Ciderius cooperi gen. nov., sp. nov., the earliest known euphaneropid from the Lower Silurian of Scotland

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gambit van der Brugghen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
Branchial Region

AbstractA new genus and species of euphaneropid, Ciderius cooperi, is recorded from the Lower Silurian Fish Bed Formation of the Midland Valley of Scotland on the basis of articulated material. Euphaneropids constitute an enigmatic group which is known from Devonian deposits in Scotland and Canada. The new find adds to our understanding of this group, in particular with regard to the morphology of some common anatomical elements. The paired head stains are here shown to contain clefts which can be interpreted as optic fissures, indicating that these are the remains of eyes. The anterior head stain is reconstructed and demonstrated to be a barrel-shaped object of an uncertain nature. Paired mineralisations situated in the posterior part of the cranial region appear to represent remains of the parachordals, while fossilised blood vessels might be preserved in the form of black lines which mark a greatly elongated branchial region, similar to euphaneropids. Serially repetitive rows of short horizontal stripes on the posterior half of the body are unique for the new taxo, but their interpretation is problematic.

A new genus and species of Sclerodactylidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Sclerothyoninae) from the Pacific coast of Panama, and assignment of Neopentamera anexigua to Sclerothyoninae

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4429 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
LUCIANA MARTINS ◽  
MARCOS TAVARES
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Calcareous Ring

Paulayellus gustavi, a new sclerodactylid genus and species, is described from the Pacific coast of Panama. The new genus and species is assigned to the subfamily Sclerothyoninae based on a suite of characters, which include the radial and interradial plates of the calcareous ring united at the base only. Paulayellus gen. nov. differs from the other Sclerothyoninae genera in having posterior processesof radial plates undivided. Additionally, differs from Sclerothyone, Thandarum and Neopentamera in having knobbed buttons, plates and cups in the body wall (whereas the body wall is furnished only with tables and plates in Sclerothyone, Temparena and Thandarum, and only with knobbed buttons and plates in Neopentamera). The new genus is, so far, monotypic. The also monotypic genus Neopentamera proved to have the radial and the interradial plates of the calcareous ring united at the base only, as typically found in the Sclerothyoninae, and is therefore transferred to that subfamily. The discovery of a new genus in the Sclerothyoninae and the transfer of Neopentamera required the amendation of the diagnosis for the subfamily. A key to the Sclerothyoninae is given. 

A mid-Cretaceous female scale insect (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) in Burmese amber

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4810 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-522
Author(s):  
GEORGE POINAR ◽  
FERNANDO E. VEGA ◽  
SCOTT A. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Female Specimen ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Burmese Amber

A new genus and species of scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) is described from a female specimen in mid-Cretaceous Burmese (Myanmar) amber. Fossil female scales are rare and the present species, described as Paleolepidotus macrocolus gen. et sp. n., has such an unusual assortment of morphological features that it could not be assigned to any particular extant or extinct family. The small, ferruginous specimen exhibits a series of long wax pencils that extend around the body, including the head. The antennae and legs are quite long compared to other extant and extinct scale fossils. Of special interest are the protruding eyes, and a conical-triangular rostrum arising from between the forelegs; the claws with bifid apices are also unique. The ovisac contains immature stages. 

A New Genus and Species of Delphacidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from Costa Rica

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4657 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
CHARLES R. BARTLETT
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Caudal Margin ◽  
General Appearance

Melaniphax suffusculus gen. et sp. nov. is described from Costa Rica, representing the 57th delphacid species recorded from the country to date. The new genus is superficially similar to Caenodelphax Fennah in general appearance in that the body is uniformly colored with the wings infuscated. Distinctive features of the new taxon include simple, forceps-like gonostyli, a broadly compressed aedeagus with large serrate lateral flanges, and the anal tube bearing a pair of short, stout, truncate, caudally-directed processes on the ventro-caudal margin and slender, elongate processes from the antero-ventral margin. 

The complex morphology of a new Lower Silurian asteroid (Echinodermata)

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Blake ◽  
Frank R. Ettensohn
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
East Central ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
Complex Morphology

Gordonaster brassfieldensis is a new genus and species of Asteroidea (Echinodermata) described from the Lower Silurian Brassfield Formation of east-central Kentucky. Tentatively assigned to the poorly understood Palaeasteridae, Gordonaster shares much with Ordovician asteroids, yet it also exhibits apparent homoplasies that presage the post-Paleozoic crown group. Available specimens also indicate that the ontogenetic pattern of ossicular addition seen in the crown group was established during the Paleozoic.

The subterranean Aenigmachanna gollum, a new genus and species of snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Kerala, South India

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4603 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALF BRITZ ◽  
V.K. ANOOP ◽  
NEELESH DAHANUKAR ◽  
RAJEEV RAGHAVAN
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
South India ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
The Body ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
The Family ◽  
Maximum Body

Aenigmachanna gollum, new genus and species, is described from Kerala, South India. It is the first subterranean species of the family Channidae. It has numerous derived and unique characters, separating it from both the Asian Channa Scopoli and the African Parachanna Teugels & Daget. Uniquely among channids, A. gollum has a very slender (maximum body depth only 11.1–11.3% SL), eel-like body (head length 20.8–21.6% SL), large mouth (jaw length 60.4–61.1 % HL), 43–44 anal-fin rays, 83–85 scales in a lateral series, an unusual colour pattern and it lacks pored lateral-line scales on the body and body buoyancy. In addition, it is distinguished by its DNA barcode sequence, which is 15.8–24.2% divergent from other species of the family Channidae. Morphological modifications usually associated with a subterranean life, such as reduction of eyes and enhancement of non-visual senses (taste, smell, mechanosensory systems) are absent in A. gollum. However, it shares with subterranean fishes a slight reduction of its pigmentation in comparison to epigean channids.

New genus and species of brachypterous planthopper of the tribe Elicini (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from Chile

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4413 (3) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
JUAN F. CAMPODONICO
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Third

Selamorpha variegata gen. et sp. nov. is described from Coquimbo Region, Chile. It is characterized by the body dorsally saddle-shaped, brachypterous, tegmina with moderate reticulation, metope elongate, and terga caudally elevated. The new taxon is the second genus of Elicini in Chile and the third of South America. It was found associated with Calceolaria polifolia Hook. (Calceolariaceae). 

The new genus Acrocephalomyia, and a new species of Ropalomera from Costa Rica, with additional records for other Mesoamerican species (Diptera: Ropalomeridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3478 (1) ◽  
pp. 553-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL ◽  
VICENTE HERNÁNDEZ-ORTIZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Forward Projection ◽  
A New Species

New taxa of the family Ropalomeridae from Costa Rica are described, and additional records of ropalomerid flies fromMexico and Central America are provided. The new genus and species Acrocephalomyia zumbadoi can be easily distin-guished from all other ropalomerid genera by the following combination of characters: angular forward projection of head,absence of ocelli, flat face, bare arista, long scutum, and scutellum triangular-shaped and dorsally flattened with only onepair of apical bristles with bases approximated. The new species Ropalomera aterrima can be recognized from congenersby remarkable differences of the head, the shape of the scutellum, the absence of scutal vittae, fumose wings, and by theblack coloration of the body, ocellar bristles large, one postpronotal bristle, scutum without pollinose vittae and flat scutellum. Lenkokroeberia chryserea Prado and Kroeberia fuliginosa Lindner are newly confirmed for Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Discovery of a new genus of tanaidacean (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Mirandotanaidae) found associated with a deep-sea terebellid polychaete

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Suárez-Morales ◽  
Mario Londoño-Mesa ◽  
Richard W. Heard
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
The Family ◽  
Florida Straits

Only one species of Tanaidacea, Expina typica, has been hitherto reported as an endosymbiont; it was recovered from the body cavity of deep-sea holothurians. During a survey of the deepsea benthic community in the Florida Straits off the Bahamas, Terebellatanais floridanus, a new genus and species of a tanaidomorphan tanaidacean was recovered at a depth of 545 m from the oral cavity of the terebellid polychaete Biremis blandi. Terebellatanais gen. nov. is tentatively assigned to the family Mirandotanaidae, as it appears to have affinities with Mirandotanais and Pooreotanais but also with Expina. It is distinguished from these genera by a unique combination of characters, including four antennular and antennal articles, a naked endite of the maxillipedal basis, hook-like chelipeds, the armature of the pereopods, and characters of the mouthparts. Most of the specimens of T. floridanus examined are mancas, but some were distinctly larger and with a different development of the last pereopod, thus suggesting that at least two manca stages are represented. The occurrence of the new genus and species within the oral cavity of B. blandi, its peculiar morphology, and the absence of fully grown adults, suggest that T. floridanus may be a symbiont of Biremis blandi at least during part of its development. Whether this relationship is commensal or parasitic remains to be determined.

scholarly journals A unique camouflaged mimarachnid planthopper from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Jiang ◽  
Jacek Szwedo ◽  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Ancient Forest ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
And Function

Abstract Predation is a major driving force for the evolution of functional forms. Avoidance of visual predators has resulted in different kinds of anti-predator defences, such as: camouflage, crypsis, disruptive coloration, and masquerade or mimesis. Camouflage is one of the forms involving shape, colouration, structure and behaviour when the visual pattern and orientation of an animal can determine whether it lives or dies. Inferring the behaviour and function of an ancient organism from its fossilised remains is a difficult task, but in many cases it closely resembles that of its descendants on uniformitarian grounds. Here we report and discuss examples of morphological and behavioural traits involving camouflage named recently as a flatoidinisation syndrome, shown by the inclusion of a planthopper in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. We found a new genus and species of an extinct Cretaceous planthopper family Mimarachnidae showing peculiar complex morphological adaptations to camouflage it on tree bark. Due to convergence, it resembles an unrelated tropiduchid planthopper from Eocene Baltic amber and also a modern representatives of the planthopper family Flatidae. Flattening of the body, the horizontal position of the tegmina at repose, tegmina with an undulating margin and elevated, wavy longitudinal veins, together with colouration and more sedentary behavioral traits enable these different insects to avoid predators. Our discovery reveals flatoidinisation syndrome in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber which may provide insights into the processes of natural selection and evolution in this ancient forest.

A new genus and species of the family Microlaimidae (Nematoda: Chromadorea) from intertidal sand of the Jeju Island, South Korea

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5020 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
ALEXEY V. TCHESUNOV ◽  
RAEHYUK JEONG ◽  
WONCHOEL LEE
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Anterior Testis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
The Family ◽  
Secretory Gland ◽  
A New Species

As a part of the study of marine nematofauna of a sandy intertidal zone of Jeju Island (South Korea), a number of species have been proven as new for science. Here a new species representing a new genus of the family Microlaimidae (Chromadorea), Jejulaimus sinyangensis gen. n., sp. n. is described. The new monotypic genus is characterized by head set off abruptly from the body; anterior sensilla pattern 6+10, where six outer labial setiform sensilla together with four longer cephalic setiform sensilla are integrated in a common crown; pharyngostoma armed with a dorsal tooth and surrounded by convex muscular pharyngeal tissue, forming an anterior pharyngeal bulb which is distinctly set off from the rest of the pharynx; terminal pharyngeal bulb oval; ventral pore and ampulla of the excretory-secretory gland situated just posterior to the nerve ring; an only anterior testis present. The new genus bears some resemblance to the genera Bolbolaimus, Pseudomicrolaimus and Spirobolbolaimus in having an anterior pharyngeal bulb and in the position of the ventral pore of the excretory/secretory gland, but differs from them by anterior sensilla pattern 6+10, absence of subventral teeth in buccal cavity, and monorchic condition of male reproductive system.  

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