Consumption of ‘extra’ foods (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) among children aged 16–24 months from western Sydney, Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L Webb ◽  
Marjaana Lahti-Koski ◽  
Ingrid Rutishauser ◽  
Debra J Hector ◽  
Natalia Knezevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Sydney Australia

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the contribution of energy-dense, nutrient-poor ‘extra’ foods to the diets of 16–24-month-old children from western Sydney, Australia.DesignAn analysis of cross-sectional data collected on participants in the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS), a randomised trial investigating the primary prevention of asthma from birth to 5 years. We collected 3-day weighed food records, calculated nutrient intakes, classified recorded foods into major food groups, and further classified foods as either ‘core’ or ‘extras’ according to theAustralian Guide to Healthy Eating.SettingPregnant women, whose unborn child was at risk of developing asthma because of a family history, were recruited from all six hospitals in western Sydney, Australia. Data for this study were collected in clinic visits and at participants’ homes at the 18-month assessment.ParticipantsFour hundred and twenty-nine children participating in the CAPS study; 80% of the total cohort.ResultsThe mean consumption of ‘extra’ foods was ∼150 g day− 1and contributed 25–30% of the total energy, fat, carbohydrate and sodium to the diets of the study children. ‘Extra’ foods also contributed around 20% of fibre, 10% of protein and zinc, and about 5% of calcium. Children in the highest quintile of ‘extra’ foods intake had a slightly higher but not significantly different intake of energy from those in the lowest quintile. However, significant differences were evident for the percentage of energy provided by carbohydrate and sugars (higher) and protein and saturated fat (lower). The intake of most micronutrients was also significantly lower among children in the highest quintile of consumption. The intake of ‘extra’ foods was inversely associated with the intake of core foods.ConclusionsThe high percentage of energy contributed by ‘extra’ foods and their negative association with nutrient density emphasise the need for dietary guidance for parents of children aged 1–2 years. These preliminary data on commonly consumed ‘extra’ foods and portion sizes may inform age-specific dietary assessment methods.

scholarly journals Validation of an interviewer-administered seven-day semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for the dietary assessment of preschool children in rural Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabuktagin Rahman ◽  
Patricia Lee ◽  
Santhia Ireen ◽  
Moudud ur-Rahman Khan ◽  
Faruk Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Absolute Agreement

Abstract A validation study of an interviewer-administered, seven-day semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (7-d SQFFQ) was conducted in Bangladeshi rural preschool age children. Using a cross-sectional study design, 105 children from 103 households were randomly selected. For the SQFFQ, a list of commonly consumed foods was adapted from the Bangladesh national micronutrient survey 2011–12. The data on the actual number of times and the amount of the children's consumption of the foods in the preceding 1 week were collected by interviewing the mothers. The intake was compared with two non-consecutive days 24-h dietary recalls conducted within 2 weeks after the SQFFQ. Validity was assessed by the standard statistical tests. After adjusting for the energy intake and de-attenuation for within-subject variation, the food groups (cereals, animal source foods, milk and the processed foods) had ‘good’ correlations between the methods (rho 0⋅65–0⋅93; P < 0⋅001). Similarly, the macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fats) had ‘good’ correlations (rho 0⋅50–0⋅75; P < 0⋅001) and the key micronutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, etc.) demonstrated ‘good’ correlations (rho 0⋅46–0⋅85; P < 0⋅001). The variation in classifying the two extreme quintiles by the SQFFQ and the 24-h recalls was <10 %. The results from Lin's concordance coefficients showed a ‘moderate’ to ‘excellent’ absolute agreement between the two methods for food groups, and nutrients (0⋅21–0⋅90; P < 0⋅001). This interviewer-administered, 7-d SQFFQ with an open-ended intake frequency demonstrated adequate validity to assess the dietary intake for most nutrients and suitable for dietary assessments of young children in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Sources of excessive saturated fat, trans fat and sugar consumption in Brazil: an analysis of the first Brazilian nationwide individual dietary survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela A Pereira ◽  
Kiyah J Duffey ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the patterns of consumption of foods high in solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS) in Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study; individual dietary intake survey. Food intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive food records. Foods providing >9·1 % of energy from saturated fat, or >1·3 % of energy from trans fat, or >13 % of energy from added sugars per 100 g were classified as high in SoFAS.SettingBrazilian nationwide survey, 2008–2009.SubjectsIndividuals aged ≥10 years old.ResultsMean daily energy intake was 8037 kJ (1921 kcal), 52 % of energy came from SoFAS foods. Contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake was higher among women (52 %) and adolescents (54 %). Participants in rural areas (43 %) and in the lowest quartile of per capita family income (43 %) reported the smallest contribution of SoFAS foods to total energy intake. SoFAS foods were large contributors to total saturated fat (87 %), trans fat (89 %), added sugar (98 %) and total sugar (96 %) consumption. The SoFAS food groups that contributed most to total energy intake were meats and beverages. Top SoFAS foods contributing to saturated fat and trans fat intakes were meats and fats and oils. Most of the added and total sugar in the diet was supplied by SoFAS beverages and sweets and desserts.ConclusionsSoFAS foods play an important role in the Brazilian diet. The study identifies options for improving the Brazilian diet and reducing nutrition-related non-communicable chronic diseases, but also points out some limitations of the nutrient-based criteria.

scholarly journals Estimation of typical food portion sizes for children of different ages in Great Britain

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1344-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Wrieden ◽  
Patricia J. Longbottom ◽  
Ashley J. Adamson ◽  
Simon A. Ogston ◽  
Anne Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
The Uk

It is often the case in dietary assessment that it is not practicable to weigh individual intakes of foods eaten. The aim of the work described was to estimate typical food portion weights for children of different ages. Using the data available from the British National Diet and Nutrition Surveys of children aged 1½–4½ years (1992–1993) and young people aged 4–18 years (1997), descriptive statistics were obtained, and predicted weights were calculated by linear, quadratic and exponential regression for each age group. Following comparison of energy and nutrient intakes calculated from actual (from an earlier weighed intake study) and estimated portion weights, the final list of typical portion sizes was based on median portion weights for the 1–3- and 4–6-year age groups, and age-adjusted means using linear regression for the 7–10-, 11–14- and 15–18-year age groups. The number of foods recorded by fifty or more children was 133 for each of the younger age groups (1–3 and 4–6 years) and seventy-five for each of the older age groups. The food portion weights covered all food groups. All portion sizes increased with age with the exception of milk in tea or coffee. The present study draws on a unique source of weighed data on food portions of a large sample of children that is unlikely to be repeated and therefore provides the best possible estimates of children's food portion sizes in the UK.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional assessment of food- and nutrient-based standards applied to British schoolchildren’s packed lunches

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte EL Evans ◽  
Janet E Cade
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dietary Data

AbstractObjectiveIn England, standards for school meals included both foods and nutrients until 2015. School policies for packed lunches are generally food based; research is needed to determine whether these are adequate or whether a small number of nutrients would potentially improve their quality.DesignFrom dietary data obtained using a weighed dietary assessment tool, a diet quality score (DQS) for packed lunches was calculated using the number of standards met out of twenty-one (eight foods and thirteen nutrients). Multilevel regression analysis determined the foods and nutrients contributing to variation in the DQS.SettingEighty-nine primary schools across the four regions of the UK (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland).SubjectsBritish schoolchildren (n 1294), aged 8–9 years, taking a packed lunch.ResultsThe optimal model included all eight foods and seven of the thirteen nutrients, explaining 72 % of the variance in DQS. Folate, Fe and vitamin C, together with the eight food groups, explained 70 % of DQS variation.ConclusionsIdeally, policies for school packed lunches should include food-based standards plus recommendations based on a small number of nutrients.

scholarly journals Validity of Absolute Intake and Nutrient Density of Protein, Potassium, and Sodium Assessed by Various Dietary Assessment Methods: An Exploratory Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Laura Trijsburg ◽  
Anouk Geelen ◽  
Paul J.M. Hulshof ◽  
Pieter van’t Veer ◽  
Hendriek C. Boshuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Nutrient Density

It is suggested that nutrient densities are less affected by measurement errors than absolute intake estimates of dietary exposure. We compared the validity of absolute intakes and densities of protein (kJ from protein/total energy (kJ)), potassium, and sodium (potassium or sodium (in mg)/total energy (kJ)) assessed by different dietary assessment methods. For 69 Dutch subjects, two duplicate portions (DPs), five to fifteen 24-h dietary recalls (24 hRs, telephone-based and web-based) and two food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were collected and compared to duplicate urinary biomarkers and one or two doubly labelled water measurements. Multivariate measurement error models were used to estimate validity coefficients (VCs) and attenuation factors (AFs). This research showed that group bias diminished for protein and sodium densities assessed by all methods as compared to the respective absolute intakes, but not for those of potassium. However, the VCs and AFs for the nutrient densities did not improve compared to absolute intakes for all four methods; except for the AF of sodium density (0.71) or the FFQ which was better than that of the absolute sodium intake (0.51). Thus, using nutrient densities rather than absolute intakes does not necessarily improve the performance of the DP, FFQ, or 24 hR.

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children is Associated with Several Changes in Nutrient Intakes and Food Consumption Patterns of Participating Infants and Young Children, 2008 Compared with 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 2985-2993
Author(s):  
Joanne F Guthrie ◽  
Andrea S Anater ◽  
Joel C Hampton ◽  
Diane J Catellier ◽  
Alison L Eldridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wic Participation ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Program

ABSTRACT Background In 2009 the USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) updated the food packages provided to participants. Objectives This study investigates associations between WIC participation and nutrients and food groups consumed using data from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study's 2008 and 2016 nationwide, cross-sectional surveys of children &lt;4 y, weighted to be representative of the US population. Methods The study data included 2892 children aged 6–47.9 mo in 2008 and 2635 in 2016. Differences were analyzed by WIC participation, survey year, and child age (infants 6–11.9 mo old, toddlers 12–23.9 mo old, preschoolers 24–47.9 mo old). Usual nutrient intake distributions were estimated using National Cancer Institute methodology. Daily food group consumption differences were tested via multivariate regression. All analyses controlled for income. Results In 2016 18.6% of infants had iron intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR), compared to 7.6% in 2008; 87% of WIC infants met the EAR, compared with 69% of non-WIC infants. In 2016 37% of WIC preschoolers met saturated fat guidelines, compared with 25% in 2008; in both years, fewer than one-third of non-WIC preschoolers met the guidelines. More WIC infants than non-WIC infants consumed infant cereals in 2016 (58% compared with 45%, respectively). More WIC infants ate vegetables daily in 2016 than in 2008 (74% compared with 59%, respectively).  In 2016, as compared with 2008, more WIC infants consumed baby-food vegetables (55% compared with 29%, respectively) and fruits (56% compared with 41%, respectively). In 2016 47% of WIC preschoolers drank low-fat milk, compared with 19% of non-WIC preschoolers. Conclusions Infant iron intakes are concerning, although more WIC infants meet the EAR. WIC infants’ vegetable intakes have improved; baby-food vegetables have become important contributors to their intakes. In 2016 WIC children were more likely than non-WIC children to shift to lower-fat milks at 2 y of age, likely contributing to lower saturated fat intakes.

scholarly journals Development of an online database of typical food portion sizes in Irish population groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Lyons ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Food Portion ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Typical Food

AbstractThe Irish Food Portion Sizes Database (available at www.iuna.net) describes typical portion weights for an extensive range of foods and beverages for Irish children, adolescents and adults. The present paper describes the methodologies used to develop the database and some key characteristics of the portion weight data contained therein. The data are derived from three large, cross-sectional food consumption surveys carried out in Ireland over the last decade: the National Children's Food Survey (2003–2004), National Teens' Food Survey (2005–2006) and National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008–2010). Median, 25th and 75th percentile portion weights are described for a total of 545 items across the three survey groups, split by age group or sex as appropriate. The typical (median) portion weights reported for adolescents and adults are similar for many foods, while those reported for children are notably smaller. Adolescent and adult males generally consume larger portions than their female counterparts, though similar portion weights may be consumed where foods are packaged in unit amounts (for example, pots of yoghurt). The inclusion of energy under-reporters makes little difference to the estimation of typical portion weights in adults. The data have wide-ranging applications in dietary assessment and food labelling, and will serve as a useful reference against which to compare future portion size data from the Irish population. The present paper provides a useful context for researchers and others wishing to use the Irish Food Portion Sizes Database, and may guide researchers in other countries in establishing similar databases of their own.

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutrient intake in Finnish 1–6-year-old children

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (6A) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipsa Kyttälä ◽  
Maijaliisa Erkkola ◽  
Carina Kronberg-Kippilä ◽  
Heli Tapanainen ◽  
Riitta Veijola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

AbstractObjectiveTo study food consumption and nutrient intake in Finnish children aged 1–6 years and to assess the effect of age and sex on food consumption and nutrient intake.DesignCross-sectional samples of children participating in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) birth cohort study in Finland.SubjectsThe study population comprised healthy children recruited in the nutrition study within the DIPP study in 1998–2003. Three-day food records (2535 in total) from 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-year-old children were kept between the years 2003 and 2005.ResultsThe energy-adjusted consumption of fruits and berries, cereal products, infant formulas and meat dishes was higher and the consumption of vegetables, salads, breads, dairy products, fat spreads, drinks, sweets and sugar was lower among 1-year-old children than older age groups (P for all <0·05). The mean daily energy intake increased with age and was higher among boys than girls in all age groups, except among the 2-year-olds (P for all <0·05). The diet of the 2–6-year-old children contained too much saturated fat and sucrose, and too little PUFA compared with the current Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. The intakes of most vitamins and minerals met the recommendations. However, the intakes of vitamin D, E and iron fell below the recommended levels. The nutrient density of the diet decreased after the age of 1 year at the time that the children adapted to the regular family diet.ConclusionsIn order to improve the diet of young children, it is essential to evaluate the diet of the whole family.

scholarly journals Identifying small groups of foods that can predict achievement of key dietary recommendations: data mining of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey, 2008–12

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1543-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe J Giabbanelli ◽  
Jean Adams
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Redundant Data ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods

AbstractObjectiveMany dietary assessment methods attempt to estimate total food and nutrient intake. If the intention is simply to determine whether participants achieve dietary recommendations, this leads to much redundant data. We used data mining techniques to explore the number of foods that intake information was required on to accurately predict achievement, or not, of key dietary recommendations.DesignWe built decision trees for achievement of recommendations for fruit and vegetables, sodium, fat, saturated fat and free sugars using data from a national dietary surveillance data set. Decision trees describe complex relationships between potential predictor variables (age, sex and all foods listed in the database) and outcome variables (achievement of each of the recommendations).SettingUK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS, 2008–12).SubjectsThe analysis included 4156 individuals.ResultsInformation on consumption of 113 out of 3911 (3 %) foods, plus age and sex was required to accurately categorize individuals according to all five recommendations. The best trade-off between decision tree accuracy and number of foods included occurred at between eleven (for fruit and vegetables) and thirty-two (for fat, plus age) foods, achieving an accuracy of 72 % (for fat) to 83 % (for fruit and vegetables), with similar values for sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsUsing information on intake of 113 foods, it is possible to predict with 72–83 % accuracy whether individuals achieve key dietary recommendations. Substantial further research is required to make use of these findings for dietary assessment.

scholarly journals DINO (Diet In Nutrients Out) – an integrated dietary assessment system

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Fitt ◽  
Darren Cole ◽  
Nida Ziauddeen ◽  
David Pell ◽  
Elizabeth Stickley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Human Nutrition Research ◽  
Portion Sizes

AbstractObjectiveThe current paper describes Diet In Nutrients Out (DINO), an integrated dietary assessment system incorporating dietary data entry and nutritional analysis within one platform for use in dietary assessment in small-scale intervention studies to national surveys.DesignDINO contains >6000 food items, mostly aggregated composites of branded foods, across thirty-one main food groups divided into 151 subsidiary groups for detailed reporting requirements, with fifty-three core nutrient fields.SettingMRC Human Nutrition Research (HNR), Cambridge, UK and MRC Keneba, Gambia.SubjectsDINO is used across dietary assessment projects at HNR and MRC Keneba.ResultsDINO contains macro- and micronutrients as well as additional variables of current research and policy interest, such as caffeine, whole grains, vitamin K and added sugars. Disaggregated data are available for fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and cheese in composite foods, enabling greater accuracy when reporting food consumption or assessing adherence to dietary recommendations. Portion sizes are categorised in metric and imperial weights, with standardised portion sizes for each age group. Regular reviews are undertaken for portion sizes and food composition to ensure contemporary relevance. A training programme and a checking schedule are adhered to for quality assurance purposes, covering users and data. Eating context questions are integrated to record where and with whom the respondent is eating, allowing examination between these factors and the foods consumed.ConclusionsAn up-to-date quality-assured system for dietary assessment is crucial for nutritional surveillance and research, but needs to have the flexibility to be tailored to address specific research questions.

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