scholarly journals Razza cagna:mondomovies, the white heterosexual male gaze, and the 1960s–1970s imaginary of the nation

Modern Italy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaia Giuliani
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Male Gaze ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
White Masculinity ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Heterosexual Male ◽  
The 1960S

This article investigates the role, reception, and socio-cultural, political relevance ofmondomovies in the context of late 1950s–early 1980s film and documentary. Themondogenre debuted with reportage films about sexuality in Europe and reached its pinnacle with Gualtiero Jacopetti’s assemblage films. The historical context in which this genre evolved, and white masculinity was rearticulated and positioned at the centre of the national imagined community, is mapped focusing both on gender and race constructions and on thegazeidentifying, encoding and decoding the sensationalist presentation of postcolonial/ decolonising Otherness. A brief review of some of the author’s published work on 1962–1971mondomovies introducesCannibal Holocaust(1979) and director Ruggero Deodato’s controversial reflection on the white, capitalist, sexist, Western and neo-colonial anthropological gaze.

In Search of Space: The Trope of Escape in German Electronic Music around 1968

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-352
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY SCOTT BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Electronic Music ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Musical Genre ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

‘In Search of Space’ explores the history of Krautrock, a futuristic musical genre that began in Germany in the late 1960s and flowered in the 1970s. Not usually explicitly political, Krautrock bore the unmistakable imprint of the revolt of 1968. Groups arose out of the same milieux and shared many of the same concerns as anti-authoritarian radicals. Their rebellion expressed, in an artistic way, key themes of the broader countercultural moment of which they were a part. A central theme, the article argues, was escape – escape from the situation of Germany in the 1960s in general, and from the specific conditions of the anti-authoritarian revolt in the Federal Republic in the wake of 1968. Mapping Krautrock's relationship to key locations and routes (both real and imaginary), the article situates Krautrock in relationship to the political and cultural upheavals of its historical context.

scholarly journals Práticas matemáticas inscritas em cadernos escolares: o caso das fraçõesMathematical practices inscribed in school notebooks: the case of fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-788
Author(s):  
Francine Fragoso de Miranda Silva ◽  
Cláudia Regina Flores ◽  
Rosilene Beatriz Machado
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Mathematical Practices ◽  
New Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

ResumoEste artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar práticas matemáticas inscritas em cadernos escolares de uma escola mista estadual do município de Antônio Carlos (SC), nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, com enfoque dado para as frações. São utilizadas as teorizações de Michel Foucault para nortear os preceitos teórico-metodológicos. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam práticas matemáticas desenvolvidas nessa escola obedecendo aos programas oficiais catarinenses da época, com soluções rápidas e sucintas e voltadas às tarefas de seu cotidiano. Também se observam que elas estão inseridas num contexto histórico, compreendido entre a Reforma Francisco Campos, de 1931, e o início do Movimento da Matemática Moderna, nos anos de 1960, no qual a fração recebe uma nova abordagem, distanciando-se da relação entre número e medida e aproximando-se da noção de parte-todo.Palavras-chave: Práticas matemáticas, Cadernos escolares, Frações, História da educação matemática.AbstractThis article aims to identify and analyze mathematical practices registered in school notebooks of a mixed state school in the city of Antônio Carlos (SC), in the 1930s and 1940s, focused on fractions. Michel Foucault's theorizations are used to guide theoretical and methodological precepts. The results of the research show mathematical practices developed in these schools obeying the Santa Catarina official programs of the time, with quick and succinct solutions and focused on their daily tasks. It is also observed that they are inserted in a historical context, between the Francisco Campos Reform, of 1931, and the beginning of the Modern Mathematics Movement, in the 1960s, in which the fraction receives a new approach, moving away from the relationship between number and measure and approaching the notion of part-whole.Keywords: Mathematical practices, School notebooks, Fractions, History of mathematics education.ResumenEste artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar las prácticas matemáticas registradas en los cuadernos escolares de una escuela estatal mixta en la ciudad de Antônio Carlos (SC), en la década de 1930 y 1940, con un enfoque en las fracciones. Las teorizaciones de Michel Foucault se utilizan para guiar los preceptos teóricos y metodológicos. Los resultados de la investigación muestran prácticas matemáticas desarrolladas en estas escuelas que obedecen los programas oficiales de Santa Catarina de la época, con soluciones rápidas y sucintas y centradas en sus tareas diarias. También se observa que se insertan en un contexto histórico, entre la Reforma Francisco Campos, de 1931, y el comienzo del Movimiento de Matemáticas Modernas, en la década de 1960, en el que la fracción recibe un nuevo enfoque, alejándose de la relación entre numerar y medir y acercándose a la noción de parte-todo.Palabras clave: Prácticas matemáticas, Cuadernos escolares, Fracciones, Historia de la educación matemática

How literature tells the story. Observations on contemporary Bulgarian Bessarabic prose

Proglas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Nalbantova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses fiction novels that have been written in Bulgarian since the 1960s by Bessarabian Bulgarians, focusing on topics related to the life of Bulgarian expats in Bessarabia. The Bulgarian Bessarabian literature from this period is defined as contemporary. This article reconstructs the historical context as interpreted in two different ways: as events that found their way into the narratives, and as circumstances, which enforced both the selection of topics and their interpretation, and at the same time the literary canon that shaped the texts. The article concludes that the depiction of historical events in the novels of P.Trufkin, P. Burlak-Valkanov, Iv. Valkov, Il. Valkov, I. Nenov, A. Maleshkova and N. Kurtev conforms to extraliterary factors: ideology, geopolitical interests of neighboring countries, civilizational pessimism.

The Dragon Lady of Gotham: Feminine Power, the Mythical East, and Talia al Ghul

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tosha Taylor
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Woman ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Heterosexual Male ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
East Asian Woman

In “The Dragon Lady of Gotham: Feminine Power, the Mythical East, and Talia al Ghul,” Tosha Taylor considers the gender and race politics of Batman’s most complex enemy and ally. The chapter explores patterns of Orientalist fantasy in the character’s actions and appearance. Working from the initial Orientalist inspiration for Talia’s villainous family as related by the character’s creators, Taylor posits that Talia’s chief function in the D.C. universe has been to embody the stereotype of the “Dragon Lady,” an exotic temptress capable of unconscionable acts of betrayal. The chapter examines Talia’s forty-year struggle between villainess and heroine and argues that her agency depends on her conformity to Western myths about Arabic and East Asian woman. The study concludes with consideration of whether Talia might at times serve as metatexual indictment of Western heterosexist fantasy, craftily appropriating stereotypical images of Orientalism in order to manipulate heterosexual male characters.

Introduction: beginning the trail

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Gemie ◽  
Brian Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
The 1960S

A survey of the travellers introduces this book. It includes reference to a database concerning 80 journeys out to the east. The chapter explores the historical context of the 1960s, the counter-culture, the development of the term ‘hippy’ and its various meanings. Basic information about the travellers (such as average age, gender, and destination) is given. Existing approaches and understandings of the 1960s are explored. The start date (1957) and end date (1978) of our study are explained. The differences between the various travellers are noted, and the qualities which united them are also identified. Most of our sample of 80 would have refused to identify themselves as ‘hippies’: this point is considered and discussed. The existing studies of the trail and similar topics are briefly considered.

Rewriting Flaubert in the 1960s

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Steen Bille Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Georges Perec ◽  
Louis Aragon ◽  
New Novel ◽  
Tel Quel ◽  
The 1960S

In French 1960s’ literature, the strategy of re-writing is associated with the New Novel and the ideological Tel Quel movement. However, a more ironical poetics of the novel can be found in Blanche ou l'oubli (1967) by Louis Aragon1 and Les Choses (1967) by Georges Perec.2 Both novels are rewritings of Gustave Flaubert's L'Education sentimentale, with particular attention to that novel's main theme of ‘illusion’. The interesting question then is how literary tradition becomes a part of the meta-fictional interrogation of human experience in a particular historical context. Perec uses the rhythm of Flaubert's sentences to draw attention to the story as a construction and to his characters’ lack of significance. Aragon foregrounds the novel's capacity of holding on to experience as such, with autobiography (Flaubert's as well as his own) linked to materialistic-historical conditions. Ultimately, in following the writer's reading of the historical work, the reader must seek what literature offers him or her the opportunity to apprehend his/her own conditions for experience.

International Relations and the Study of History

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos Koliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
History Plays ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

International relations and history are inextricably linked, and with good reason. This link is centuries old: Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War, one of the very earliest and one of the very greatest historical works of all time, is widely regarded as the founding textbook of international relations. Still, those two disciplines are legitimately separate. A somewhat clear boundary between them can probably be drawn around three lines of demarcation: (1) past versus present, (2) idiographic versus nomothetic, and (3) description versus analysis. The utility of history for the analysis of international affairs has been taken for granted since time immemorial. History is said to offer three things to international relations scholars: (1) a ready source of examples, (2) an opportunity to sharpen their theoretical insights, and (3) historical consciousness, that is, an understanding of the historical context of human existence and a corresponding ability to form intelligent judgment about human affairs. This tradition continued well after international relations firmly established itself as a recognized separate discipline some time after World War II, and would remain virtually unchallenged until the 1960s. Since the 1960s, attitudes toward history have diverged within the international relations community. Some approaches, most notably the English school and the world system analysis, have almost by definition thriven on history. History plays a fundamental role in the critical-constructivist approach, while realist scholars continue to draw regularly on history. History is far less popular, though not absent from works belonging to the liberal-idealist approach. Postmodernism is the one approach that is almost completely antithetical to the analytical use of history. Postmodernists have characterized history as merely another form of fiction and question the existence of objective truth and transhistorical knowledge. One cannot exclude the possibility that postmodernism is correct in this respect; however, it is highly unlikely that uncountable generations of people have been victims of mass deception or mass psychosis regarding the utility of history, not least in the analysis of international relations.

The Chicano Movement: Mexican American History and the Struggle for Equality

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Carlos Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mexican American History ◽  
Mass Protest ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The Chicano/Chicana movement was a product of the global eruption that took place in 1968. A critical understanding of this movement requires that it be put into a historical context and theoretical framework of an indigenous people who were internally colonized by the expanding us Empire after the end of the us-Mexico War of 1846-48. Violent and nonviolent struggles took place prior to the 1960s over the issues of land, social justice, and civil rights. The first nonviolent and largest Mexican American mass protest in us history occurred in the Spring of 1968 in East Los Angeles, California, where over ten thousand Chicano high school students walked out of their inferior and racist barrio high schools. The student walkouts ignited the emergence of the Chicano civil rights movement. The movement’s positive contributions and failures will be discussed. Discussion will conclude with a critical analysis of Mexican American struggles in the present age of “Trumpism”.

For-the-record aesthetics and Robert Johnson's blues style as a product of recorded culture

Popular Music ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC W. ROTHENBUHLER
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Professional Musician ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
Better Than

Robert Johnson (1911–1938) is the most venerated of all pre-war blues musicians; the veneration borders on hagiography. Recently published revisionist literature has constructed a sociologically realistic portrayal of a professional musician working among other musicians for a contemporary audience in a specific historical context. This has left unexplained, however, the veneration granted to his music by the audience for his records from the 1960s to today. This paper presents the case that these two bodies of fact can be connected and the one serve as an explanation for the other. As Robert Johnson learned his craft from records and radio, and polished his songs to be recorded, he effectively developed a ‘for-the-record’ aesthetic that made his music sound different to that of his Delta contemporaries and many others who used musical techniques honed in performance for an audience. Decades later, when a ‘for-the-record’ aesthetic was the taken-for-granted standard in popular musical culture, Robert Johnson's records sounded better than those of his contemporaries, and the audience from the 1960s to today has had a reason to think that he and his music were special.

Regional Secure Units: The Creation of a Policy

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-574
Author(s):  
David M. Torpy
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Home Office ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
Special Hospitals

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the historical context of the policy decision of the (then) DHSS in July 1974 to establish Regional Secure Units with an initial provision for 1,000 places. A brief examination of the history of the detention of the criminally insane and the setting up of the county asylums is followed by an examination of the various problems faced by the authorities concerned with the care of the criminally insane and the mentally ill in general in the 1960s. The paper examines the different streams of influence and power that converged upon this solution: government, special hospitals, public inquiries, unlocking of hospital wards, criminal law, DHSS and the Home Office, judges, voluntary bodies, prisons, psychiatrists and the official government reports known as the Glancy and the Butler Reports. The paper seeks to explain the policy decision to build regional secure units as a dynamic outcome arising from the confluence of opportunities, participants and solutions: a policy formation model put forward by March and Olsen (1976).

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