scholarly journals Can the new epidemiology of schizophrenia help elucidate its causation?

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Abed ◽  
M. J. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Evidence

The supposed universality of the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia has been seriously challenged. It is now widely accepted that the life-time prevalence and incidence of this disorder vary considerably in time and place. As a result, there has been renewed interest in environmental causation of schizophrenia. There are few extant formulations that have successfully integrated the available new evidence into a coherent theory for its causation. The outgroup intolerance hypothesis is an attempt to integrate this evidence. It proposes that schizophrenia is the result of a mismatch between the social brain as shaped by evolution and the new social conditions of the post-neolithic. The hypothesis can provide an explanation for (i) the higher risk to migrants, (ii) the ethnic density phenomenon, (iii) the increased risk to individuals who have grown up in cities and (iv) the putative low risk in hunter-gatherer societies. Evidence is presented from a range of disciplines and sources including epidemiology, psychopathology, social psychology and clinical trials in support of this hypothesis. A range of testable predictions follow from the hypothesis.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
Cultural Interpretation ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The introduction lays out what we know about the social context of schizophrenia from the epidemiological literature: that risk of schizophrenia is particularly high for immigrants from predominantly dark-skinned countries to Europe; that risk increases with lower socioeconomic status at birth and even at parent’s birth; that risk increases with urban dwelling and seems to increase the longer time is spent in cities; that risk increases as ethnic density in the neighborhood declines. The chapter presents a history of the way schizophrenia has been understood in the United States, and the diagnostic complexities of serious psychotic disorder. It then discusses what ethnographers have observed so far about the social conditions which may shape the experience of psychosis: the local cultural interpretation of mental illness; the role and presence of the family; the structure of work; and the basic social environment. This becomes the ground for our case studies.

Causes and Cures of Welfare: New Evidence on the Social Psychology of the Poor.

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Joseph Heffernan ◽  
Leonard Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Evidence

Causes and Cures of Welfare: New Evidence on the Social Psychology of the Poor. Leonard Goodwin

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Dwight Frankfather
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Reasons and Ramifications of Tardy Marriages among Educated Muslim Women Folk in Indian Controlled Kashmir: An Introspection from Social Psychology Standpoint

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Suriya Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social

Since times immemorial, marriage is considered as an act by virtue of which two individuals make their relationship manifest in terms of a bond that putatively lasts for life time. Spiritually, marriages are believed to be settled in heavens and solemnized on earth. This metaphoric scenario is often practiced other way round in the valley of Kashmir. As a matter of fact, the process of seeking a life associate and its consolidation in terms of marriage is so cumbersome and unenviable that it often leads the women folk of Kashmir into cyclic rethinking about its eudaemonia. In the anticipation of endorsements for a happy married life with the tendency of zeroing risk factors, the dingy psycho-evolved system that is dominant now-a-days leads the Kashmir phratry towards the manifestation of tardy marriages. This piece of research work aims to ascertain the reasons and axiomatic ramifications that lead to tardy marriages among educated Muslim Women folk in Kashmir Valley. This study is also an attempt to comprehend the social stratification and cultural dynamics of Kashmir as is introspected from social psychology standpoint. This paper unfolds the coalescing systematics of major issues and complexities of tardy marriages in order to present a strategic arduous solution to counter and castigate this imperil that creates distortion and soreness in the social fabric of Kashmir.

Causes and Cures of Welfare: New Evidence on the Social Psychology of the Poor

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Cohen ◽  
Leonard Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Evidence

Khorana Score and Histotype Predict the Incidence of Early Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). a Pooled Data Analysis of Twelve Clinical Trials of Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL)

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 3934-3934
Author(s):  
Roberto Mario Santi ◽  
Manuela Ceccarelli ◽  
Gioacchino Catania ◽  
Chiara Monagheddu ◽  
Andrea Evangelista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Grade Iii

Abstract Background and rationale. Recent studies show that the risk of VTE in NHL pts is similar to that observed in high risk solid tumors (i.e. pancreatic, ovarian cancer). VTE in NHL occurs in most cases within three months from diagnosis and can have substantial impact on treatment delivery and outcome as well as on quality of life. However few data are available on potential predictors. To better clarify the epidemiology of early (within six months from treatment start) VTE in NHL we conducted a pooled data analysis of 12 clinical trials from FIL. Our analysis included basic demographic features, lymphoma-related characteristics as well the Khorana score (based on histology, BMI, platelets WBC and HB counts) which is extensively used in solid tumors to predict VTE risk. Patients and methods. From Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2014, all pts with B-cell NHL enrolled in prospective clinical trials from FIL for frontline treatment were included. For 9 studies study period included the entire trial population was included. The analyses were conducted based on CRFs as well as pharmacovigilance reports. VTE definition and grading was stated according to standard criteria of toxicity (CTCAE V4.0). Cumulative incidence of VTE from the study enrollment was estimated using the method described by Gooley et al. accounting for death from any causes as a competing risk. The Fine & Gray survival model was used to identify predictors of VTE among NHL pts. Factors predicting the grade of VTE were investigated using an ordinal logistic regression model. This pooled data analysis was approved by local IRB. Results. Overall,1717 patients belonging to 12 studies were evaluated. Eight were phase I/II or II (25% of pts) and 4 phase III (75% of pts). M/F ratio was 1.41, Median age was 57, (IQ range (IQR) 49-66). Histologies were: DLCL-B 34%, FL 41%, MCL 18%, other 6%. Median BMI was 25 (IQR 22-28). Median Hb, WBC and platelets counts were 13g/dl) (IQR 11.5-14.2), 7,1*10^9/l (IQR 5.6-10.3), 224*10^9/l (IQR 169-298), respectively. 1189 pts were evaluable Khorana score: 58% low risk, 30% intermediate risk, 12% were high risk. Human erytropoetin support was given to 9% of patients. All pts received Rituximab. Planned therapeutic programs included ASCT in 27% of pts, conventional chemotherapy in 67% a conventional chemotherapy plus lenalidomide in 6%. Overall 59 any grade VTE episodes occurred in 51 pts (2.9%), including 21 grade III-IV VTE (18 pts). None was fatal. Median time from study enrolment to VTE was 63 days (IQR: 35-110). Considering death as a competitive event the 6 months cumulative incidence of VTE was 2,2% in low risk Khorana score, 4.5% (95%IC: 2.3-6.7) in intermediate and 6.6% (95%IC: 2.4-10.8) in high risk (p=0.012) (figure 1). Khorana score was predictive also for grade III-IV events as they were 0,7% (95%IC:0.1-1.4) in low risk and 2.0% (95%IC:0.8-3.3) in intermediate-high risk (p=0.048). The result were similar also after excluding lenalidomide containing studies. The Fine and Gray multivariate analyses, adjusted for age and stage, showed that Khorana score (intermediate risk adjHR=1.96; 95%IC: 0.84-4.56 and high risk adjHR=3.81; 95%IC: 1.51-9.58) and DLCL-B histotype (adjHR=2.58; 95%IC: 1.01-6.55) were independently associated to an increased risk of VTE. Moreover an ordinal logistical regression model indicated that the increase of one point in the Khorana score resulted in an increased risk of VTE (OR=1.85; 95%CI: 1.23-2.79). Conclusions: our results suggest that DLCL-B hystotype and Khorana score are predictors of VTE in NHL. The latter might become a simple and effective tool to assess the risk of VTE in NHL. Prospective validation including also patients not eligible for clinical trials is needed. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Off Label Use: This is a metaanalysis on 12 prospective trials which employed several different experimental agents. All experimental agent will be disclosed to the audience. Luminari:Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Teva: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Causes and Cures of Welfare: New Evidence on the Social Psychology of the Poor

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
John E. Tropman ◽  
Leonard Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals A Web-Based Service Delivery Model for Communication Training After Brain Injury: Protocol for a Mixed Methods, Prospective, Hybrid Type 2 Implementation-Effectiveness Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Miao ◽  
Emma Power ◽  
Rachael Rietdijk ◽  
Melissa Brunner ◽  
Deborah Debono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Delivery Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry

BACKGROUND Acquired brain injuries (ABIs) commonly cause cognitive-communication disorders, which can have a pervasive psychosocial impact on a person’s life. More than 135 million people worldwide currently live with ABI, and this large and growing burden is increasingly surpassing global rehabilitation service capacity. A web-based service delivery model may offer a scalable solution. The Social Brain Toolkit is an evidence-based suite of 3 web-based communication training interventions for people with ABI and their communication partners. Successful real-world delivery of web-based interventions such as the Social Brain Toolkit requires investigation of intervention implementation in addition to efficacy and effectiveness. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the implementation and effectiveness of the Social Brain Toolkit as a web-based service delivery model. METHODS This is a mixed methods, prospective, hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness study, theoretically underpinned by the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework of digital health implementation. We will document implementation strategies preemptively deployed to support the launch of the Social Brain Toolkit interventions, as well as implementation strategies identified by end users through formative evaluation of the Social Brain Toolkit. We will prospectively observe implementation outcomes, selected on the basis of the NASSS framework, through quantitative web analytics of intervention use, qualitative and quantitative pre- and postintervention survey data from all users within a specified sample frame, and qualitative interviews with a subset of users of each intervention. Qualitative implementation data will be deductively analyzed against the NASSS framework. Quantitative implementation data will be analyzed descriptively. We will obtain effectiveness outcomes through web-based knowledge tests, custom user questionnaires, and formal clinical tools. Quantitative effectiveness outcomes will be analyzed through descriptive statistics and the Reliable Change Index, with repeated analysis of variance (pretraining, posttraining, and follow-up), to determine whether there is any significant improvement within this participant sample. RESULTS Data collection commenced on July 2, 2021, and is expected to conclude on June 1, 2022, after a 6-month sample frame of analytics for each Social Brain Toolkit intervention. Data analysis will occur concurrently with data collection until mid-2022, with results expected for publication late 2022 and early 2023. CONCLUSIONS End-user evaluation of the Social Brain Toolkit’s implementation can guide intervention development and implementation to reach and meet community needs in a feasible, scalable, sustainable, and acceptable manner. End user feedback will be directly incorporated and addressed wherever possible in the next version of the Social Brain Toolkit. Learnings from these findings will benefit the implementation of this and future web-based psychosocial interventions for people with ABI and other populations. CLINICALTRIAL Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001170819; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12621001170819, Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001177842; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12621001177842, Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001180808; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12621001180808 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/31995

The Social Brain: The Blind Men and The Elephant

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1075
Author(s):  
Kristie J. Nies
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
New York ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Behavior

Social Neuroscience: Integrating Biological and Psychological Explanations of Social Behavior. Eddie Harmon-Jones and Piotr Winkielman (Eds.). 2007. New York: The Guilford Press, 512 pp., $65.00 (HB)I reviewed this book shortly after reading The Neuroscience of Human Relationships, by Louis Cozolino (2006), hoping that this book, which addresses how our brains exist in relationship to other brains, would be an adequate prerequisite for Social Neuroscience. I had concerns that its focus would be the biology of social psychology proper (rather than the biology of social relationships) for which I would be less qualified and less interested. A quick perusal convinced me that the book was indeed about the biological basis of human social behavior. With that information and a review of a similar title, Social Neuroscience: People Thinking About Thinking People (Fein, 2006), I proceeded.

Autism and the social brain

AccessScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Brain ◽  
The Social
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