Fatality Thresholds, Causal Heterogeneity, and Civil War Research: Reconsidering the Link Between Narcotics and Conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Anderson ◽  
Alec Worsnop
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Dynamic Theory ◽  
War Literature ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Case Selection ◽  
Multiple Thresholds ◽  
Civil War Literature ◽  
Threshold Criteria ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conflict Intensity

Determining the appropriate fatality threshold criteria for case selection in the civil war literature has proven contentious. Yet, despite continued debate, our survey of the literature finds that scholars rarely examine their findings across multiple thresholds. Of those that did evaluate their findings in this way, nearly half found that their results changed at different thresholds. Because minor and major conflicts often exhibit different causal patterns, scholars should explore their empirical findings across a range of theoretically motivated thresholds. To illustrate the utility of this approach, we demonstrate that the relationship between narcotics and conflict intensity varies across thresholds. We then introduce a dynamic theory that emphasizes the endogeneity of rebel groups’ decisions to turn to drug cultivation during civil war.

scholarly journals Rebel Rivalry and the Strategic Nature of Rebel Group Ideology and Demands

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200272096741
Author(s):  
Efe Tokdemir ◽  
Evgeny Sedashov ◽  
Sema Hande Ogutcu-Fu ◽  
Carlos E. Moreno Leon ◽  
Jeremy Berkowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
War Literature ◽  
Group Conflict ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Civil War Literature ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rebel Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scholarly Attention

How does the presence of multiple combatants affect rebel groups’ ideological and demand positioning? Although violent forms of inter-group conflict have been widely studied in the civil war literature, rebel groups’ strategic use of ideology and demands has received scarce scholarly attention. We argue that the pressure of competition forces rebel groups to differentiate themselves ideologically and demand-wise from their rivals to maximize their chances of survival and success. Rebel groups strive to set themselves apart by offering unique products to their supporters and recruits. Thus, we contend that rebel groups are more likely to modify their ideologies and demands from the government in the face of competition from rival groups. We test this theory using novel data collected from rebel group manifestos and public statements. Our findings suggest that groups are more likely to shift their ideology and modify their demands as the number of rival groups increases.

Learning about... the Civil War: Literature and Other Resources for Young People

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Harrod ◽  
Elaine C. Stephens ◽  
Jean E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Young People ◽  
War Literature ◽  
Civil War Literature

scholarly journals Riña de Gatos. Madrid 1936: Mendoza desde la óptica de la memoria histórica en el siglo XXI

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durba Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
War Literature ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Eduardo Mendoza ◽  
The Past ◽  
Civil War Literature

Abstract: 21st century Spain has witnessed a re-awakening of the past with Zapatero’s Historical Memory Law legislated in 2007 and a clamor to re-visit the Civil War (1936-39) and the Transition period with a critical stance. This new historical conscious has also resulted in a new wave of literature published on the Civil War. The objective of this paper is to explore how a work like Riña de Gatos. Madrid 1936 challenges the traditional boundaries of what is known as Civil War literature in Spain. The paper would encompass a thorough reading of the work authored by Eduardo Mendoza. In the process, it shall demonstrate the ability of this contemporary historical novel to transcend the boundaries of Civil War literature through a "rediscovery" of the Falange leader, Primo de Rivera (1903 – 1936) who was instrumental in the coup of 1936. Reseña: La España del siglo XXI ha atestiguado una vuelta del pasado con la Ley de Memoria Histórica de Zapatero (2007) y un clamor de retomar la Guerra Civil (1936-39) y el período de la Transición desde una postura crítica. Esta nueva consciencia histórica también ha resultado en una nueva ola de literatura publicada sobre la Guerra Civil. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar cómo la obra Riña de Gatos. Madrid 1936 (2010) desafía los límites tradicionales de lo que se conoce como literatura de la Guerra Civil en España. El trabajo pretende una lectura detallada de esta obra de Eduardo Mendoza. En el proceso, demostraría su capacidad de trascender los límites de la literatura de la Guerra Civil a través de un "redescubrimiento" del líder de Falange, Primo de Rivera (1903 - 1936), que jugó un papel fundamental en el golpe de estado de 1936.

Civil War Literature and the News

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-572
Author(s):  
Travis M Foster
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
War Literature ◽  
Civil War Literature

Terrorism, Civil War, and Insurgency

2019 ◽  
pp. 347-365
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Domestic Terrorism ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Causes Of Violence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Much of the terrorism occurring worldwide is domestic terrorism carried out by rebel groups fighting in civil wars. However, many are reluctant to categorize domestic insurgencies as terrorist groups or to identify the tactics used by domestic insurgencies as terrorist tactics. Through a survey of the literature addressing the relationship between terrorism and civil war, I contend that research on the dynamics of violence in civil war would benefit from a more standardized definition of the concept of terrorism as well as greater consensus on how the concept of terrorism ought to be used in relation to the concept of civilian targeting. The lack of conceptual clarity in distinguishing between terrorism and civilian targeting makes it difficult to compare research findings, and thus to make progress as a field in our understanding of the causes of violence and its consequences. Despite the challenges associated with making comparisons across studies, this chapter attempts to do precisely this, drawing on research on terrorism as well as research on civilian targeting to develop insights on the causes and consequences of terrorist violence employed in the context of civil war.

scholarly journals Desventuras do Pós-independência em Moçambique: nacionalismo, guerra civil e memória coletiva

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Andressa Da Silva Machado
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
War Literature ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Civil War Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Literary Narrative

O presente artigo apresenta as principais contradições do projeto político nacional da Frelimo, em sua tentativa de construção de uma consciência nacional no pós-independência em Moçambique. É possível  identificar alguns aspectos que interagiam e moldaram a memória coletiva do povo moçambicano com relação à guerra civil, como no romance Ventos do Apocalipse de Paulina Chiziane, onde a autora enuncia, de forma crítica ao governo socialista e unipartidarista em Moçambique, uma narrativa literária que pode ser analisada como fonte histórica.Palavras-chaves: Moçambique. Nacionalismo. Guerra civil. Literatura.Abstract This paper presents the main contradictions of Frelimo's national political project, in its attempt to build a national consciousness post-independence in Mozambique. It is possible to identify some aspects that interacted and shaped the collective memory of the Mozambican people in relation to the civil war, as in the novel Ventos do Apocalipse by Paulina Chiziane, where the author critically enunciates the socialist and unipartisan government in Mozambique, a literary narrative that can be analyzed as a historical source. Keywords: Mozambique; Nationalism; Civil war; Literature; History of Africa

Containing Ethnic Conflict: Repression, Cooptation, and Identity Politics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Belge ◽  
Semuhi Sinanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
War Literature ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Civil War Literature ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Government

Why do states target some civilians with collective punishment while coopting others with material goods during an ethnic civil war? This article examines how the Turkish government calibrated its repression and cooptation policies towards the Kurdish population during the counterinsurgency of the 1990s. In contrast to the situational conflict dynamics emphasized by the civil war literature, we explain the distribution of cooptation and repression with the state’s identity policy: government policies were more punitive in areas that displayed strong Kurdish linguistic/political identity, or high tribal concentration, while they were more cooptative where the government had fostered a Sunni-Muslim Kurdish identity. The study is based on a novel dataset that includes information about displacement, tribal concentration, and violent events from archival sources.

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