Legume production at Cyrene in the Hellenistic period: epigraphic evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Muna H. Haroun Abdelhamed
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Legume Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
Over Time

AbstractLegumes seem to have been cultivated and to have formed an essential part of the human diet during the Greek and Roman periods. This paper examines the cultivation of pulses in Cyrenaica during the Hellenistic era. It considers the regional production capacity for legumes to meet local needs and argues the involvement of different kinds of pulses in interregional commerce alongside cereals and other dry grains. This study has been implemented via investigating Hellenistic epigraphic evidence from Cyrene. It has traced the cost of pulses mentioned in inscriptions of the fourth and third/second centuries BC and compared them with that of wheat and barley. Pulses and cereal costs indicated by Diocletian's ‘Edict on Maximum Prices of AD 301’ have also been investigated to assess the general trend of their prices over time. The examination demonstrates that varieties of pulses were produced in Cyrenaica during the Hellenistic era and were likely as significant as wheat and barley. It also indicates that they were probably traded from the region alongside other dry commodities.

The cost of homelessness: Assessing change over time

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Spano ◽  
P. Toro ◽  
M. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

The Internet Trap

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hindman
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attention Economy ◽  
Digital News ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

The Internet was supposed to fragment audiences and make media monopolies impossible. Instead, behemoths like Google and Facebook now dominate the time we spend online—and grab all the profits from the attention economy. This book explains how this happened. It sheds light on the stunning rise of the digital giants and the online struggles of nearly everyone else—and reveals what small players can do to survive in a game that is rigged against them. The book shows how seemingly tiny advantages in attracting users can snowball over time. The Internet has not reduced the cost of reaching audiences—it has merely shifted who pays and how. Challenging some of the most enduring myths of digital life, the book explains why the Internet is not the postindustrial technology that has been sold to the public, how it has become mathematically impossible for grad students in a garage to beat Google, and why net neutrality alone is no guarantee of an open Internet. It also explains why the challenges for local digital news outlets and other small players are worse than they appear and demonstrates what it really takes to grow a digital audience and stay alive in today's online economy. The book shows why, even on the Internet, there is still no such thing as a free audience.

Value-based dentistry: Putting the patient first

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivas Koka ◽  
Galya Raz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

What does ‘value’ mean? In the context of dental care, it can be defined as the quality of care received by a patient divided by the cost to the patient of receiving that care. In other words: V =Q/C, where Q equals the quality improvement over time, which most patients view in the context of the outcome, the service provided and safety/risk management, and C equals the financial, biological and time cost to the patient. Here, the need for, and implications of, value-based density for clinicians and patients alike are explored.

Confirming Anomalies

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150024
Author(s):  
Peter Chinloy ◽  
Matthew Imes
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Identification Strategy

A procedure confirms whether a return-factor correlation is anomalous or results from endogenous simultaneous-equations bias. The identification strategy sorts the cost of capital components for instruments. In the first stage, the initially found factors are regressed on cost instruments. In the second stage, a confirmed anomaly has predicted value significant in returns and exogenous. Taxes, depreciation and capital structure are strong instruments, affecting 1980–2017 quarterly U.S. stock returns. Size, value and profitability decisions are significant in instruments. Returns increase in fitted profits, but not small size. Actual and predicted values have weaker correlation with returns over time.

Health, Longevity, and Welfare Inequality of Older Americans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Ray Miller ◽  
Neha Bairoliya
Keyword(s):  
Expected Utility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Welfare Inequality ◽  
Health And Mortality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We estimate the distribution of well-being among the older U.S. population using an expected utility framework that incorporates differences in consumption, leisure, health, and mortality. We find large disparities in welfare that have increased over time. Incorporating the cost of living with poor health into elderly welfare substantially increases the overall inequality. Disparity measures based on cross-sectional income or consumption underestimate the growth in aggregate welfare inequality. Moreover, health is a better indicator of an individual's relative welfare position than income or consumption.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Fee-to-Tax Reform on Water Resources in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Rui Chen ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Xu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Difference ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Cost

The Resource Tax Law was officially implemented on September 1, 2020, in China. This law presents the “Fee-to-Tax” reform of water resources. This article compares the effects of the “Fee-to-Tax” reform under asymmetric duopoly conditions with perfect information. The mechanisms of the two policies are different when all firms simultaneously respond to water resources: the water resource fee affects output by reducing market size, while the water resource tax reduces output by amplifying the weighted cost difference effects between companies. Water resource taxes work better than fees for eliminating backward production capacity. A comparison of the situation when companies respond sequentially is also carried out. When a low-cost firm is in the leading position, the collection of fees actually reduces the output difference, whereas the tax improves it. When a high-cost firm acts as a leader, the effects depend on the cost difference. When the cost difference between firms is small, the first-move advantage of high-cost firms dominates the cost advantages of low-cost firms. Therefore, a higher tax rate yields a smaller output difference. When cost differences are relatively larger, the cost advantage of low-cost firms dominates the first-move advantage of high-cost firms. As the operational cost for reducing water consumption increases, the reduced water consumption first increases and then decreases.

scholarly journals Proposed Policy Preventive Maintenance Machine Moriseiki NH 4000 DCG Method Of Reliability Center Maintenance (RCM) And Risk Based Maintenance (RBM) Case Study PT. Pudak Scientific

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fachri Husaini
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Acceptance Set ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
A Company

PT Pudak Scientific is a company engaged in the manufacture of aircraft parts industry. Meeting the precise and timely demand of aerospace parts from customers becomes a major corporate responsibility. However, Loss Revenue often occurs due to engine breakdown. So that cause because the production target is not achieved, the product reject, and the delay of delivery. One of the machines that often experience breakdown is Mori seiki NH4000 DCG. Mori seiki NH4000 DCG is the finishing machine for Blank fork End product. The demand for this part is quite large, making it a tough task for the Mori Seiki NH4000 DCG machine. But because the breakdown of the machine is high enough to cause production targets every month are often not met. In addition, Maintenance activities that have not noticed the characteristics of engine damage, as well as the distribution of historical data of the machine causing less effective and efficient actions resulted in substantial Maintenance costs. Based on the results of risk analysis of Mori Seiki NH4000 DCG engine damage, in terms of performance loss system caused by a large enough that is 3.773% of machine production capacity per year. This figure exceeds the risk acceptance criteria by the company that is 2%. Therefore it is necessary to find the appropriate Maintenance policy for the Mori Seiki NH4000 DCG machine. The approach is to use Reliability Centeres Maintenance and Risk Based Maintenance. Based on the above two approaches obtained the appropriate interval time so that the Maintenance activities more effective and can improve the efficiency of treatment by reducing the cost of care previously Rp167.506.286, - per year, to Rp 96.147.061, - per year. With the policy is expected to reduce engine breakdown and performance loss caused. So the number of risks that arise for the future are within the criteria of acceptance set by the company.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Fee-to-Tax Reform on Water Resources in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-rui Chen ◽  
Pu-yan Nie
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Difference ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Resource Policy ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background: The Resource Tax Law has been officially implemented on September 1, 2020 in China. This law presents the “Fee-to-Tax” reform of water resources. Methods: This article compares the effects of the “Fee-to-Tax” reform under an asymmetric duopoly with perfect information. Results: First, an analysis when all firms simultaneously respond to the water resource policy is conducted. The mechanisms of the two policies are different: the water resource fee affects output by reducing market size, while the water resource tax reduces output by amplifying the weighted cost difference effects between companies. It is shown that the tax works better than the fee for eliminating backward production capacity. Then, a comparison of the situation when companies respond sequentially is carried out. When a low-cost firm is in the leading position, the collection of fees actually reduces the output difference, whereas the tax improves it. When a high-cost firm acts as a leader, the effects depend on the cost difference. When the cost difference between firms is small, the first-move advantage of high-cost firms dominates the cost advantages of low-cost firms. Therefore, a higher tax rate yields a smaller output difference. Conclusions: When cost differences are relatively larger, the cost advantage of low-cost firms dominates the first-move advantage of high-cost firms. Therefore, the “Fee-to-Tax” reform provides some benefits to maintain the environmental development of some water-mining or related industries.

scholarly journals Analisa Harga Pokok Penjualan dalam Menentukan Laba pada Rumah Makan Putri Solo “Takana Jo Kampuang” Muara Bulian

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Muryati Muryati ◽  
Joko Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to analyze the calculation of the cost of sales as the basis for determining the selling price of the product in determining profit in one period at The Putri Solo Restaurant "Takana Jo Kampuang" Muara Bulian. The method used is descriptive method by using qualitative attachment can also use research to calculate the cost of sales and collect costs that have been spent for the food business. For Return of Business Capital RM with the resulting production capacity. Research shows that Putri Solo Restaurant "Takana Jo Kampuang" Muara Bulian is experiencing stable financial condition and can even achieve maximum results. The cost that has been spent is used as an element of calculation of the formation of the cost of goods sold and the determination of the selling price as the basis in determining the profit of the business. The head of Putri Solo Restaurant "Takana Jo Kampuang" Muara Bulian should maintain and improve their business as best as possible and innovate if they want to keep their business as a developed restaurant.

The Board-Executive Imperative

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Usman A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Supply Chain Optimization ◽  
Supply Chain Strategy ◽  
Firm Scope ◽  
Corporate Context ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

This chapter provides a fresh outlook for supply chain optimization by advocating the involvement of boards and top-teams that are uniquely positioned to address a confluence of three strategic responsibilities of a firm: scope and significance; people and culture; and measures and metrics. It provides a holistic corporate context and grapples with tougher issues often deferred or stalled as other initiatives or crises grab corporate attention. This chapter introduces his frameworks and guidelines and selective examples of success and failure in implementation. This chapter assigns primary responsibility for supply chain strategy senior executives. It observes these areas as gradually becoming too operationalized, even commoditized, with local efficiencies emphasized at the cost of gradual overall ineffectiveness. It also dispels six myths that have taken root over time, highlighting their impact and substituting these with today's realities. To make this work more practical, this chapter shares first-hand examples of supply chain practices.

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