinary catheters the DUR decreased (0.12 vs 0.10; P < .001) (Fig. 1). A reduction in urinary catheter DUR was observed in ICUs (0.29 vs 0.27; P < .001) but not wards (0.08 vs 0.08; P = NS) (Fig. 2). Of the 39 CAUTIs, there was no significant overall change in the rate per 1,000 catheter days (1.22 vs 0.87; P = .27). In females (n = 20 CAUTI), there was a 61% reduction in the CAUTI rate per 1,000 catheter days (0.78 vs 0.31; P = .02), but no significant change in the rate in males (0.44 vs 0.56; P = .64). The CAUTI rate per 1,000 catheter days among females decreased in the ICUs (1.14 vs 0.31; P = .04) but not in wards (0.6 vs 0.33; P = .96). Conclusions: In a setting with a baseline low UC DUR, successful implementation of female external catheters further modestly reduced UC DUR and was associated with a 61% decrease in CAUTI among females in the ICU but not in wards. Further interventions to better identify appropriate patients for female external catheters may improve patient safety and prevent patient harm.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
The impact of measurement changes on evaluating hospital performance: The case of catheter-associated urinary tract infections