scholarly journals Numerical analysis of a 3-D printed porous trailing edge for broadband noise reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Teruna ◽  
F. Avallone ◽  
D. Ragni ◽  
A. Rubio-Carpio ◽  
D. Casalino
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Excess Noise ◽  
Entrance Length ◽  
Noise Mitigation ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Turbulent Length Scale ◽  
Porous Insert

Lattice Boltzmann simulations were carried out to investigate the noise mitigation mechanisms of a 3-D printed porous trailing-edge insert, elucidating the link between noise reduction and material permeability. The porous insert is based on a unit cell resembling a lattice of diamond atoms. It replaces the last 20 % chord of a NACA 0018 at zero angle-of-attack. A partially blocked insert is considered by adding a solid partition between 84 % and 96 % of the aerofoil chord. The regular porous insert achieves a substantial noise reduction at low frequencies, although a slight noise increase is found at high frequencies. The partially blocked porous insert exhibits a lower noise reduction level, but the noise emission at mid-to-high frequency is slightly affected. The segment of the porous insert near the tip plays a dominant role in promoting noise mitigation, whereas the solid-porous junction contributes, in addition to the rough surface, towards the high-frequency excess noise. The current study demonstrates the existence of an entrance length associated with the porous material geometry, which is linked to the pressure release process that is responsible for promoting noise mitigation. This process is characterised by the aerodynamic interaction between pressure fluctuations across the porous medium, which is found at locations where the porous insert thickness is less than twice the entrance length. Present results also suggest that the noise attenuation level is related to both the chordwise extent of the porous insert and the streamwise turbulent length scale. The porous inserts also cause a slight drag increase compared to their solid counterpart.

scholarly journals Aerofoil self-noise radiations subjected to serration flap angles

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Woodhead ◽  
T. P. Chong ◽  
P. F. Joseph ◽  
A. Vathylakis
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spanwise Direction ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Blade Loading ◽  
Loading Effect

Abstract Besides the investigation of the aeroacoustics responses of an asymmetric aerofoil subjected to serrated trailing edge flap angles from negative (flap-down) to positive (flap-up), this paper also provides a new perspective on the physical mechanisms of broadband noise reduction by a serrated trailing edge. The blade-loading effect, which is a function of the length and flap angle for a straight/non-serrated trailing edge flat plate, plays a considerable role in the self-noise radiation that is hitherto less recognised. When the same trailing edge flat plate is cut into a sawtooth serration shape, the self-noise reduction will be underpinned simultaneously by both the serration effect (dominant) and the blade-loading effect. The results demonstrate that the far-field radiation of a serrated aerofoil can be manipulated significantly depending on the direction of the flap angle. In the flap-down configuration, the blade-loading will become a negative factor that causes a deterioration of the noise reduction performance across the entire frequency range. In the flap-up configuration, three spectral frequencies zones can be defined. At the low-frequency zone, the diminished cross-flow at the sawtooth gaps will impede the noise reduction capability. At the central-frequency zone, the re-distribution of the turbulence sources and reduction in the turbulence spanwise length scales will enhance the noise reduction performance. Improvement in the noise performance can also be achieved at the high-frequency zone owing to the lack of interaction between the cross-flow and sawtooth structure. A new concept is positively demonstrated by varying the serration flap angle as a periodic function across the spanwise direction (spanwise wavy serration). When compared to a non-flap serrated trailing edge, the spanwise wavy serration is found to further increase the noise reduction level between the central and high-frequency regions. Graphic abstract

Experimental study of wavy trailing edge serrations on flat rotor blades

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1855-1866
Author(s):  
Sai Manikanta Kaja ◽  
K. Sriinivasan ◽  
A. Jaswanth Kalyan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Tonal Noise ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Low Speeds ◽  
Trailing Edge Serrations

A detailed experimental study is conducted to observe the effect of various parameters like wavelength, depth of serrations, and pitch angle on serrated blades' acoustic emissions at low speeds up to 2000 rpm. Experiments are conducted on flat blade rotors with sinusoidal serrations on the trailing edge of blades with different amplitudes and wavelengths. A total of 7 blades with different serration configurations, including a base configuration, are studied, five of them have serrations throughout the span of the blade, and one configuration has serration of varying amplitude on the farther half of the blade. It is observed that some blade configurations have resulted in tonal noise reduction noise as much as 8dB, whereas some of the serration configurations reduce very little to none, there is no significant effect of T.E serrations on the broadband noise emitted by the rotor. Directivity of noise generated from the rotor, the effect of serrations on the directivity of the noise is studied.

scholarly journals On the universal trends in the noise reduction due to wavy leading edges in aerofoil–vortex interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 186-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Turner ◽  
Jae Wook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Leading Edges

Existing studies suggest that wavy leading edges (WLEs) offer substantial reduction of broadband noise generated by an aerofoil undergoing upstream vortical disturbances. In this context, there are two universal trends in the frequency spectra of the noise reduction which have been observed and reported to date: (i) no significant reduction at low frequencies followed by (ii) a rapid growth of the noise reduction that persists in the medium-to-high frequency range. These trends are known to be insensitive to the aerofoil type and flow condition used. This paper aims to provide comprehensive understandings as to how these universal trends are formed and what the major drivers are. The current work is based on very-high-resolution numerical simulations of a semi-infinite flat-plate aerofoil impinged by a prescribed divergence-free vortex in an inviscid base flow at zero incidence angle, continued from recent work by the authors (Turner & Kim, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 811, 2017, pp. 582–611). One of the most significant findings in the current work is that the noise source distribution on the aerofoil surface becomes entirely two-dimensional (highly non-uniform in the spanwise direction as well as streamwise) at high frequencies when the WLE is involved. Also, the sources downstream of the LE make crucial contributions to creating the universal trends across all frequencies. These findings contradict the conventional LE-focused one-dimensional source analysis that has widely been accepted for all frequencies. The current study suggests that the universal trends in the noise-reduction spectra can be properly understood by taking the downstream source contributions into account, in terms of both magnitude and phase variations. After including the downstream sources, it is shown in this paper that the first universal trend is due to the conservation of total (surface integrated) source energy at low frequencies. The surface-integrated source magnitude that decreases faster with the WLE correlates very well with the noise-reduction spectrum at medium frequencies. In the meantime, the high-frequency noise reduction is driven almost entirely by destructive phase interference that increases rapidly and consistently with frequency, explaining the second universal trend.

scholarly journals Role of Polymeric Coating on Metallic Foams to Control the Aeroacoustic Noise Reduction of Airfoils with Permeable Trailing Edges

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Hedayati ◽  
Alejandro Rubio Carpio ◽  
Salil Luesutthiviboon ◽  
Daniele Ragni ◽  
Francesco Avallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Noise Mitigation ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Coated Metal ◽  
Trailing Edges

Studies on porous trailing edges, manufactured with open-cell Ni-Cr-Al foams with sub-millimeter pore sizes, have shown encouraging results for the mitigation of turbulent boundary-layer trailing-edge noise. However, the achieved noise mitigation is typically dependent upon the pore geometry, which is fixed after manufacturing. In this study, a step to control the aeroacoustics effect of such porous trailing edges is taken, by applying a polymeric coating onto the internal foam structure. Using this method, the internal topology of the foam is maintained, but its permeability is significantly affected. This study opens a new possibility of aeroacoustic control, since the polymeric coatings are temperature responsive, and their thickness can be controlled inside the foam. Porous metallic foams with pore sizes of 580, 800, and 1200 μm are (internally) spray-coated with an elastomeric coating. The uncoated and coated foams are characterized in terms of reduced porosity, average coating thickness and air-flow resistance. Subsequently, the coated and uncoated foams are employed to construct tapered inserts installed at the trailing edge of an NACA 0018 airfoil. The noise mitigation performances of the coated metal foams are compared to those of uncoated metal foams with either similar pore size or permeability value, and both are compared to the solid trailing edge reference case. Results show that that the permeability of the foam can be easily altered by the application of an internal coating on the metallic foams. The noise reduction characteristics of the coated foams are similar to equivalent ones with metallic materials, provided that the coating material is rigid enough not to plastically deform under flow conditions.

Numerical Analysis of an Industrial Fan Fitted With Noise Reduction Devices

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Amaral Teixeira ◽  
E. Naylor ◽  
P. C. Ivey ◽  
A. G. Sheard ◽  
I. R. Kinghorn
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Fan Noise ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
The Individual

The reduction of noise emitted by industrial low speed cooling fans, particularly those fitted to air conditioning systems is a concern to fan manufacturers. The market for industrial low speed fans is highly competitive, with fan noise being the major differentiating factor between competing products. Noise reduction strategies are therefore implemented but these can adversely affect the fan’s pressure delivery capability. A reduction of fan speed can also lead to a reduction in fan noise but this is usually accompanied by a corresponding reduction in pressure rise and flow rate. The practical difficulties associated with maintaining fan pressure and flow characteristics while simultaneously reducing fan noise present fan manufacturers with a challenge. Traditional empirical approaches to the reduction of fan noise have almost been exhausted and no longer offer the potential to significantly reduce fan noise. The understanding of the aerodynamic mechanisms that act as broadband noise sources in low speed fans has been the subject of a considerable number of papers over many years. For most fans operating as a single blade row, the main sources of noise, other than those dependent on the incident turbulence levels, depend on the trailing edge and tip gap flow conditions. A range of strategies seeking to control the noise generated by these regions have been proposed over time by various authors and a number of these schemes have reached production status. The current paper details the numerical analysis of an industrial low speed fan, commonly used in conjunction with a cooling matrix, and which incorporates two distinct noise reduction features; trailing edge crenulations and a blade tip fence. Comparisons are carried out between various combinations of blades, with and without the individual features, and a discussion of the aerodynamics of the particular configurations is undertaken from a perspective of their noise reduction capabilities.

Broadband Noise Reduction with Trailing Edge Brushes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Finez ◽  
Marc Jacob ◽  
Emmanuel Jondeau ◽  
Michel Roger
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Trailing Edge

Experimental Study on the Turbomachinery Trailing Edge Noise Reduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Tong ◽  
Wei-Yang Qiao ◽  
Liang Ji ◽  
Kun-Bo Xu ◽  
Xun-Nian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Turbine Cascade ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Trailing Edge Noise ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Trailing Edge Serrations

This paper is a continuation of a series of study on the mechanism of the broadband noise reduction for turbomachinery blade using trailing edge serrations. The noise reduction potential of turbine blade with trailing edge serrations is experimentally assessed as well as the various parameters on the noise reduction effect. Special focus is put on whether the trailing edge serrations affect turbine cascade tailing edge noise in the same way as they do on the isolated airfoil. Five different trailing edge serrations were designed for a turbine linear cascade to investigate the effects of serration geometry parameter on the noise reduction. A linear microphone array was used to quantify the difference of sound source levels of turbine cascade with and without trailing edge modifications. The experiment was carried out at various velocities and the Reynolds number (based on cascade inlet velocity and chord) ranges from 1.3×105 to 3.3×105. The experiment results show that trailing edge serrations can reduce turbine trailing edge noise in a wide frequency range that we are interested (from 1600Hz to 10000Hz) and a maximum noise reduction of about 5dB is obtained in the mid frequency range (2000Hz to 4000Hz). The results show that the serration length has an important effect on the noise reduction effect and the longer serration in the experiment lead to more noise reduction. However, serration wavelength has only a little effect on the noise reduction although the wider trailing edge serrations tested in the experiment can achieve slightly more noise reduction. This is quite different from that for airfoils. At all the velocities tested, the cascade trailing edge noise is effectively reduced and the maximum noise reduction occurs at St=2fh/U≈1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document