scholarly journals Analysing a non-IR field through IR lenses. Education in post-conflict Kosovo

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ervjola Selenica
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Education Reforms ◽  
International Assistance ◽  
Hybrid Governance ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Post War

Abstract The paper argues that education is relevant for both domestic and international reasons and without an incorporation of the international within the national it is not possible to understand education's changes and transformations in post-conflict and conflict-affected contexts. The paper aims to connect the local to the global by investigating their dynamic interaction through the peculiar lenses of international assistance to education reform in post-conflict Kosovo. It asks two questions: (1) how do global agendas of peace and security affect education reforms in conflict-affected contexts? and (2) how does education reform in conflict-affected contexts interacts with and is related to broader, international dynamics, processes, and actors? More specifically, the paper analyses the role of international actors in traditionally national sectors and the multi-layered, hybrid governance of education reform within a broader statebuilding, peacebuilding, and stabilization perspective. The analysis is divided into two empirical instances: (i) education for liberal multicultural peace (1999–2013) and (ii) education against violent extremism and radicalization (2014–2019). The paper sheds light on the globalization and securitization of education as well as the changing forms and practice of statehood and sovereignty in times of post-war-reconstruction and fragility. A threat-containment and security-based logic has dictated priorities and determined choices in education reform and content.

scholarly journals The Role Of Education Reform In Uzbekistan In Reducing Youth Delinquency

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Tojibayev Bakhromjon Turabayevich ◽  
◽  
Azimov Ashirali Mexmonboevich ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Education Reforms ◽  
Youth Delinquency

The article assesses the importance of education in the modern world and its role in reducing youth deviation as a social institution. Education reforms in Uzbekistan emphasize the quality of reducing the deviation of young people by increasing the efficiency of "human capital".

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Economic Actors in Post-war Reintegration Processes: Case of Sierra Leone.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
MaryAnne Iwara
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Aid Dependency ◽  
Post War ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
National Governments

This paper examines post-conflict peacebuilding activities in Sierra Leone by critically looking at the role of economic actors in the reintegration process of its post-war Disarmament Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) initiative. The civil war that lasted for 11 years in Sierra Leone, put doubts on the national governments ability to effectively provide both victims and perpetuators, the necessary protection and assistance needed to fully assume responsibilities within the communities. Because of this, poverty was further entrenched, thereby increasing the countries susceptibility to return to conflict. Though reintegration processes are continuous, integrative and involve exhaustive budgetary commitments, the process, in Sierra Leone was short-termed, not well coordinated and took time to begin delivering. With the United Nations, World Bank and the weak national government leading the process, financing was often insufficient or late, in combination with the lack of a coherent planning strategy; all these factors contributed to lapses in socio-economic profiling, skills and vocational training and spread disillusionment and resentment among ex-combatants and victims. Using content analysis, the paper argues that, post-war countries need active, equitable and profitable economic sectors if they are to graduate from conflict and from post-conflict aid-dependency. Moreover, as social contracts and corporate social responsibility to communities they govern and operate in, economic actors must create enabling environments and, generate jobs to support legitimate local capacities. The utility of this paper lies in the idea that for any post-conflict country to attain long-term social and economic development, reintegration programme design and activities, must holistically incorporate critical economic actors.  

A Different Form of Intervention? Revisiting the Role of Researchers in Post-war Contexts

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Daniela Lai
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military

This chapter deals with Daniela Lai's argument on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which explains how some forms of distance between researcher and researched are created by academic research and seen as a form of intervention. It focuses on the consequences of research-as-intervention and intervention by academia that shape the very field it sets out to research. It also discusses how the over-research of certain areas of Bosnian society are experienced due to academic biases that lead to distancing. The chapter looks into another form of distancing that concerns communities, groups, and topics that are sidelined by intervention research for not being the focus of the military and political interventions. It also addresses why there are people, places, and problems that are absent and distant from fieldwork-based research in most over-researched post-conflict societies.

Female rebels and United Nations peacekeeping deployments

2021 ◽  
pp. 001083672110471
Author(s):  
Marius Mehrl ◽  
Christoph Dworschak
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Growing Body

How does the presence of female rebel combatants during conflict influence the likelihood of United Nations post-conflict peacekeeping deployment? While past literature on peacekeeping emphasizes the role of conflict attributes and security council interests, only few studies investigate the importance of belligerent characteristics. We argue that, because dominant gender stereotypes paint women as peaceful, female rebel combatants lead domestic and international audiences to perceive conflicts in which they fight as more severe. Given that recent UN resolutions and mission mandates align with these stereotypes, this in turn, causes the UN to intervene and deploy peacekeepers. Multivariate regression models drawing on a global sample of UN post-conflict missions provide empirical support for our hypothesis. Our findings add to the growing body of literature emphasizing the role of women in combat roles, and contribute to the discussion on the UN’s Women, Peace, and Security agenda.

Of Justice and the Grave: The Role of the Dead in Post-conflict Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymelee Kim ◽  
Tricia Redeker Hepner
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
War Survivors ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Post War

In the aftermath of war, survivors’ definitions of justice are often in tension with those of governments and international actors. While post-war northern Uganda has been the site of high-profile prosecutions of Lord’s Resistance Army rebels, our research in rural Acholiland highlights how survivors define justice largely in terms of material compensation for both the living and the dead. These priorities are linked to the omnipresence of improperly buried human remains as evidence of physical and structural violence. Mass graves, burials in former displacement camps, and unidentified remains become focal points around which survivors articulate ongoing socioeconomic suffering and demands for redress. A ‘thanatological approach’ that centres the role of the dead and critically explores the possibilities presented by forensic science in a transitional justice context reveals survivors’ prioritisation of reparative and restorative justice despite the international and national focus on retributive justice through institutions like the icc.

scholarly journals Peacebuilding: the Shift towards a Hybrid Peace Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syaiful Anam
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Failed States ◽  
Market System ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Liberal Peace ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Post War

This paper examines the transformation within the practice and concept ofcontemporary peacebuilding. Peacebuilding, practically and conceptually, hasbeen dominated by the liberal peace paradigm. In this case, theinstitutionalising of its core ideas such as democratisation, human rights, therule of law, and liberal market system to the post-conflict states and to a socalled ‘fragile/failed states’ aiming at bringing peace and security has failed to create a comprehensive and sustainable peace on the ground as exemplified in Nicaragua, Haiti, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and other post-war states. Scholars focused on the issue of peacebuilding have engaged to a new approach that challenge the domination of the liberal paradigm through the accommodation and appreciation upon the ‘local’ and thus create spaces for the interaction between the liberal and the ‘local’ within forms of ‘hybrid peace’ or ‘hybrid peacebuilding’

The Peacebuilding Process in Postwar Liberia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alžběta Šváblová
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post War ◽  
Ultimate Fate ◽  
Academic Debate

Who are the most important actors in the peacebuilding process in post-war Liberia? How do they interact in specific institutions on the ground and what are the factors behind the slow pace of the post-war reform process? This book, designed as a qualitative case study with a strong descriptive component, provides answers to these questions. It highlights the importance of the domestic political landscape for the ultimate fate of the reforms and the role of influential individuals in the process. Its findings indicate that despite a rich, critical academic debate, the current practice of peacebuilding remains shaped by the neo-liberal paradigm, and remains rather disconnected from the post-conflict realities and individuals on the ground.

Post-Conflict Processes and Religion: Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Ash
Keyword(s):  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Conflict Processes ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
Religious Piety ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Post War ◽  
Sectarian Identity

Lebanon is a multisectarian society of four million people, divided among eighteen sectarian affiliations, many of which are highly salient in Lebanese society. The country experienced a complex, multifaceted civil conflict from 1975 to 1990, the aftermath of which continues to shape political interaction in the country. Sectarian identity has evolved, both before as well as after the civil conflict, shaped by clientelism, individual identities, and Islamist political movements. Despite years of conflict, identity in post-war Lebanon has remained fluid, and while sect is still a relevant identity marker, it is neither as deterministic nor as linked to religious piety as outside observers may expect. Research shows that Lebanese citizens face pressures to conform to sectarian beliefs due to the control that sectarian political parties have over goods distribution, but, at the same time, conforming to the sectarian democratic system may moderate the absolutist claims of Islamist political movements, especially Hizbollah. Despite the institutional and demographic idiosyncrasies of the Lebanese political system, each of these findings do much to inform outside literature on religion and post-conflict processes, along with tangential work on clientelism, the role of identity and politics and Islamic politics. However, there is still much to be done. Researchers should devote more attention to the growing backlash against sectarianism among popular movements within Lebanon and do more to explore the links between clientelism and sectarian identity in more precise and greater detail.

Bilateral donors and aid conditionality in post-conflict peacebuilding: the case of Mozambique

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Manning ◽  
Monica Malbrough
Keyword(s):  
Peace Process ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
International Peacebuilding ◽  
Post War ◽  
Shared Commitment

ABSTRACTThis article examines the role of bilateral donors and conditional aid in Mozambique's successful post-war peace process. The literature on peacebuilding has tended to privilege the role of UN missions in explaining the outcomes of post-civil war peace processes. The important role that bilateral donors may play in determining these outcomes has not been thoroughly studied. In Mozambique, donors with country experience, knowledge of domestic political actors and constraints, and a shared commitment to a successful outcome, were indispensable to the success of the peace process. The article details this engagement, arguing that it was not UNOMOZ alone, but UNOMOZ as supported by the flexible responses of these donors, that provided an effective third-party guarantee of the peace agreement in Mozambique. It briefly discusses the broader implications of this finding for understanding international peacebuilding efforts.

General Introduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Fredline A.O. M’Cormack-Hale ◽  
Josephine Beoku-Betts
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post War ◽  
Democracy Building

Although much has been written on many different aspects of post-conflict reconstruction, democracy building, and the role of the international community in Sierra Leone, there is no definitive publication that focuses on exploring the ways in which various interventions targeted at women in Sierra Leone have resulted in socio-economic and political change, following the Sierra Leone civil war. This special issue explores the multi-faceted subject of women’s empowerment in post-war Sierra Leone. Employing a variety of theoretical frameworks, the papers examine a broad range of themes addressing women’s socio-economic and political development, ranging from health to political participation, from paramount chiefs and parliamentarians to traditional birth attendants and refugees. An underlying argument is that post-war contexts provide the space to advance policies and practices that contribute to women’s empowerment. To this end, the papers examine the varied ways in which women have individually and collectively responded to, shaped, negotiated, and been affected by national and international initiatives and processes.

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