The Needham Puzzle Reconsidered: Organizations, Organizing, and Innovation in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Augier ◽  
Jerry Guo ◽  
Harry Rowen
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
Needham Puzzle

ABSTRACT This paper discusses some aspects of innovation in China. As China seeks to transition to a knowledge-based economy, it may become more important for China to develop innovative technologies to sustain economic growth. How do China's history, culture, institutions, and organizations aid or hinder innovation? How does China's national innovation system compare to the innovation culture in the US, as well as other developed and emerging economies? What are the prospects for the future of the Chinese national innovation system? Our starting point is the Needham Puzzle – the paradox that while China was once a world leader in technological development, it fell behind; the Industrial Revolution happened in Europe rather than in China. Potential explanations for the Needham Puzzle may shed light on the challenges facing innovation in modern China. We identify three factors that might help explain the Needham Puzzle; assess how the Needham Puzzle and Chinese culture and history have affected the modern innovation system; discuss comparative aspects of innovation ecosystems in the United States and elsewhere; and suggest that Chinese innovation emphasizes exploitation and refinement of existing knowledge to the exploration and development of new knowledge. We also discuss implications for the future of innovation in China.

Scientific and technological development and competitiveness of the Russian economy: a factor in harmonizing the interaction of macro-, meso- and micro-level management mechanisms of the emerging national innovation system

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Yu.B. Vinslav
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
Technical Idea

The article once again emphasizes scientific and technological (innovative) development as a process fundamental to ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy and its structural modernization. The key areas of public administration and corporate management in the field of improving the competitiveness of the domestic economy are noted. The conditions of harmonious interaction of various levels of management of the formed national innovation system are determined. The list of management actions to implement these conditions is systematized. The content of the innovation value chain as a set of successive stages of work is revealed: from a scientific and technical idea to obtaining a production result. The principles of the formation and development of corporate innovation systems have been developed, involving companies taking into account the requirements of national competitiveness priorities in business development strategies.

Solid oxide fuel cell technology paths: National innovation system contributions from Japan and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 109879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Domingues Fernandes ◽  
Victor Bistritzki ◽  
Rosana Zacarias Domingues ◽  
Tulio Matencio ◽  
Márcia Rapini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Fuel Cell Technology

Book review: Mirosław Grewiński, Marek Kawa, Joanna Lizut, Gilberto Marzano: TOWARDS CHANGES OF THE LABOR MARKET, SKILLS AND COMPETENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 562 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Łukasz Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Information And Communication

The monograph published in English, which is the result of the project "Transformers - for the future labor market", takes up important issues of changes in the labor market in the context of technological development, which recently focuses on topics such as labor market polarization, automation and robotization , the effects of the fourth industrial revolution. The main threads discussed in the following chapters of the monograph relate to social and economic changes conditioned by the development of technology, in particular information and communication technologies, as well as the fourth industrial revolution, referred to as Industry 4.0. The main areas of analysis in the project "Transformers - for the future labor market" were presented in a synthetic way: the future of skills and competences, the future of professions and jobs, challenges related to education, as well as the conclusions drawn from desk-research analyzes and focus groups.

Academic landscape of innovation research and national innovation system policy reformation in Japan and the United States

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Kajikawa ◽  
Masahiro Hashimoto ◽  
Ichiro Sakata ◽  
Yoshiyuki Takeda ◽  
Katsumori Matsushima
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Research

ACADEMIC LANDSCAPE OF INNOVATION RESEARCH AND NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM POLICY REFORMATION IN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. 1250044 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAHIRO HASHIMOTO ◽  
YUYA KAJIKAWA ◽  
ICHIRO SAKATA ◽  
YOSHIYUKI TAKEDA ◽  
KATSUMORI MATSUSHIMA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Citation Network Analysis ◽  
Organization Research

Academic landscape of innovation research was analyzed by citation network analysis, which was divided into three main clusters; with "technological innovation" as the central core together with "innovation fundamentals" and "innovation management". Historically, research on innovation started from innovation management, such as innovational organization research, but research in the other two cluster areas is currently more active. With this background, we prepared a historical overview of national innovation system policy in Japan and the United States. Finally, we compared the trend of global innovation research with that of the national innovation systems in Japan and the United States.

scholarly journals Ensuring Social Impact at Every Stage of Technology Research & Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Pesner
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Science Inquiry ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Societal Benefit

Although the United States national innovation system has produced many technologies, their benefits are not evenly distributed across the country’s population. This stands in direct contrast to the aims of government, which frequently funds science research for the purpose of social benefit. This paper first undertakes a deep reconsideration of the US national innovation system, and then reframes it as a collective impact initiative in order to coordinate every one of its contributors around this goal. It begins by tracing the origins of the longstanding tensions between science undertaken for the sakes of science inquiry versus societal benefit. It then discusses the inadequacies of practices meant to bridge science outcomes and societal needs like the broader impacts and technology transfer. It concludes by proposing a significant expansion of the stakeholders that evaluate the proposals and outcomes of federally funded research. This integrates diverse public participation into the proposal selection process, research discussions, and technology transfer to ensure that universal social impact is routinely considered.

scholarly journals CONSULTING IN INCREASING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Natalia Yevtushenko ◽  
Anatoliy Salo
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of the article is to study economic phenomena and processes in Ukraine in order to substantiate the need to intensify innovative activity on its territory and to search for promising opportunities to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises during the political and economic crisis. Measurement of the level of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises was carried out using data for a nine-year period of time (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019). Methodology. The use of economic, abstract and logical research methods through methods of analysis, synthesis and graphical presentation made it possible to assess the level of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises for the main international rating and macroeconomic indicators. Results. The content of the concept of “innovative activity” was clarified, which made it possible to highlight the main directions of innovative development of enterprises in the country. A methodology for conducting a step-by-step assessment of the level of innovative development of enterprises in Ukraine through the criteria that determine the profile of the National Innovation System of Ukraine is proposed. According to the results of the assessment, it has been found that during the analysed period, Ukraine’s positions in The Global Competitiveness Index in the context of individual rating indicators do not have stability and are positioned at the level of underdeveloped countries. At the macroeconomic level of Ukraine, this is confirmed by the annual decrease in the part of expenses for the implementation of innovative developments in the structure of GDP expenditures to a critically low level. In the process of assessing the costs of performing innovative developments by type of work, it has been found that the most funded type in Ukraine is scientific and technical (experimental) developments. Practical implications. The results of the assessment confirm the drop in the level of innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises, the low efficiency of the National Innovation System, and explain the passive role of the state and the further lag of the country in technological development from the developed countries of the world. In such conditions, there is the need to attract consulting companies to increase innovative activity. Value/originality. A methodology for assessing the level of innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises has been formed according to the results of which it is proposed to use consulting as an effective tool of the National Innovation System in order to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises.

scholarly journals Managed care, capitation, and the future of nephrology.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1618-1623
Author(s):  
T I Steinman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Managed Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future

Within the next decade, it is predicted that more than 90% of the United States population will receive its health insurance through managed care. Capitation will be the reimbursement mechanism to health care providers as the major way of controlling costs. Currently, managed care has had little experience with capitation payments for chronically ill patients, who consume large financial and physical resources. The end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population represents a vulnerable group of patients, and their care may be compromised in a capitated environment. Nephrologists will need to serve as advocates for ESRD patients through a mechanism of quality of care, driven by a continuous quality improvement model. Cost-effective delivery of care will occur as nephrologists join together to form Independent Practice Associations (IPAs). In this article, the role of a nephrologist in a capitated environment is outlined in detail, and background for the basis of managed care growth is provided as a framework for understanding the change in our health care delivery system. After formation of a nephrology IPA, there will most likely be a linkage with a management service organization (MSO). A business plan driven by the highest principles will allow nephrologists to work together as a cohesive force in accepting global risk capitated contracts. The starting point is for ESRD care, and the future includes pre-ESRD care.

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